African elephants have been slaughtered at alarming rate over the past decade, largely because they are the primary source of the world's ivory. Their population has been dwindled from 1.3 million in 1979 to just 625,000 today, and the rat
African elephants have been slaughtered at alarming rate over the past decade, largely because they are the primary source of the world's ivory. Their population has been dwindled from 1.3 million in 1979 to just 625,000 today, and the rate of killing has been accelerating in recent years because many of the older, bigger tusked animals have already been destroyed. "The poachers now must kill times as many elephants to get the same quantity of ivory," explained Curtis Bohlen, Senior vice president of the World Wildlife Fund.
Though its record on the environment has been spotty so far,the government last week took the lead in a major conservation issue by imposing a ban on ivory imports into the US.The move came just four days after a consortium of conservation groups, including the World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation International, called for that kind of action, and it made the US the first nation to forbid imports of both raw and finished ivory.The ban,says Bohlen,sends a very clear message to the ivory poachers that the game is over.
In the past African nations have resisted an ivory ban, but increasingly they realised that the decimation of the elephant herds poses a serious threat to their tourist business. Last month Tanzania and several other African countries called for an amendment to the 102 nation Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species that would make the ivory trade illegal worldwide. The amendment is expected to be approved at an October meeting in Geneva and to go into effect next January. But between now and then, conversationists contend, poachers may go on a rampage, killing elephants wholesale, so nations should unilaterally forbid imports right away. The US government brought that argument, and by week's end the twelve nation European Community had followed with its own ban.
1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A) African Elephants and the Ivory Trade.
B) A Bid to Save the Elephant.
C) The Poachers.
D) Elephants In Danger.
2.According to the passage, "dwindle" means ____.
A) decrease B) enlarge
C) weaken D) elimilate
3.Since many of the older, bigger- tusked animals have already been destroyed, what did the poacher do?
A) They gave up poaching.
B) They killed more elephants to get the same quantity of ivory.
C) To them, game is over.
D) They realized it was illegal to slaughter elephants.
4.Why did the African nations welcome an ivory ban?
A) The rate of killing has been accelerating.
B) The US government forbids imports of both raw and finished ivory.
C) They realised that the killing of elephants is a serious threat to their tourist business.
D) African people advocated an ivory ban.
5.What's the author's attitude?
A) Subjective. B) Neutral.
C) Possimistic. D) Active.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第61篇
More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to complete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance its import and export trade.
French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely though the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 per cent of workers income. Wages, it is true, had risen and there was full-time and overtime employment.
Taken together these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.
The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced.
Qualified workers produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.
1.According to the passage,which of the following is right?
A) The French workers were better paid than the workers in any other European country.
B) The French workers were able to save more money with the increase in his wages.
C) The French workers were anxious to work abroad.
D) The French workers were often unable to find work in France.
2.Which was not true in France?
A) Food cost were low.
B) Wages had increased.
C) The state paid family allowances.
D) There was overtime employment.
3.According to the passage,which of the following is charles Deschanel’s opinion?
A) He paid more attention to quality than to quantity.
B) The passage doesn’t mention it.
C) His opinion is totally different from others.
D) He was not right.
4.According to the passage, French production ______ .
A) was inadequate to meet the needs of the French people
B) was flooding the international market with inferior products
C) emphasized industrial production at the expense of agricultural production
D) was enough for the local market
5.Which of the following is right?
A) The French government prohibited French to work abroad.
B) The French government reduced taxes to fight inflation.
C) The French government paid family allowances and benefits.
D) The French government prohibited the French worker to join labor unions.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第60篇
Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age,for the same age,for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in pubic education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
"All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children——the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity ,whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-desabled or no
t -to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
1.In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ______.
A) the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society
B) exception children are more influenced by their families than normal children are
C) exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society
D) the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children
2.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ______ .
A) they are expected to be leaders of the society
B) they might become a burden of the society
C) they should fully develop their potentials
D) disabled children deserve special consideration
3.This passage mainly deals with ______ .
A) the differences of children in their learning capabilities
B) the definition of exceptional children in modern society
C) the special educational programs for exceptional children
D) the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
4.From its passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptiona l children ______ .
