def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024):
 """copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""
 while 1:
 buf = fsrc.read(length)
 if not buf:
 break
 fdst.write(buf)

注意！ 在其中fsrc，fdst都是文件对象，都需要打开后才能进行复制操作

import shutil
f1=open('name','r')
f2=open('name_copy','w+')
shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2,length=16*1024)

2 shutil.copyfile(src,dst)
copy文件内容，是不是感觉上面的文件复制很麻烦？还需要自己手动用open函数打开文件，在这里就不需要了，事实上，copyfile调用了copyfileobj

def copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
 if _samefile(src, dst):
 raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst))
 for fn in [src, dst]:
 try:
 st = os.stat(fn)
 except OSError:
 # File most likely does not exist
 pass
 else:
 # XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...)
 if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):
 raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn)
 if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src):
 os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)
 else:
 with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
 with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
 copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)
 return dst

shutil.copyfile('name','name_copy_2')
#一句就可以实现复制文件内容

3 shutil.copymode(src,dst)
仅copy权限，不更改文件内容，组和用户。

def copymode(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
 if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst):
 if hasattr(os, 'lchmod'):
 stat_func, chmod_func = os.lstat, os.lchmod
 else:
 return
 elif hasattr(os, 'chmod'):
 stat_func, chmod_func = os.stat, os.chmod
 else:
 return
 st = stat_func(src)
 chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))

先看两个文件的权限

[root@slyoyo python_test]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 May 14 05:17 test1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:10 test2

运行命令

>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.copymode('test1','test2')

查看结果

[root@slyoyo python_test]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 May 14 05:17 test1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:10 test2

当我们将目标文件换为一个不存在的文件时报错

>>> shutil.copymode('test1','test3') 
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "", line 1, in 
 File "/usr/local/python/lib/python3.4/shutil.py", line 132, in copymode
 chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'test233'

4 shutil.copystat(src,dst)
复制所有的状态信息，包括权限，组，用户，时间等

def copystat(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):

 def _nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
 pass
 # follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)
 follow = follow_symlinks or not (os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst))
 if follow:
 # use the real function if it exists
 def lookup(name):
 return getattr(os, name, _nop)
 else:
 # use the real function only if it exists
 # *and* it supports follow_symlinks
 def lookup(name):
 fn = getattr(os, name, _nop)
 if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks:
 return fn
 return _nop
 st = lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow)
 mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
 lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns),
 follow_symlinks=follow)
 try:
 lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow)
 except NotImplementedError:
 # if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because
 # * follow_symlinks=False,
 # * lchown() is unavailable, and
 # * either
 # * fchownat() is unavailable or
 # * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
 # (it returned ENOSUP.)
 # therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the
 # symlink. give up, suppress the error.
 # (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)
 pass
 if hasattr(st, 'st_flags'):
 try:
 lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow)
 except OSError as why:
 for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP':
 if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err):
 break
 else:
 raise
 _copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow)

5 shutil.copy(src,dst)
复制文件的内容以及权限，先copyfile后copymode

 def copy(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):

 if os.path.isdir(dst):
 dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
 copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
 copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
 return dst

6 shutil.copy2(src,dst)
复制文件的内容以及文件的所有状态信息。先copyfile后copystat

def copy2(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
 """Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst"). Return the file's
 destination."
 The destination may be a directory.
 If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
 resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst".
 """
 if os.path.isdir(dst):
 dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
 copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
 copystat(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
 return dst

7 shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,ignore_dangling_symlinks=False)
递归的复制文件内容及状态信息

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,
 ignore_dangling_symlinks=False):

 names = os.listdir(src)
 if ignore is not None:
 ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
 else:
 ignored_names = set()
 os.makedirs(dst)
 errors = []
 for name in names:
 if name in ignored_names:
 continue
 srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
 dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
 try:
 if os.path.islink(srcname):
 linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
 if symlinks:
 # We can't just leave it to `copy_function` because legacy
 # code with a custom `copy_function` may rely on copytree
 # doing the right thing.
 os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
 copystat(srcname, dstname, follow_symlinks=not symlinks)
 else:
 # ignore dangling symlink if the flag is on
 if not os.path.exists(linkto) and ignore_dangling_symlinks:
 continue
 # otherwise let the copy occurs. copy2 will raise an error
 if os.path.isdir(srcname):
 copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore,
 copy_function)
 else:
 copy_function(srcname, dstname)
 elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
 copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore, copy_function)
 else:
 # Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file types
 copy_function(srcname, dstname)
 # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
 # continue with other files
 except Error as err:
 errors.extend(err.args[0])
 except OSError as why:
 errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
 try:
 copystat(src, dst)
 except OSError as why:
 # Copying file access times may fail on Windows
 if getattr(why, 'winerror', None) is None:
 errors.append((src, dst, str(why)))
 if errors:
 raise Error(errors)
 return dst
# version vulnerable to race conditions

