众所周知，python是支持多线程的，而且是native的线程，其中threading是对Thread模块做了包装，可以更加方面的被使用，threading模块里面主要对一些线程操作对象化了，创建了Thread的类。

使用线程有两种模式，一种是创建线程要执行的函数，把这个函数传递进Thread对象里，让它来执行，一种是直接从Thread继承，创建一个新的class，把线程执行的代码放到这个新的类里面，用例如下：

①使用Thread来实现多线程

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import string
import threading 
import time

def threadMain(a):
 global count,mutex
 #获得线程名
 threadname = threading.currentThread().getName()

 for x in xrange(0,int(a)):
 #获得锁
 mutex.acquire()
 count += 1
 #释放锁
 mutex.release()
 print threadname,x,count
 time.sleep()

def main(num):
 global count,mutex
 threads = []
 count = 1
 #创建一个锁
 mutex = threading.Lock()
 #先创建线程对象
 for x in xrange(0,num):
 threads.append(threading.Thread(target = threadMain,args=(10,)))
 for t in threads:
 t.start()
 for t in threads:
 t.join()

if __name__ == "__main__":
 num = 4
 main(num);

②使用threading来实现多线程

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import threading
import time

class Test(threading.Thread):
 def __init__(self,num):
 threading.Thread.__init__(self):
 self._run_num = num

 def run(self):
 global count,mutex
 threadName = threading.currentThread.getName()
 for x in xrange(0,int(self._run_num)):
 mutex.acquire()
 count += 1
 mutex.release()
 print threadName,x,count
 time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
 global count,mutex
 threads = []
 num = 4
 count = 1
 mutex.threading.Lock()
 for x in xrange(o,num):
 threads.append(Test(10))
 #启动线程
 for t in threads:
 t.start()
 #等待子线程结束
 for t in threads:
 t.join()

二：optparser VS getopt

①使用getopt模块处理Unix模式的命令行选项

getopt模块用于抽出命令行选项和参数，也就是sys.argv，命令行选项使得程序的参数更加灵活，支持短选项模式和长选项模式

例：python scriptname.py –f “hello” –directory-prefix=”/home” –t --format ‘a'‘b'

getopt函数的格式：getopt.getopt([命令行参数列表]，‘短选项',[长选项列表])

其中短选项名后面的带冒号(:)表示该选项必须有附加的参数

长选项名后面有等号(=)表示该选项必须有附加的参数

返回options以及args

options是一个参数选项及其value的元组((‘-f','hello'),(‘-t',''),(‘—format',''),(‘—directory-prefix','/home'))

args是除去有用参数外其他的命令行 输入(‘a',‘b')

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import sys
import getopt

def Usage():
 print "Usage: %s [-a|-0|-c] [--help|--output] args..."%sys.argv[0]

if __name__ == "__main__":
 try:
 options,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"ao:c",['help',"putput="]):
 print options
 print "
"
 print args

 for option,arg in options:
 if option in ("-h","--help"):
 Usage()
 sys.exit(1)
 elif option in ('-t','--test'):
 print "for test option"
 else:
 print option,arg
 except getopt.GetoptError:
 print "Getopt Error"
 Usage()
 sys.exit(1)

②optparser模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import optparser
def main():
 usage = "Usage: %prog [option] arg1,arg2..."
 parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
 parser.add_option("-v","--verbose",action="store_true",dest="verbose",default=True,help="make lots of noise [default]")
 parser.add_option("-q","--quiet",action="store_false",dest="verbose",help="be vewwy quiet (I'm hunting wabbits)")
 parser.add_option("-f","--filename",metavar="FILE",help="write output to FILE")
 parser.add_option("-m","--mode",default="intermediate",help="interaction mode: novice, intermediate,or expert [default: %default]")
 (options,args) = parser.parse_args()
 if len(args) != 1:
 parser.error("incorrect number of arguments")
 if options.verbose:
 print "reading %s..." %options.filename 

if __name__ == "__main__":
 main()