A) is now enjoying legal support
B) disagrees with the tradition of the country
C) was clearly stated by the country's founders
D) will exert great influence over court decisions
5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A) Exceptional children refer to those with mental or physical problems.
B) The author use “All men are created equal” to counter the school program for the exceptional children .
C) Recent court decisions confirm the rights of the exceptional children to enjoy the equal rights to learn with the normal ones.
D) Regular school programs fail to meet the requirements to develop the potential of exceptional children .
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第58篇
In one very long sentence,the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the peoples whose governments joined together to form the U.N.
"We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold suffering to man kind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be mentioned, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims".
The name "United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year's Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944.
These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference of International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R., the U. K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that U. N. officially came into existence.
The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations' Day.The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations in attaining these commonends.
No country takes precedence over another in the U. N.. Each member's rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U. N. has no right to intervene in any state's internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act according
to its principles of international peace and security. U. N. member must offer very assistance in an approved U. N. action and in no way assist states against which the U. N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.
1.The first stated aim of the U. N. was ______ .
A) to supervise peace and treatiesB) to revise international laws
C) to prevent a third world warD) to assist the “third world” countries
2.Under its charter, the U.N. guarantees ______ .
A) never to use armsB) to employ international machines
C) to better standards of lifeD) to promote economic and social advancement
3.The U. N. came into existence fully in ______ .
A) 1942 B) 1944C) 1940 D) 1945
4.The essential functions of the U. N. ______ .
A) are limited to discussions and debates B) include co-ordinating actions where necessary
C) are only concerned with human rights D) are economic and culture
5.A country's domestic policies ______ .
A) cannot be forcibly changed by the U. N. B) are often investigated by the U. N.
C) are often enforced by the U. N. D) are not allowed to benefit from U. N. advice or assistance
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第56篇
It is all very well to blame traffic congestion, the cost of petrol and the hectic pace modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another kettle of fish altogether. You might tolerate the odd road hog, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the
situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most levelheaded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to retaliate when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it.
Contrary to general opinion, young drivers (especially sports-car owners, who take pride in their driving) have better manners than their seniors. But this attitude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any quarter. This may be a commendable trait on the battlefield but is out of place on the roads.
Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signal cars to overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. Their drivers couldn't be bothered to select a lower gear. Others, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning.” Slanting matches and even punch-ups are quite common. It can't be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used: we can then call our dual carriageways duel carriageways, and solve a spelling problem in the process.
Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver maybe, he can't be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.
1.What does the author mean by “another kettle of fish altogether” (Para.1, sentence 3)?
A) completely another awkward and difficult situation B) another net of fish put together
C) completely another kind of situation D) completely another kind of driver
2.The phrase “get completely out of hand” (Para. 1, last sentence) stands for ____.
A) get without giving it much thought completely B) get out of order completely
C) get out of control completely D) get ready completely
3.Road courtesy is good sense because ____.
A) it minimizes friction
B) most drivers never make acknowledgements
C) it cuts down the number of drivers
D) most drivers will hit you if offended
4.A common example of bad manners on the roads is ____
A) not signaling when overtaking
B) that they couldn't be bothered to select a lower gear
C) preventing other vehicles from overtaking
D) making holes in the roads on purpose
5.According to the author, discourtesy on the roads is caused primarily by ____.
A) too many vehicles on the roads
B) the way people have to rush around nowadays
C) the aggressiveness of most drivers
D) too many pedestrians walking about
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第55篇
When I was growing up, the whole world was Jewish. The heroes were Jewish and the villains were Jewish. The landlord, the doctor, the grocer, your best friend, the village idiot, and the neighborhood bully: all Jewish. We were working class and immigrants as well, but that just come with the territory. Essentially we were Jews on the streets of New York. We learned to be kind, cruel, and smart and feeling in a mixture of language and gesture that was part street slang, part grade-school English, part kitchen Yiddish.
