使用环境：Raspberry 3b+ +netifaces+python-nmap+nmap

调用netifaces自动获取ip地址：

def get_gateways(): 
return netifaces.gateways()['default'][netifaces.AF_INET][0]

将ip地址生成一个网段中所有ip地址的列表：

def get_ip_lists(ip):
 ip_lists = [] 
 for i in range(1, 256):
 ip_lists.append('{}{}'.format(ip[:-1], i)) 
 return ip_lists

主要实现代码及数据分割：

def main(ip=None):
 ip=get_gateways()
 ip_lists=get_ip_lists(ip)
 nmScan,temp_ip_lists,hosts = nmap.PortScanner(),[],ip[:-1]+'0/24'
 ret = nmScan.scan(hosts=hosts, arguments='-sP')
 print('扫描时间：'+ret['nmap']['scanstats']['timestr']+'
命令参数:'+ret['nmap']['command_line'])
 for ip in ip_lists:
 print('ip地址：'+ip+'：')
 if ip not in ret['scan']:
 temp_ip_lists.append(ip)
 print('扫描超时')
 else:print('已扫描到主机，主机名：'+ret['scan'][ip]['hostnames'][0]['name'])
 print(str(hosts) +' 网络中的存活主机:')
 for ip in temp_ip_lists:ip_lists.remove(ip)
 for ip in ip_lists:print(ip)

完整代码：

#!/usr/bin/python
#_*_ coding:utf8 _*_
import netifaces,nmap

def get_gateways():
 return netifaces.gateways()['default'][netifaces.AF_INET][0]

def get_ip_lists(ip):
 ip_lists = []
 for i in range(1, 256):
 ip_lists.append('{}{}'.format(ip[:-1], i))
 return ip_lists

def main(ip=None):
 ip=get_gateways()
 ip_lists=get_ip_lists(ip)
 nmScan,temp_ip_lists,hosts = nmap.PortScanner(),[],ip[:-1]+'0/24'
 ret = nmScan.scan(hosts=hosts, arguments='-sP')
 print('扫描时间：'+ret['nmap']['scanstats']['timestr']+'
命令参数:'+ret['nmap']['command_line'])
 for ip in ip_lists:
 print('ip地址：'+ip+'：')
 if ip not in ret['scan']:
 temp_ip_lists.append(ip)
 print('扫描超时')
 else:print('已扫描到主机，主机名：'+ret['scan'][ip]['hostnames'][0]['name'])
 print(str(hosts) +' 网络中的存活主机:')
 for ip in temp_ip_lists:ip_lists.remove(ip)
 for ip in ip_lists:print(ip)

if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()

实验截图：