以上相应版本查询的返回元组和其形参对应.

platform.system()
'Linux' # python 3.3.2+  bits on debian jessie  bits
'Windows' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1  bits
'Windows' # python 3.3.2  bits on windows 8.1  bits
'Darwin' # python 3.4.1  bits on mac os x 10.9.4
'Java' 

platform.version()
'#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)' # python 3.3.2+  bits on debian jessie  bits
'6.2.9200' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1  bits
'6.2.9200' # python 3.3.2  bits on windows 8.1  bits
'Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_' # python 3.4.1  bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform()
'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1'

win32_ver()
('7', '6.1.7601', 'SP1', u'Multiprocessor Free')

platform.dist()
('debian', 'jessie/sid', '') # python 3.3.2+  bits on debian jessie  bits

系统信息

('bit', 'ELF') # python 3.3.2+  bits on debian jessie  bits
('32bit', 'WindowsPE') # python 2.7.2 32 bits on windows 7  bits
('bit', 'WindowsPE') # python 3.3.2  bits on wndows 8.1  bits
('bit', '') # python 3.4.1  bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.machine()
'x86_' # python 3.3.2+  bits on debian jessie  bits
'AMD' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1  bits
'AMD' # python 3.3.2  bits on windows 8.1  bits
'x86_' # python 3.4.1  bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.node()
'Hom-T400' 

platform.processor()
'Intel Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel'

platform.uname()
('Windows', 'Hom-T400', '7', '6.1.7601', 'AMD', 'Intel Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel')

uname_result(system='Linux', node='work', release='3.10-3-amd', version='#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)', machine='x86_', processor='') # python 3.3.2+  bits on debian jessie  bits
 
uname_result(system='Windows', node='work-xxx', release='8', version='6.2.9200', machine='AMD', processor='Intel Family 6 Model 58 Stepping 9,GenuineIntel') # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1  bits
 
uname_result(system='Darwin', node='mba', release='13.3.0', version='Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_', machine='x86_', processor='i386') # python 3.4.1  bits on mac os x 10.9.4

Python相关

'3.3.2+' # python 3.3.2+  bits on debian jessie  bits
'3.3.3' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1  bits
python_version_tuple()
('2', '7', '2')
python_build()
('default', 'Jun 12 2011 15:08:59')
python_compiler()
'MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)'
pl.python_implementation()
'CPython'

获取用户名：

>>> import getpass 
>>> getpass.getuser() 
'root'

获取环境变量：

>>> import os
>>> import pwd
>>> os.environ['LANG']
'en_US.UTF-8'
>>> print os.getenv('LANG')
en_US.UTF-8
>>> print os.getenv('PWD')
/root
>>> print os.getenv('HOME')
/root
>>> print os.getenv('USER')
root
>>> print os.getenv('HOSTNAME')
localhost.localdomain
>>> print os.getenv('SHELL')
/bin/bash
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='root', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=0, pw_gid=0, pw_gecos='root', pw_dir='/root', pw_shell='/bin/bash')
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0] #获得用户名
'root'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[5] #获得家目录
'/root'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[6] #获得shell
'/bin/bash'

还有个os.environ.get，会返回所有环境变量为一个字典