One Sunday evening when I was eight years old my parents and I were riding in the back seat of my rich uncle's car. We had been out for a ride and now we were back in the Bronx, headed for home. Suddenly, another car sideswiped us. My mother and aunt shrieked. My uncle swore softly. My father, in whose lap I was sitting, said out the window at the speeding car, “That's all right. Nothing but a few Jews in here.” In an instant I knew everything. I knew there was a world beyond our streets, and in that world my father was a humiliated man, without po
wer or standing.
When I was sixteen a girl in the next building had her nose straightened; we all went together to see Selma Shapiro lying in state, wrapped in bandages from which would emerge a person fit for life beyond the block. Three buildings away a boy went downtown for a job, and on his application he wrote “Anold Brown” instead of “Anold Braunowiitz.” The news swept through the neighborhood like a wild fire. A name change? What was happening here? It was awful; it was wonderful. It was frightening; it was delicious. Whatever it was, it wasn't standstill.Thing felt lively and active. Self-confidence was on the rise, passivity on the wane. We were going to experience challenges. That's what it meant to be in the new world. For the first time we could imagine ourselves out there.
But whom exactly do I mean when I say we? I mean Arinie, not Selma. I mean my brother, not me. I mean the boys, not the girls. My mother stood behind me, pushing me forward. “The girls goes to college, too,” she said. And I did. But my going to college would not mean the same thing as my brother's going to college, and we all knew it. For my brother, college meant going from the Bronx to Manhattan. But for me? From the time I was fourteen I yearned to get out of the Bronx, but get out into what? I did not actually imagine myself a working person alo
ne in Manhattan and nobody else did either. What I did imagine was that I would marry, and that the man I married would get me downtown. He would break the perils of class and race, and some how I'd be there alongside him.
1.In the passage, we can find the author was____.
A) quite satisfied with her life B) a poor Jewish girl
C) born in a middle-class family D) a resident in a rich area in New York
2.Why did the author's father say “Nothing but a few Jews in here”?
A) He was asking for help. B) He was complaining.
C) He was reassuring. D) He wanted to know why their car was sideswiped.
3.Selma Shapiro had her nose straightened because she wanted ____.
A) to look her best
B) to find a new job in the neighborhood
C) to live a new life in other places
D) to marry very soon
4.Anold Brown changed his name because ____.
A) there was racial discrimination in employment
B) Brown was just the same as Braunowiitz
C) it was easy to write
D) Brown sounds better
5.From the passage we can infer that ____.
A) the Jews were satisfied with their life in the Bronx
B) the Jewish immigrants could not be rich
C) all the immigrants were very poor
D) the young Jews didn't accept the stern reality
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第54篇
In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “prot ection.” But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.
The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism — indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire(放任). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.”
It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colorsimplies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.
The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very a
ctive role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.
The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.
1.This passage is primarily concerned with discussing ____.
A) the definition of the new protectionism
B) the difference between new and old protectionism
C) the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world
D) the significance of the welfare state
2.What does the phrase “stood for(Para.2)” mean?
A) represented. B) held out.
C) tolerated. D) disapproved.
3.Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare
state mentioned in this passage?
A) Free education is available to a child. B) Laws are made to fix the minimum wage.
C) A jobless person can be insured. D) There are regulations for rent.
4.Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage?
A) The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states.
B) In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise.
C) The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest.
D) Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain.
5.The passage supplies information for answering which of the following
questions?
A) When did the new protectionism arise?
B) Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?
C) Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?
D) Why does the government intervene in economic life?
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第53篇
The key element to successful interviewing is not your experience, your grades, what classes you took, your extracurricular activities, or any of the other basic necessities. Those skills are what got you the interview. The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude. If you want to rise above others with better experience, better grades, or better anything, you will need to work on developing a highly positive work attitude.
Your attitude determines whether you will “make the cut” or be discarded. Remember, there are plenty of competitors with the ability to do almost any given job-- especially at the entry level. The way most employers differentiate at the entry level is by candidates' attitudes toward the job. Your attitude is often what recruiters will remember when the dust has settled after reviewing ten, twenty, or even one hundred candidates--the one who was sincerely willing to put forth his very best effort. If you have the attitude of wanting to do your very best for the company, of being focused on the company's needs, of putting yourself
forth as the person who will be committed and dedicated to fulfilling their needs, you will likely be the one chosen.
