一.there be 句型基本认识
1、定义:There be句型表示某处有某物或某人。there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。
这种句型之所以要用there作形式主语而把“实义主语”置于动词之后正是为了让这种“实义主语”称为信息中心,以达到引出新话题的目的。
2、句型构成: There十连系动词be+主语(人/物)+地点(介词短语或副词)
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
名词及主谓一致:①当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时, be动词用is;②当主语是可数名词复数时,其be动词就用are;
③当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,(遵循就近原则)be动词要根据离它最近的名词的数来确定be的形式。
对应例子:① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
②There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。
③There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
二. there be 句型的各种句型转化
(一)如何改成否定句:直接在be后加上not或no即可。
例如:
1There are some pictures on the wall.
→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
2There is a bike behind the tree.
→ There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
注意:肯定句中出现some改成否定句或者疑问句时要改成any,出现and要改为or。
not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。
(二)如何变成一般疑问句:把be动词提到句首,句末句号改成问号即可。同时应注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any,而and要改成or。
例:There is some water on Mars.
→ Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water.
→Are there any fish in the water?
在构成一般疑问句时, 其句型结构为:
(1) Is + there + a/an+单数名词+介词短语?
(2) Is + there+不可数名词+介词短语?
(3) Are + there + any +复数名词+介词短语?
(4) Are + there + any + 不可数名词 + 介词短语?
回答用Yes, there is/are. 或No, there isn’t/aren’t.
如:—Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗?
—Yes,there is.有
—No, there isn’t. 没有。
—Are there any children near the door?门边有些孩子吗?
—Yes, there are. 是的,有。
—No, there aren’t. 不是,没有。
(三)如何改成特殊疑问句:必须了解是对什么进行提问,懂得用哪个词去发问。
★对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who 引导,
当主语是物的时候,则用what 引导。
注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
★对地点状语提问:则用where 引导。
如:There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
★对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构,以下两种句型主要用来询问“某处有多少人或物”
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
如:How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?
How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生?
三.there be 句型的时态。
be可以有现在时(there is/are)、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)。
如: ---There ______ a concert this evening. ---Yeah. Exciting news!
A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have
四.There + be这种结构中, 谓语动词除be之外,还可用live, lie, stand等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词作为谓语动词放在there be句型中。
如: Long, long ago, there lived a king in this area. 很久很久以前有个国王住在这儿。
五.there be 句型与have(has)句型的区别
There be句型与have(has)均表示“有”,但There be句型强调“某处有某人/某物”,着重“存在”的状态;have则强调“某人有某物”,着重“拥有”。
例:(1)He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
(3)There are three children in my family.
我家有三个孩子。
(4)I have three children. 我有三个孩子。下载本文