前言

本文主要介绍的是关于.NET Core单文件发布静态编译AOT CoreRT，将.NET Core应用打包成一个可执行文件并包含运行时。

支持Windows, MacOS and Linux x w/ RyuJIT codegen。

示例项目：

https://github.com/dotnet/corert/tree/master/samples/WebApi

下面来实际体验。

首先确保安装C++编译环境，以及.NET Core 2.0 以上版本SDK。

新建WebAPI应用

打开命令提示符，输入如下：

dotnet new webapi -o zeroapi

cd zeroapi

新建WebAPI应用。

添加CoreRT到项目

目前CoreRT还是alpha版，在myget上有包。

首先添加一个nuget.config

dotnet new nuget

然后在 <packageSources> 节点添加如下：

<add key="dotnet-core" value="https://dotnet.myget.org/F/dotnet-core/api/v3/index.json" />
<add key="nuget.org" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" protocolVersion="3" />

接着添加Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler包引用：

dotnet add package Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler -v 1.0.0-alpha-*

替换默认services并处理反射

打开Startup.cs ,将 services.AddMvc(); 替换成 services.AddMvcCore().AddJsonFormatters();

接着创建一个rd.xml 配置文件，用于反射处理运行时，确保反射程序集编译到程序中。

rd.xml配置文件如下：

<Directives>
 <Application>
 <Assembly Name="zeroapi" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.KestrelServerOptionsSetup" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel" Dynamic="Required All"/>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Libuv">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Libuv.LibuvTransportFactory" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Libuv.LibuvTransportOptions" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection" Dynamic="Required All">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DefaultServiceProviderFactory" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteExpressionBuilder" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteValidator" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1[[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions,Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core]]" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1[[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions,Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core]]" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1[[Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console.ConsoleLoggerOptions,Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console]]" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Internal.RoutingMarkerService" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.RouterMiddleware" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Tree.TreeRouteBuilder" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.DefaultInlineConstraintResolver" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.RouteOptions" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json.Internal.MvcJsonMvcOptionsSetup" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.MvcJsonOptions" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.AuthorizationOptions" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.HttpContextFactory" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting" Dynamic="Required All">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.ApplicationLifetime" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Logger`1[[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost,Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting]]" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LoggerFactory" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console.ConsoleLoggerOptions" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console.ConsoleLoggerProvider" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug.DebugLogger" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug.DebugLoggerProvider" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="System.Linq.Expressions">
 <Type Name="System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionCreator`1[[Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.ObjectConstructor`1[[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib]],Newtonsoft.Json]]" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionCreator`1[[System.Func`2[[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib],[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib]],System.Private.CoreLib]]" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool.DefaultObjectPoolProvider" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Newtonsoft.Json">
 <Type Name="Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.ObjectConstructor`1[[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib]]" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter">
 <Type Name="System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="System.ComponentModel.StringConverter" Dynamic="Required All" />
 <Type Name="System.ComponentModel.Int32Converter" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json">
 <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json.JsonConfigurationSource" Dynamic="Required All" />
 </Assembly>
 </Application>
</Directives>

其中如果你要替换成自己的程序，更改 <Assembly Name="zeroapi" Dynamic="Required All" /> 中的Name。

打开zeroapi.csproj

在<PropertyGroup>节点下将 <RdXmlFile>rd.xml</RdXmlFile> 加入。

接着将 <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.0.3" /> 替换成如下：

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore" Version="2.0.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core" Version="2.0.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json" Version="2.0.1" />

接着将 ValuesController 更改一下，确保功能正常，如下：

public class ValuesController
 {
 [HttpGet("/")]
 public string Hello() => "Hello World! LineZero AOT";
 // GET api/values
 [HttpGet("/api/values")]
 public IEnumerable<string> Get()
 {
 return new string[] { "AOT", "CoreRT" };
 }
 // GET api/values/5
 [HttpGet("/api/values/{id}")]
 public string Get(int id)
 {
 return "Your value is " + id;
 }
 }

程序改造完成，接着最重要的发布。

还原并发布

发布之前，使用dotnet run 确保功能正常运行。

发布请打开 x Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2017 ，注意一定在此命令行发布。在开始菜单找到 Visual Studio 2017，打开就能找到。

发布命令还是  dotnet publish -r <RID> -c <Configuration>

这里发布Windows 位 dotnet publish -r win-x -c release，初次的话会默认还原对应的包，需要一些时间。

发布完成后，打开bin\x\release\netcoreapp2.0\win-x\publish 文件夹，里面zeroapi.exe即为最终文件，执行即可。

可以看到最终大小为21m左右。然后访问http://localhost:5000/ 如图：

控制台Demo

新建一个控制台应用，使用AOT发布。

单纯控制台，没有反射的内容，无需要rd.xml 文件。

代码如下：

class Program
 {
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
 Console.WriteLine("LineZero AOT Demo！");
 Console.ReadKey();
 }
 }

最终 dotnet publish -r win-x -c release 发布

最终单个文件大小不到4m！

目前该技术还是早期版本，期待微软最终带到正式版。

GitHub：https://github.com/dotnet/corert

总结