Why is attitude so important? Because most companies already have their full share of multi-talented superstars who care about no one but themselves. Ask any manager who the most valuable member of his team is, and he will point not to the
overrated superstar, but to the person who has the “can do” attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for excellence. Give me a team player who is achieving at 99% and I will take her over a flashy superstar who is running at 50% efficiency any day of the week. And so will 99% of all hiring managers.
So don't worry if you are not “superstar” quality. If you can show me, in your words and actions, that you are ready to put forth your very best effort toward achieving excellence, you will be chosen over the superstar.
You can show your winning attitude in the way you present yourself. Incorporate the actual words “positive attitude,” “excellence,” and “striving to be my best” into your interview language. Then show by your stories and examples how
these words positively affect your life. Show me when and where and how you have put forth extra effort above and beyond the call of duty. Show me how you beat a deadline, how you excelled in a project, or how you made a difference by going the extra mile. If you can show me, by words and examples, your “can do” attitude, it is you I will hire, while all of the superstars will receive polite rejection letters to add to their growing collections.
1. What is the key element to successful interviewing according to this passage?
A) Courses taken before. B) A varied experience.
C) A positive work attitude. D) Interviewees' capability.
2. Which of the following statement is correct in the author's opinion?
A) There are inadequate competitors with the ability to do almost any given job especially at the entry level.
B) Most interviewers generally depend on the candidates' attitudes toward the job to choose the employees.
C) Most employers tell the difference between candidates by their entry level.
D) Better experience and better grades become the most important elements to be chosen.
3. Who is the most valuable member of his team to a manager?
A) The multi-talented superstar.
B) The person who tries his best for excellence.
C) The person who counts on himself and does not cooperate with others.
D) The flashy star who makes the company famous.
4. In an interview, what makes you leave a good impression on the interviewer?
A) Your boasting words.
B) The words such as positive attitude, excellence, and striving to be my best.
C) Your own stories.
D) Words and examples to show your positive attitude.
5. What is the best title for this passage?
A) Your Attitude Determines Whether You Will “Make The Cut” or Be Discarded.B) How to Find a Good Job.
C) The Most Important Aspect of Interviewing. D) A Successful Interviewing.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第52篇
When a heart-lung machine was invented that could take over the job of the heart, put oxygen into the blood and keep the circulation going during surgery, surgeons could stop the heart while they were cutting and suturing. Recently, in certain cases, some surgeons have begun operating without the pump while the heart continues to beat.
"The benefits of off-pump surgery are tremendous for patients who meet the criteria for this procedure," says Dr. Jim Zellner with the Alliance of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgeons. "There is less need for blood products, less chance of complications during and after surgery, earlier recovery and earlier return to regular activity."
Seawood Murray feels he was led by God to find Dr. Zellner and Memorial Hospital and to have off-pump surgery.A veteran of the United States Navy as a nuclear weapons security officer and commanding officer of a mine assembly group for more than 31 years, Seawood has never complained about stress or pain. He saw three tours of duty off the coast of Vietnam. However, after suffering from chest pain for almost a year and being misdiagnosed with chronic heartburn, Seawood knew something was seriously wrong. At the Veteran's hospital in Murfreesboro, he learned he had heart disease and was told to come back in six weeks.
"I didn't want to wait that long and asked for a referral to The Chattanooga Heart Institute," Seawood says. "Dr. Noel Hunt found that 40% of my heart was not getting the amount of blood it needed to operate properly." Four days later, Seawood was undergoing off-pump triple bypass surgery at Memorial Hospital under the hand of Dr. Zellner.
"I was sitting up that evening, walking around the second day and feeling good enough to go home the third day, but I stayed till the fourth morning," Seawood says. "Two others who had on-pump bypass surgery the same day I had mine off-pump were barely walking when I left."
1. How do surgeons usually operate on a heart-attacker according to the passage?
A) They operate without a pump.
B) They operate with a heart-lung machine.
C) They operate by stopping the heart.
D) They operate with nothing but cutting and suturing.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT the benefit of off-pump surgery?
