代码说明一切：

#encoding=utf-8
#author: walker
#date: 2014-05-21
#function: 自定义进程池遍历目录下文件
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue, Lock
import time, os
#消费者
class Consumer(Process):
 def __init__(self, queue, ioLock):
 super(Consumer, self).__init__()
 self.queue = queue
 self.ioLock = ioLock
 def run(self):
 while True:
 task = self.queue.get() #队列中无任务时，会阻塞进程
 if isinstance(task, str) and task == 'quit':
 break;
 time.sleep(1) #假定任务处理需要1秒钟
 self.ioLock.acquire()
 print( str(os.getpid()) + ' ' + task)
 self.ioLock.release()
 self.ioLock.acquire()
 print 'Bye-bye'
 self.ioLock.release()
#生产者
def Producer():
 queue = Queue() #这个队列是进程/线程安全的
 ioLock = Lock()
 subNum = 4 #子进程数量
 workers = build_worker_pool(queue, ioLock, subNum)
 start_time = time.time()
 for parent, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(r'D:	est'):
 for filename in filenames:
 queue.put(filename)
 ioLock.acquire()
 print('qsize:' + str(queue.qsize()))
 ioLock.release()
 while queue.qsize() > subNum * 10: #控制队列中任务数量
 time.sleep(1)
 for worker in workers:
 queue.put('quit')
 for worker in workers:
 worker.join()
 ioLock.acquire()
 print('Done! Time taken: {}'.format(time.time() - start_time))
 ioLock.release()
#创建进程池
def build_worker_pool(queue, ioLock, size):
 workers = []
 for _ in range(size):
 worker = Consumer(queue, ioLock)
 worker.start()
 workers.append(worker)
 return workers
if __name__ == '__main__':
 Producer()

ps：

self.ioLock.acquire()
...
self.ioLock.release()

可用：

with self.ioLock:
 ...

替代。

再来一个好玩的例子：

#encoding=utf-8
#author: walker
#date: 2016-01-06
#function: 一个多进程的好玩例子
import os, sys, time
from multiprocessing import Pool
cur_dir_fullpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
g_List = ['a']
#修改全局变量g_List
def ModifyDict_1():
 global g_List
 g_List.append('b')
#修改全局变量g_List
def ModifyDict_2():
 global g_List
 g_List.append('c')
#处理一个
def ProcOne(num):
 print('ProcOne ' + str(num) + ', g_List:' + repr(g_List))
#处理所有
def ProcAll():
 pool = Pool(processes = 4)
 for i in range(1, 20):
 #ProcOne(i)
 #pool.apply(ProcOne, (i,))
 pool.apply_async(ProcOne, (i,))
 pool.close()
 pool.join()
ModifyDict_1() #修改全局变量g_List
if __name__ == '__main__':
 ModifyDict_2() #修改全局变量g_List
 print('In main g_List :' + repr(g_List))
 ProcAll()

Windows7 下运行的结果：

λ python3 demo.py
In main g_List :['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 1, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 2, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 3, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 4, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 5, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 6, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 7, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 8, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 9, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 10, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 11, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 12, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 13, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 14, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 15, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 16, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 17, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 18, g_List:['a', 'b']
ProcOne 19, g_List:['a', 'b']

Ubuntu 14.04下运行的结果：

In main g_List :['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 1, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 2, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 3, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 5, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 4, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 8, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 9, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 7, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 11, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 6, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 12, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 13, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 10, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 14, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 15, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 16, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 17, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 18, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']
ProcOne 19, g_List:['a', 'b', 'c']

可以看见Windows7下第二次修改没有成功，而Ubuntu下修改成功了。据uliweb作者limodou讲，原因是Windows下是充重启实现的子进程；Linux下是fork实现的。

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