| 熟记最常用的8种时态与时间状语的搭配 | |
| 一般现在时 | every …, sometimes, often, frequently, usually on Sundays … |
| 现在进行时 | now, at this moment, at this time ,at present… |
| 现在完成时 | since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past years, recently, lately… |
| 一般过去时 | yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now |
| 过去进行时 | this morning, the whole morning, all day, from nine to ten last evening… when, while |
| 过去完成时 | …before/by/until/by the end of+ “表示过去的某一时间” |
| 一般将来时 | next…, tomorrow, in… |
| 过去将来时 | 多用在间接引语中(宾语从句)表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作 |
| 一般时 | 进行时 | 完成时 | 完成进行时 | |
| 现在 | ||||
| 过去 | ||||
| 将来 | ||||
| 过去将来 |
A.一般现在时与现在进行时
| 一般现在时 | 用以说明客观事实或情况,或用于强调动作的永久性、经常性或反复性 |
| 现在进行时 | 用以强调动作正在进行,它不仅表示动作是暂时的,也表示动作常含有未完性。 |
The writer ____________(write) a story now.那为作家正在写一个故事。
He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn’t writing at present.
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle ________ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day.
解题关键: 时间状语为day after day, 且根据第二句的warm用了一般现在时可知此处表示目前的情况, 所以用一般现在时。
答案判定: goes
(2015·北京高考)I (write) to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.
解题关键: 此句是书信的开头语, 强调现在正在写信, 故用现在进行时。
答案判定: am writing
B.一般过去时与现在完成时
| 一般过去时 | ①强调动作发生在过去某一时间, 不强调对现在造成的影响或结果; ②与表示过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间连用 |
| 现在完成时 | ①表示过去动作与现在有关系, 主要强调对现在造成的影响和结果; ②可与today, this week, since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用, 但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用 |
They went to Paris last year. 他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过, 不表明是否现在仍在那里)。
1.(2016北京)I ___________(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
2. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls ____________(give) up their heat and are now cold enough.
3.I _______(live) in London for many years, but I have never regretted moving back to China.
C. 一般过去时和过去进行时
| 一般过去时 | 表示一个过去完成的动作; 亦可表示过去某个时刻发生的单纯动作(侧重说明事实) |
| 过去进行时 | 表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作; 亦可表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)或者不断反复进行的动作 |
*I read a novel last night. (已经看完)。
D.过去完成时与一般过去时
一般过
| 去时 | 相对现在时刻而言,对过去事情的描述。 过去的一个动作、过去存在的一种状态及 过去的一个客观事实,与现在无关 |
| 过去完 成时 | 相对过去某个时间或动作而言,即“过去的过去” |
2. He ________ (write) a letter to her yesterday,but he had never even talked with her before.
1). He got up early, washed his face and then ________(go) to work.
如出现同一主语表示过去发生的连续几个动作(“连谓”)形式则只用一般过去时即可。
2). The next day, we got up early and preparing porridge at home.
3).(2016福建) ---Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere?
---He went to the library after breakfast and __________________(write) his essay there
ever since.
E. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
现在完
| 成时 | 表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止 已经完成, 体现动作的结果 “强调结果或动作已完成” |
| 现在完 成进行时 | a. 表示动作的未完成性 b. 表示动作的刚完结性 c. 表示延续至今的动作的连续性 或重复性 |
②I have been watching the TV series Nirvana in Fire these days. (仍在进行甚至仍将继续)
③ Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week. (延续至今动作的连续性反复性)(上星期,吉姆天天晚上都在给詹妮打电话)
④ You are out of breath . Have you been running?(你上气不接下气,是不是跑步来着) (表示动作的刚完结性)
2016北京 ---Excuse me , which movie are you waiting for?
---The new Star Wars. We _______________(wait) for here for more than two hours.
【典例剖析】单句改错
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)
Since then—for all these years —we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
几种时态的替代问题
A:一般现在时代替将来时
1.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。
2.表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动(这种用法主要用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。)也用一般现在时来代替将来时。
1). The museum _______(open) at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)
2) We will have to put off the sports meeting if it ______(rain) tomorrow.
3) I can’t leave unless my boss ______(agree).
B.现在进行时用来表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作,多与表示移动的动词come, go, arrive, leave ,fly, start等连用。
He is leaving for London.
Christmas is drawing near.
---It’s a pity that you didn’t talk much with Jack.
---Yes, the train ____________(leave) when I rushed to the station to see him off.
C:一般现在时代替完成时:
句型 “It is … since…”代替“It has been … since …”
It is (= has been) five years since we last met
D:一般现在时代替进行时:
在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。
如: Look, here ________(come) Mr. Li. 下载本文