A) The heart-attack patients will be recovered in one day.
B) There are fewer chances for heart-attack patients to suffer from other new diseases during the course of hear attack.
C) Off-pump surgery needs fewer blood products.
D) The heart-attack patients will be well again earlier.
3. What's wrong with Seawood Murray?
A) He suffered from chronic heartburn.
B) He suffered from heart attack.
C) He had three tours of duty off the coast of Vietnam.
D) His heart couldn't get blood it needed to operate.
4. What did Dr. Zellner do for Seawood Murray's disease?
A) Dr. Zellner gave him a surgery with a heart-lung machine..
B) Dr. Zellner diagnosed his disease as chronic heartburn.
C) Dr. Zellner gave him an off-pump triple bypass surgery.
D) Dr. Zellner referred him to another hospital.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A) Seawood Murray could hardly walk four days after the surgery.
B) Seawood Murray got recovered more slowly than other patients.
C) Seawood Murray felt well and went home the third day after the surgery.
D) Seawood Murray went home the fourth day after the surgery.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第51篇
The following passage is an opening speech by Lord Weidenfeld, founder of the Europaeum and Chairman, Weidenfeld and Nicolson Publishers I am very privileged and gratified to talk to you today. I think it is most appropriate to have this meeting at the Humboldt University, Berlin, because of the
impulse to the creation to the European network, to the sequence of events, and
that great turning point of history, which is symbolised by the fall of the Berlin wall. It was that particular impulse that started an enterprise to bring together teachers and students in, first of all, Western European Universities to offer resources to those universities which had only recently emerged in other p
arts of Europe. So we started the Europaeum network. Six universities joined usinitially. We then approached the University of Prague to join us for the beginning of an enlargement, which would also to include universities previously behind the Iron Curtain. The group that we assembled around the Europaeum logo is by no means exclusive and we would very much like to enlarge it. The term ’variable geometry’ is very fashionable in international politics, but I think it also applies to our intentions, we want it to expand and include other universities either as full members or associates so free standing research institutes.
Thanks to the generosity of our German sponsor DaimlerChrysler, particularly the Davies Group of the organization, Dr Klaus Mangold and Dr Bensel, we are now engaging in a study of the roles of the universities in the future. We have a number of ideas regarding how to set about answering these three major questions: What is the future role of the university? If we have established what it is, how do we equip it to produce the resources and do its job and what role does it p
lay in our society? We hope to have a number of ongoing conferences and exchanges of views on the subject thanks to the friendly and co-operation of Humboldt University.
We are now in a new era since 11 September. I think that one day we will regard that approximate decade from the fall of the wall in Berlin and the destruction of the World Trade Centre in New York. Here it is important that we play our role. In what we now see in the plateau of Central Southeast Asia, a holy alliance of barbarism, fanaticism and high tech product of the information society. The University, by having as a component an important dosage of humanism, makes all the difference between a Robespierre like revolution or a continuation of the
human spirit with the new resources and tools, carefully husbanded, monitored and controlled.
Thanks to President of Humboldt University, Professor Michael Kreile, Professor Pera, Paul Flather and colleagues.
1. What is the attitude of the speaker toward the development of Europaeum?
A) Europaeum is open to almost all universities. B) Europaeum is exclusive to some enterprises.
C) Europaeum is open only to research institutes. D) Europaeum is exclusive to any other universities.
2. What can be concluded about the Europaeum logo from the first paragraph?
A) Being no exclusive. B) Bringing together teachers and students in Western European Universities.
C) Enlarging Europaeum. D) Having variable geometry.
3. What is the subject of this conference?
A) How to equip a university to produce the resources.
B) How to enlarge a university to some extent.
C) How to cooperate with other universities.
D) A study of the roles of the universities in the future.
4. What kind of organization does the speaker hope to have?
A) An organization in which they play an important role. B) An organization full of humanism.
C) An organization of revolution. D) An organization full of information.
5. What is the purpose of the organization?
A) To continue and develop human spirit with new resources and tools.
B) To exchange views with different universities.
C) To unite universities and enterprises.
