| 课题 | Lesson 10 The Men in Asbestos |
| 教学目标和要求: Teaching objectives 1. Understand the literary genre called “literary dystopia” 2. Learn new words and expressions; useful phrases and idioms 3. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text 4. Raise some thoughts about the future of the human kind 5. Master the usage of impersonal It and comparison | |
| 教学主要内容: Major Steps 1.Introduction 2.Warm-up activities 3.Detailed study of the text ﹡study of important language points and expressions ﹡comprehension question ﹡structure analysis and theme 4.Text appreciation 5.Word study 6.Grammar 7.Exercise check-up | |
| 教学重点和难点: Emphasis in Teaching: Understand the main idea of the text. Difficult Points in Teaching: 1. Deal with some difficult points of the text 2.Understand the literary genre called “literary dystopia” | |
| 教学方法和使用教具: Teaching methods 1.Task-based Language Teaching Approach (pair work and team work) 2.Interactive teaching approach Teaching aids 1.Teaching notes prepared by the teacher 2.1 blackboard 3.A Computer and Overhead projector | |
| 提问讨论: Discussion: 1) What kind of a future do you think is in store for us? Are you optimistic or pessimistic? 2) The author seems to think that a life without hard work, death and hunger, worries and anxieties, is not only impossible, but also undesirable. Do you agree? 3) Would you enjoy the world of future described in the text? Why/Why not? Give two or three reasons. Questions on pages 331-332 in the textbook. | |
| 布置作业: 1) Recite the useful phrases and idioms on page 3 2) Read George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty‐Four (1949) and share information in clas 3) Finish the exercises | |
Introduction to the text
1) about the author (see notes 1) on page363)
2) about “dystopia”
“Dystopia”, a modern term invented as the opposite of utopia, and applied to any alarmingly unpleasant imaginary world, usually of the projected future. The term is also applied to fictional works depicting such worlds. A significant form of science fiction and of modern satire, dystopian writing is exemplified in H. G. Wells’s The Time Machine (15), George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty‐Four (1949). A negative utopia: a place where instead of all being well, all is not well. Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984 are the best-known fictional examples.
3) about the text
This story is a good example of a genre common in the West during the 20th century, a genre that could be called “literary dystopia” (meaning the opposite of utopia). Like “Brave New World” and 1984, “The Man in Asbestos” paints the future in darkly pessimistic colors.
In the “new society” presented by Leacock, there is no hunger, war, or disease; natural disasters and gender inequality have been eliminated, but life is dull, empty and meaningless. We must ask why such incredible human achievements are shown as negative and bleak. The clear implication is that such momentous problems as hunger, war, disease, natural disasters and inequality are what give life interest, fullness and purpose; in other words, these are the thing that makes us human. If that were the case, it would mean that they should not be eliminated. Such reasoning is no more than a justification of the status quo and a plea for the end of human progress. It can only appeal to people in positions of privilege and personal comfort.
On the other hand, the article perhaps does raise a thought provoking question. In our battle to conquer human scourges, we many indeed forget that a world of complete bliss is impossible. Human beings are always going to have problems. When old problems are resolved, new problems will occur. And to solve those new problems, human beings have to continue to work hard, to make painstaking efforts, to run risks, and to suffer. Pain, anxiety, failure, sacrifice will still be part of human experience. Indeed, a world without these is in not only impossible, but also undesirable, because perfection means the end of progress and the end of probing. And that will be the biggest problem human beings will have to deal with.
Scholars have expressed the concern that science has been busy finding answers, but it has not bothered to ask the right questions. Success, progress, achievement all have to be measured by some value system. No doubt, the “new society” presented by Leacock is considered a perfect paradise by the “Men in Asbestos”. The question therefore is: what kind of a life do we want? A life of complete idleness or a life of free, and creative work? A life of mechanic certainty of a life of chances, risks, and changes? A life of reduced or even eliminated desires or a life of growing satisfaction of increased desires? A life of dull uniformity and conformity or a life of colorful diversity?
If we can prove the worries of Stephen Leacock and George Orwell to be unwarranted with facts but not words, perhaps they might feel happy too because their warnings have not been given in vain.
Warm-up activities
Have you read a novel or seen a film which describes a future society?
Detailed study of the text: difficult words, phrases, and sentences
1) passage n.
A: the act of going from one place to another
the passage of time
B: a way by which one passes; a hall or corridor
The two buildings are linked by a long passage.
C: legal enactment
The opposition party tried to prevent the passage of the new tax law.
D: a single clause or portion of a book
This is a beautiful passage from “A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens.
2) faint adj. A: feeble; adequate
His strength grew faint.
B: not loud or clear
The sounds grew fainter.
I haven’t the faintest idea of what you mean.
3) spring v.
A: to leap; bound
spring to one’s feet; spring out of bed
B: to arise; appear
A breeze has sprung up.
The water springs from the ground.
4) Momentous (things): important, significant, decisive, earthshaking, epoch-making, far-reaching
5) keep track of: to remain in touch with
4) From jealousy: out of jealousy. Compare all these prepositions or prepositional phrases that may be used to express a reason:
Because of—due to; for the sake of; owing to; out of; from; with (His face was blue with cold.); for (She cried for joy.)
