英语里面最基本的句型有6种，其他句型都是各种句型的转换。
Note: Subject主语 Verb 谓语 Object宾语 Predicative表语 Complement补足语
1.S+V
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
The sun is shining.
We all breathe, eat, and drink.
They talked for half an hour.
Time flies.
They are palying.
2.S+V+O
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
He took his bag away.
Lilei help me finish my work.
She plans to travel in the coming May Day.
You can put the books in your bag.
Farmers grow lots of vegetables.
I hear that he will come tomorrow.
He ate the apple.
She asked the teacher for help.
3.S+V+P
The homework is very difficult for me.
The flowers on the mountain are colorful.
He is tall and strong.
The game is very funny.
It is jim, our English teacher.
句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1) 表示状态：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。
This kind of food tastes delicious.
He looks very happy.
I feel hungry.
The music sounds wonderful.
The meat smells bad.
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
The tree has grown much taller than before.
Xiao Li has become an English teacher now.
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.
Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
4.S+V+O+O
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
Yesterday her father taught her how to ride a bicycle.
The old man has brought us many books.
Please show me your picture.
I'll buy you a computer as long as you don t lose heart.
5.S+V+O+C
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
You should keep the room clean and tidy.
We made him our monitor.
His father told him not to play in the street.
My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.
Keep the children quiet, please.
We found him an honest person.
6.There be结构
构成： there + be + 主语 + 状语
意义：用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。
例： There is a book on the desk.
there be的否定和疑问
(1) 否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：
There are not any boats on the river. 河上没有船。
(2) 疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如：
Are there any boats on the river? 河上有船吗？
Yes, there are..(No, there are not.) 有。（没有。）
注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了，请看：
There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？
There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t there? 以前这里有棵高树，是不是？
There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服，对吗？
There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？
3. There be的数
be的数与其后名词的数一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。
如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。
比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.
练习：
1.There ________ a bed and a big wardrobe（衣柜） with a mirror．
2. There _____ two apples, one orange and one banana on the table.
3.______ there a radio on your desk?
4. ____ there a map on the wall? Yes, there ______.
5. There _____ some students in the classroom.
3. There be的时态
there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：
There was a sports meeting in the playground yesterday. 昨天运动场举行了一场运动会。
There will be (=There is going to be) a new film show on Monday. 星期一将有一场新电影放。
There is to be a concert at the school hall. 学校礼堂有场音乐会。
There have been a lot of accidents round here. 这里已经发生多起事故了。
He told me that there had been an argument between them. 他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。
练习：
1. What a rainy summer we’ve had! Yes, there______ only 3 sunny weekends the whole summer.
A have been B are C had been D has been
2.______ no coffee left and they had to make do with tea.
A It being B There being C It was D There was
3. If the storm had happened in the day-time, there ______ many more deaths.
A were B would have been C had been D would be
4. there be与have的比较
(1) 用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在，有”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物。
(2) 结构不同：there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have +sb./sth. else
There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。
She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)
翻译：一周有七天。A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.
注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。
5. there be结构的变体
该结构中，有时be还可以被live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词代替。如：
Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。
There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩二十八英镑了。
There seems little doubt that he is insane. 似乎没有多少疑问他的神经不正常。
练习：
1. Look! ______.
A There comes the bus B There the bus comes C The bus comes here D There does the bus come
2.______ Mary with a baby in here arms just when I was about to leave.
A There enter B There entered C Entered there D There entered into
6.there be的非限定形式
there be的非限定形式是there to be和there being，主要用来做介词或动词的宾语、主语或状语。
如：Have you ever thought of there being so many interesting films for you to choose from?没想到过有这么多有趣的电影供你选择吧？
There being a bus stop so near my house . 有公交车停在离我房子这么近的地方。
There having been no rain, the ground was dry. 由于没有下雨，地上很干燥。
It’s unusual for there to be so few people in the street. (=It’s unusual that there are so few people in the street) 这条街上这么少的人是不寻常的。
Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 你们要开个会讨论一下这个问题吗?
练习：
1. No one would have dreamed of such a good place．
A．there is B．there to be C．there being D．there was
2. I should prefer ________ no discussion of my private affairs．
A. there to be B．there being C．there is D．there are
7. there be的固定句型
There be sth to do 有某事要做
There be + some/no+ trouble/difficulty ( in) doing sth/with sth. 做某事(没)有困难
There be + some/no + doubt about sth 对某事(没)有疑问
There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth/that… (某人)做某事没有必要
There is no chance/possibility to do sth/of doing sth./that… 没有做某事的机会/可能性
There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争辩。
There is a time when...有做某事的一段时间