D) To create the European network to continue humanism.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第50篇
According to Forrester Research, 8.6 million online shoppers access the Internet via a high-speed connection, compared to 12 million using dial-up. Taken alone,those findings are hardly groundbreaking. What's noteworthy is the rest of the picture that emerges from that study: Those broadband users are younger, richer, and better informed than their narrowband counterparts. They spend more time and money online and are more likely to buy customized products and services. So why hasn't the Internet become the focus for broadband companies seeking to establish relationships with a demographic that has demonstrated a preference for their product? Simply put, until recently, their attempts fell flat. Just over a year ago, our agency launched an online performance-based e-marketing campaign to promote a broadband service. Despite engaging creative and a compelling offer, it met with resounding silence. Six months later, the response was only marginally better.
So we were only cautiously optimistic two months later when we launched another campaign for the same advertiser, using the same offer. This time, it was a success. Response rates tripled and the customer acquisition cost dropped from $300 to under $100. Clearly, the floodgates have opened and the most sought-after consumers are rushing through to broadband. And while the surge in response wasn't a complete surprise given the emphasis placed on marketing broadband services, it was enough to make us curious about what other factors were at play. What we discovered was a scenario where so many people have experienced broadband's superiority at work, school, and even in friends' homes that they know what they're missing.
According to U.S. News & World Report, some 20 million households nationwide now have broadband, with another 100,000 signing up each week. That saturation has created a market of increasingly discontent dial-up subscribers for broadband companies to reach. Imagine the impact when — as dial-up users impatiently wait for Web pages to load — an ad pops up promising lightning-fast access. Their response starts an on going relationship managed through newsletters and other e-mail communications designed to keep them informed about value-added services, special promotions, etc. Not only is it a demographic pre-disposed to online CRM, it is also one that is far from oversold. In fact, less than one-third of U.S. households will subscribe to a broadband service by 2006. And as services designed specifically for broadband increase and support for dial-up declines, the 42 percent of Internet users who said they didn't need broadband will become receptive to a well-focused CRM program. But it won't last forever. While the window of opportunity to reach broadband buyers online is open, it's not likely to stay that way. Broadband may be the current heir apparent for connectivity, but wireless has given every indication it will be a sleeper hit, emerging from nowhere to take the top spot. In short, the time for broadband companies to establish online customer relationships is now — before the window slams shut.
1. What is NOT mentioned as the result of Forrester Research in the first paragraph?
A) A lot of online shoppers access the Internet by broadband.
B) Broadband users get more information than the dial-up users.
C) It is probable for broadband users to buy the products specially made for them.
D) It is the first time for people to find out the number of broadband and narrowband users.
2. What did the online performance-based e-marketing campaign bring at first?
A) The promotion of a broadband service. B) Cautious responses. C) No response at all.
D) Some marginal responses.
3. Why did another campaign become a success later?
A) Because the agency has used a compelling offer.B) Because people have enjoyed the broadband's advantages in their daily life.C) Because the agency has spent a lot of money on the advertisements.
D) Because people become curious about the broadband.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A) Few is likely to use dial-up in the future.
B) Broadband companies should establish online customer relationships now.
C) About 20 million households nationwide now have broadband.
D) People design more services specially for broadband.
5. What is the main idea of this passage?
A) How Forrester Research got the valuable information. B) Why people want to use broadband.
C) How broadband services find success in online CRM. D) Broadband services have great influence on people.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第49篇
Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.
Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.
One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.
Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.
1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.
A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties
B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities
C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities
D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education
2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.
A) 350,000
B) 1,500,000
C) 440,000
D) 110,000
3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.
A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children
B) the homeless population is growing rapidly
C) the homeless children usually stay outside school
D) some homeless children are deserted by their families
4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.