[root@slyoyo python_test]# tree copytree_test/
copytree_test/
└── test
 ├── test1
 ├── test2
 └── hahaha
[root@slyoyo test]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 python python 0 May 14 19:36 hahaha
-rw-r--r--. 1 python python 0 May 14 19:36 test1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:36 test2
>>> shutil.copytree('copytree_test','copytree_copy')
'copytree_copy'
[root@slyoyo python_test]# ls -l
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 14 19:36 copytree_copy
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 14 19:36 copytree_test
-rw-r--r--. 1 python python 79 May 14 05:17 test1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:10 test2
[root@slyoyo python_test]# tree copytree_copy/
copytree_copy/
└── test
 ├── hahaha
 ├── test1
 └── test2

8 shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None)
递归地删除文件

def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None):

 if ignore_errors:
 def onerror(*args):
 pass
 elif onerror is None:
 def onerror(*args):
 raise
 if _use_fd_functions:
 # While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not.
 if isinstance(path, bytes):
 path = os.fsdecode(path)
 # Note: To guard against symlink races, we use the standard
 # lstat()/open()/fstat() trick.
 try:
 orig_st = os.lstat(path)
 except Exception:
 onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info())
 return
 try:
 fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY)
 except Exception:
 onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info())
 return
 try:
 if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(fd)):
 _rmtree_safe_fd(fd, path, onerror)
 try:
 os.rmdir(path)
 except OSError:
 onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
 else:
 try:
 # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
 raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
 except OSError:
 onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())
 finally:
 os.close(fd)
 else:
 return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)

9 shutil.move(src, dst)
递归的移动文件

def move(src, dst):

 real_dst = dst
 if os.path.isdir(dst):
 if _samefile(src, dst):
 # We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,
 # perform the rename anyway.
 os.rename(src, dst)
 return
 real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
 if os.path.exists(real_dst):
 raise Error("Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst)
 try:
 os.rename(src, real_dst)
 except OSError:
 if os.path.islink(src):
 linkto = os.readlink(src)
 os.symlink(linkto, real_dst)
 os.unlink(src)
 elif os.path.isdir(src):
 if _destinsrc(src, dst):
 raise Error("Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself '%s'." % (src, dst))
 copytree(src, real_dst, symlinks=True)
 rmtree(src)
 else:
 copy2(src, real_dst)
 os.unlink(src)
 return real_dst

10 make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None)

压缩打包

def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,
 dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None):

 save_cwd = os.getcwd()
 if root_dir is not None:
 if logger is not None:
 logger.debug("changing into '%s'", root_dir)
 base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name)
 if not dry_run:
 os.chdir(root_dir)
 if base_dir is None:
 base_dir = os.curdir
 kwargs = {'dry_run': dry_run, 'logger': logger}
 try:
 format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]
 except KeyError:
 raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format)
 func = format_info[0]
 for arg, val in format_info[1]:
 kwargs[arg] = val
 if format != 'zip':
 kwargs['owner'] = owner
 kwargs['group'] = group
 try:
 filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs)
 finally:
 if root_dir is not None:
 if logger is not None:
 logger.debug("changing back to '%s'", save_cwd)
 os.chdir(save_cwd)
 return filename

base_name： 压缩打包后的文件名或者路径名
format： 压缩或者打包格式 "zip", "tar", "bztar"or "gztar"
root_dir : 将哪个目录或者文件打包（也就是源文件）

>>> shutil.make_archive('tarball','gztar',root_dir='copytree_test')
[root@slyoyo python_test]# ls -l
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 14 19:36 copytree_copy
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 14 19:36 copytree_test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 21:12 tarball.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 python python 79 May 14 05:17 test1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:10 test2