Angular表单验证分为两种验证：1.内置验证（required，minlength等）；2.自定义验证（正则表达式）。
接下来我们用一个注册账号的demo来看一下这两种验证是如何实现的。
项目界面
一、内置验证
其中账户名有required验证和最短长度验证，其他两个只有required验证
1.项目目录
----------app.component.ts
----------app.component.html
----------app.component.css
----------app.module.ts
2.项目代码
app.module.ts
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';//表单验证必须导入这两个模块
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
@NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent
],
imports: [
BrowserModule,
FormsModule, //注册模块
ReactiveFormsModule
],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
app.component.ts
import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'app';
Form:FormGroup;
data={
name:"",
email:"",
tel:""
}
ngOnInit(): void {
this.Form = new FormGroup({
'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [
Validators.required,
Validators.minLength(4)
]),
'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, Validators.required),
'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)
});
}
get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }
get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }
get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }
}
简单来说，在使用验证表单的时候，大致分为四步：
（1）导入相关模块FormGroup, FormControl, Validators；
（2）声明表单验证变量From:FromGroup；
（3）定义验证规则；
（4）通过它所属的控件组（FormGroup）的get方法来访问表单控件
app.component.html
<div class="wrapper"> <div class="row"> <p class="title-wrapper">注册账号</p> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form"> <label for="name">账户名：</label> <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/> <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="name.errors.required"> 请输入长度账户名！ </div> <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength"> 账户名长度不小于4！ </div> </div> <label for="email">邮箱：</label> <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email"><br/> <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="email.errors.required"> 请输入邮箱！ </div> </div> <label for="tel">电话:</label> <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel"> <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required"> 请输入电话！ </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <button class="btn btn-primary confirm">确认</button> </div> </div>
app.component.css
*{
font-size: 18px;
}
.wrapper{
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top:10%;
width:30%;
height: 20%;
border:1px solid black;
border-radius: 10px;
}
.title-wrapper{
margin: 0 auto;
padding-top: 20px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
width:370px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 800;
}
label{
display: inline-block;
width:72px;
}
.contain-wrapper{
width: 300px;
margin:0 auto;
}
.confirm{
margin-top:20px;
width:100%;
}
3.项目效果
二、自定义验证
自定义表单验证，需要创建自定义验证器，我们接下来更改邮箱的验证，将其改为有格式的验证，而不是单纯的存在验证，首先我们来看一下项目目录的更改
1.项目目录
----------app.component.ts
----------app.component.html
----------app.component.css
----------app.module.ts
----------emailAuthentication.ts
2.项目代码
app.module.ts
注册自定义验证器EmailValidatorDirective
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { EmailValidatorDirective } from './emailAuthentication';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
@NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent,
EmailValidatorDirective
],
imports: [
BrowserModule,
FormsModule,
ReactiveFormsModule
],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
emailAuthentication.ts
import { Directive, Input, OnChanges, SimpleChanges } from '@angular/core';
import { AbstractControl, NG_VALIDATORS, Validator, ValidatorFn, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
/** A hero's name can't match the given regular expression */
export function emailValidator(nameRe: RegExp): ValidatorFn {
return (control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } => {
const forbidden = !nameRe.test(control.value);
return forbidden ? { 'forbiddenName': { value: control.value } } : null;
};
}
@Directive({
selector: '[appForbiddenName]',
providers: [{ provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useExisting: EmailValidatorDirective, multi: true }]
})
export class EmailValidatorDirective implements Validator {
@Input() forbiddenName: string;
validate(control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {
return this.forbiddenName ? emailValidator(new RegExp(this.forbiddenName, 'i'))(control)
: null;
}
}
app.component.ts
import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
import { emailValidator } from './emailAuthentication'; //导入emailValidator自定义验证器
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'app';
//email的正则表达式
emailExp = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+(.[a-zA-Z0-9_-])+/ ;
Form:FormGroup;
data={
name:"",
email:"",
tel:""
}
ngOnInit(): void {
this.Form = new FormGroup({
'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [
Validators.required,
Validators.minLength(4)
]),
'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, [
Validators.required,
emailValidator(this.emailExp) //自定义验证器
]),
'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)
});
}
get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }
get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }
get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }
}
app.component.html
<div class="wrapper"> <div class="row"> <p class="title-wrapper">注册账号</p> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form"> <label for="name">账户名：</label> <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/> <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="name.errors.required"> 请输入账户名！ </div> <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength"> 账户名长度不小于4！ </div> </div> <label for="email">邮箱：</label> <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email" required><br/> <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="email.errors.forbiddenName"> 请输入正确格式的邮箱！ </div> </div> <label for="tel">电话:</label> <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel"> <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required"> 请输入电话！ </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <button class="btn btn-primary confirm" [disabled]="Form.invalid" >确认</button> </div> </div>
在最后确认的时候，我们设置一下按钮的disabled属性，在表单验证不通过的时候，确认按钮是点击不了的，显示不可点击状态。[disabled]="Form.invalid"。
3.项目效果