A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized
B) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine
C) the address of grade-school children should be located
D) all homeless people are entitled to free education
5. The passage mainly deals with ____.
A) the legal problems of the homeless children
B) the educational problems of homeless children
C) the social status of older males
D) estimates on the homeless population
答案：C C D A B
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第47篇
Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and ,the number of such reasons is small.Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches,and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First,pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size.The object may be to get a tree of the right height,and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches,which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly,pruning may be done to make the tree heavier.You may cut out diseased or dead wood,or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds.The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the air.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease,but it is a wound that will heal.Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die,so that there is a period when the tree is at risk.It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the area,which has been pruned smooth,and clean,for healing will be slowed down by roughness.You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose.Pruning is usually done in winter,for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed.If this does happen,it is,of course,impossible to paint them properly.
1.Pruning should be done to ____.
A)make the tree grow taller
B)improve the shape of the tree
C)get rid of the small branches
D)make the small branches thicker
2.Trees become unhealthy if the gardener____
A)allows too many branches to grow in the middle
B)does not protect them from the wind
C)forces them to grow too quickly
D)damages some of the small side branches
3.Why is a special substance painted on the tree?
A)To make a wound smooth.
B)To prevent disease entering a wound.
C)To cover a rough surface.
D)To help a wound to dry.
4.A good gardener prunes tree ____.
A)at intervals throughout the year
B)as quickly as possible
C)occasionally when necessary
D)regularly every winter
5.What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage?
A)To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.
B)To give a gardener description of pruning.
C)To explain how trees develop disease.
D)To discuss different methods of pruning.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第44篇
Gestures arent the only area in which the unwary traveler can get trippedup. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example:
Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East."Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the polite limit in offices and during social calls," counsels "Travel Pak, " a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. "But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If youve had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle—as you hand it back. That means "No more, thank you."
Middle East visitors also should not be surprised "if others barge right into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing," notes "Travel Pak." An old Arab custom calls for keeping an "open
office."
The British, however, consider it impolite to , even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure.
In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. They should be allowed to leave without effusive good byes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests.
In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established.
In the Arab world, the word "no" must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check.
In the Peoples Republic of China, gift giving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. "If you want to give someone a gift, make sure its modest in value.
This will not be considered offensive, but it may be declined, " The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. "You
may be greeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school.Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like youre clapping for yourself."
1. In the Middle East, it is considered ____.
A) impolite to drink at least 3 cups of coffee
B) impolite to drink more than 3 cups of coffee unless your host drinks more
C) polite to ask the host to give you as more as he can
D) polite to leave a party as early as you want
2. In Japan, the guest at an evening party will ____.
A) leave early without saying good bye
B) stay as long as he can
C) stay to have a swimming with the host
D) present their business cards immediately
3. In Finland, business guests may ____.
A) take flowers to the host
B) send an expensive gift to the host
C) have a swimming or sauna with the host
D) present a business card
4. In China, a gift to the host means ____.
A) attemption to praise the host
B) a modest manner
C) a respondence of applause
D) offended action to the hosts dignity
5. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A) Uninvited visitors are welcome in Middle Eastern office.
B) In Britain, business visitors can stay as long as they like.
C) In China, people may greet a foreigners entering a school with clapping.
D) In the Arab world, saying “No” for 3 times until it is accepted.
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第40篇
What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work .So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.
Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metal work or cookery(烹饪术)and look for a job where you can improve these skills.
If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job. Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle(运用)tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.
1. Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?
A) The importance of doing well at school.
B) Using school performance to help to choose a career.
C) The importance of being good at all subjects.
D) The indirect value of schoolwork.
2. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably ____.
A) a waste of time that could have been spent on study
B) useful for his future work
C) a good way to earn extra money
D) a good way to find out his weak points
3. According to the passage, if a students school record is not good, he ____.
A) will be a complete failure in his future work
B) will not be able to find a suitable job
C) will regret not having worked harder at school
D) may do well in his future work
4. Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting?
A.Mathematics. B. English.
C. Technical Drawing. D. History.
5. The whole passage centers on ____.
A) choosing a career according to what one is skilled in
B) acquiring knowledge by working hard at school
C) finding ones strong and weak points
D) developing ones abilities useful in school work
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第39篇
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing (把……固定) legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon (放任). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays—not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.
We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.
26. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because______.