5) It seemed unfair …a witness of its marvels
It seemed unfair that other writers should be able to drop into a sleep of four or five hundred years at whatever time, and to go right into a distant future without hesitation and see the wonderful changes that would have taken place during this long time.
6) the very existence of the outer world was hushed(to make silent or quiet)—the world around us had become silent and still.
7) The era of the conquest: It refers to man’s conquest of nature. UP until very recently, people still believed that by relying on science and technology, we would be able to make nature serve our needs. We would conquer nature as its master. We would no longer be at the mercy of natural forces.
8) I must go at it systematically.
I must do/ work at/ deal with it in an orderly way.
9) Destined to move forward: Based on Darwinian theories of evolution, through struggle for survival and natural selection, people believe that humanity is sure/ certain/ bound/ destined to move forward, since the inevitable law is the survival of the fittest, progress is not only desirable, it is inevitable.
10) In place of … the same look of infinite age upon them:
in place of—instead of
roaring thoroughfare—very lively or thriving main street
moss-grown desolation—a wasteland covered with moss
no wires—no electric wires
to and fro—back and forth
11) It died out of itself
die out—cease existing completely
of itself—by itself
12) You were all caught in the cogs of your own machine.
You could not escape the consequences of your industrialization.
You could become the slave of your own machines.
13) The revolt of women and the fall of Fashion: referring to women’s liberation movement.
14) My old time harangue…and I stopped.
harangue—speech of strong feeling usually delivered before a gathering
sheer—pure, nothing but
decorative dress—dress not to keep one warm but to make one look beautiful; fashionable clothes
15) Well, we hunted them down: We searched until we found them (one by one)
down—adv. to its source
Other examples: They decide to track the rumor down.
He was young and strong. It took only 10 minutes for him to run the drug dealer down.
16) Yes, but give a rest to the rest of the corridor:
“The rest of the corridor” obviously refers to the other people who live on that floor of hotel.
17) I have heard about your arrangements with the woman.
He was of course referring to marriage. But because he either did not know about love and marriage or did not care or both, he did not know how describe this relationship.
18) Agriculture went overboard. Agriculture dies out.
to go overboard—to fall over the side of the boat into the water.
19)…and how much of the texture of life itself had been bound up in the keen effort of it. The texture of life: “Texture” originally refers to the arrangement of the threads in a textile fabric. Here is means the distinctive or identifying character. “The texture of life” means the kind of life or the quality of life.
20) “Stop,” I said, my brain reeling. “Tell me one thing at a time.”
My brain reeling—my head seemed to be moving round and round in a whirling motion. I felt dizzy, bewildered, completely puzzled.
One thing at a time—one by one
21) I stood riveted: I stood still as if fastened to the ground with a rivet.
22) I tried to pull my senses together
I tried to calm down and think.
23) I nodded assent: I nodded in agreement. “Assent” is not the object of the verb “nod”.
24) Eating and all that goes with it
Eating and everything related to it
Questions for comprehension (on page367)
Text structure analysis
Part I (para. 1-5)
Main idea: Why I wanted to have a sleep of four or five centuries to go into the future society
Part II (para. 6-2 from the bottom)
Main idea: I witnessed the situation in the future society during the long sleep
Part III (the last para.)
Main idea: I woke up and returned back to the reality.
Topic discussion
1) What kind of a future do you think is in store for us? Are you optimistic? or pessimistic?
2) The author seems to think that a life without hard work, death and hunger, worries and anxieties, is not only impossible, but also undesirable. Do you agree?
Text appreciation
Introduce literary genre: Utopia and Dystopia
Utopia: Utopia belongs to one type of social theory, it attempts to present several desirable values and practices to a so-called ideal country or society, which makes these values and practices themselves. Generally speaking, the author of utopia doesn’t believe these countries will come true; at least they could not turn to reality in the form of their perfect description. As to the utopia, one definition is regarded as “a perfect ideal world”, or “a perfect ultimate solution”.
There is one point which could distinguish the ideal from utopia, that is, not every ideal could be realized.Yet, the utopia never could. This conception just exists in the consciousness and character of human beings. The utopia has to remain perfect quality, while the ideal doesn’t. Several of developing countries and races are embracing an ideal------modernization, which doesn’t equal “civilian paradise”. The people in pursuit of this ideal don’t need to consider it as an ultimate solution. The ideal is not always the criticism and negative of reality, yet the utopia emerges on the contrary of the reality. Thus it can be seen, there is a great difference between ideal and utopia.Nevertheless, they have a very common ground, that is, the instinct of the hopes and dreams of human beings. The ideal is the general form of instinct and the utopia highest.
Dystopia: a modern term invented as the opposite of utopia, and applied to any alarmingly unpleasant imaginary world, usually of the projected future. The term is also applied to fictional works depicting such worlds. A significant form of science fiction and of modern satire, dystopian writing is exemplified in H. G. Wells’s The Time Machine (15), George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty‐Four (1949). A negative utopia: a place where instead of all being well, all is not well. Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984 are the best-known fictional examples.
Word study
Refer to the notes on pages 365-367 in the textbook.
Grammar
Explain the rules about the impersonal it and comparison
Exercise check-up
| Check the answers to the exercises on pages 368-383. |