最近要获取服务器各种参数，包括cpu、内存、磁盘、型号等信息。试用了Hyperic HQ、Nagios和Snmp，它们功能都挺强大的，但是于需求不是太符，亦或者太heavy。

于是乎想到用python执行shell获取这些信息，python执行shell脚本有以下三种方法：

1. os.system()

代码如下:

os.system('ls')
#返回结果0或者1，不能得到命令的输出

代码如下:

output = os.popen('ls')
print output.read()
#打印出的是命令输出，但是得不到执行的返回值

代码如下:

(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')
print status, output
#打印出返回值和命令输出

代码如下:

'''
Created on Dec 10, 2014

@author: liufei
'''
#coding=utf-8
import time, sched, os, string
from datetime import datetime
import MySQLdb

s = sched.scheduler(time.time,time.sleep)

def event_func():
try:
#主机名
name = os.popen(""" hostname """).read()
#cpu数目
cpu_num = os.popen(""" cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l """).read()
#内存大小
mem = os.popen(""" free | grep Mem | awk '{print $2}' """).read()
#机器品牌
brand = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Vendor' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()
#型号
model = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()
#磁盘大小
storage = os.popen(""" fdisk -l | grep 'Disk /dev/sd' | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0}{sum=sum+$3}END{print sum}' """).read()
#mac地址
mac = os.popen(""" ifconfig -a | grep HWaddr | head -1 | awk '{print $5}' """).read()

name = name.replace(" ","").lstrip()
cpu_num = cpu_num.replace(" ","").lstrip()
memory_gb = round(string.atof(mem.replace(" ","").lstrip())/1000.0/1000.0, 1)
brand = brand.replace(" ","").lstrip()
model = model.replace(" ","").lstrip()
storage_gb = storage.replace(" ","").lstrip()
mac = mac.replace(" ","").lstrip()

print name
print cpu_num
print memory_gb
print storage_gb
print brand
print model
print mac

conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='xx.xx.xx.xx',user='USERNAME',passwd='PASSWORD',db='DBNAME',port=3306)
cur=conn.cursor()
cur.execute('select mac from servers where mac=%s',mac)
data = cur.fetchone()

if data is None:
value = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, datetime.now(), datetime.now()]
cur.execute("insert into servers(name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, created_at, updated_at) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",value)
else:
value1 = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, datetime.now(), mac]
cur.execute("update servers set name=%s,brand=%s,model=%s,memory_gb=%s,storage_gb=%s,cpu_num=%s, updated_at=%s where mac=%s",value1)

conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])

def perform(inc):
s.enter(inc,0,perform,(inc,))
event_func()

def mymain(inc=10):
s.enter(0,0,perform,(inc,))
s.run()

if __name__ == "__main__":
mymain()

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。