A) it is difficult for them to take effective measures
B) time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it
C) they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests
D) they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing
27. The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is______.
A) to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection
B) to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion
C) to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards
D) to take radical measures to control environmental pollution
28. The word “tunnel-visioned”(Line 2, Para.4) most probably means “______”.
A) narrow-minded B) short-sighted C) able to see only one aspect D) blind to the facts
29. Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?
A) The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.
B) The efforts of environmental health professionals.
C) The industry's understanding and support.
D) Legislation and government intervention.
30. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
A) More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.
B) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.
C) Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.
D) Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.
答案：
26.C 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.D
四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第34篇
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望）in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, that democracy in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic（贵族的）idea of inherited privilege.
1.The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “________”.
A) The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
B) Business problems are of great importance to the American government
C) Business is of primary concern to Americans
D) America is a great power in world business
2.Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.
A) when given equality of opportunity
B) through doing business
C) by protecting their individual freedom
D) by way of competition
3.Who can benefit from business competition?
A) Honest businessmen. B) Both businessmen and their customers.
C) People with ideals of equality and freedom. D) Both business institutions and government.
4.Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ________.
A) its absolute control of power
B) its function in preserving personal freedom
C) its role in protecting basic American values
D) its democratic way of exercising leadership
5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _________.
A) Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B) in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
C) American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D) businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
答案与解析：62
1.B。
下面哪个是最佳标题。标题。把握中心大意。文章首先提到非洲象所面临的困境，接着提到国际组织及美国的反应--禁止象牙进口来拯救大象，终结偷猎行为。由此可见B是最佳选择。
2.A。
根据原文，文中第一段出现的"dwindle"的意思是：本题测试词义，根据上下文，猜测某个词在文中的意思。根据原文可知，大象的数量在急剧减少，而表示"减少"之意的，答案A最合适。
3.B。
既然成年的，有大的象牙的大象已经越来越少，偷猎者将来取什么措施?细节题，在文中相应的段落就能找到答案。文中提到"The poachers now must kill times as many elephants to get the same quantity of ivory".由此可知，答案B是最佳答案。
4.C。
为什么非洲国家最终欢迎禁止象牙进口?细节题。在文中相应位置即可找到答案。文中有"...but increasingly they realised that the decimation of the elephant herds poses a serious threat to their tourist business."由此可知答案C是对的。
5.B。
文中作者的态度是什么?态度题。须通篇考虑。文中作者只是叙述事实，并没有表示赞成或反对。因此最佳选择是B。
答案与解析：61
1．C。
根据短文意思，下列哪一项是正确的?本题考查对上下文的全面理解能力，需要从字里行间找答案。由于生活费用过高，入不敷出，工人们为了改善生活条件，他们希望到国外打工，挣更多的钱。这种情况可在文章第二段的最后一句中体现出来。 In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages．故C为本题答案。
2．A。
那种情况不真实？本题考查对上下文的全面理解能力，需要从字行里找答案。A．食品消费低。恰好相反，正因为消费太高，工人们入不敷出才出国打工。所以A符合题意，为正确答 案。B．Wages had increased．工资增加了是事实，文中有所交待。C．国家给家庭津贴，这也是事实。D．超时雇工，文中也有所述。
3．A。
根据短文，下列哪项是Charles Deschanel的观点?本题为明示信息题。本题答案可在文中第一段的第二句中找到。
4．A。
根据短文意思，法国的生产不能够满足法国人的需求。本题考查对上下文的全面理解能力，需要从字行里找答案。文章第二段的第一个句子就明确地回答了这个问题。French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people,…(法国的国家工业生产仍然不能满足人民的直接需求…)。故A为正确答案。
5．A。
下列哪一项是正确的。本题考查对关键词语的理解能力，需要根据关键词进行直接推理。从下面一句话里可推断出法国对工人出国工作所持的反对态度：The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country．（不情愿让工人们离开法国。）这句话的意思就是反对工人们出国。故A为正确答案。
答案与解析：60
1.A。
在第二段，作者举舞台上的主演的例子是为了表明什么？在第二段,作者举例说，舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力，但我们没有忽视配角的支持与舞台布景的衬托。下文的exceptional children 与例子中的leading actor相对应；family 和society 与例中的supporting players 和 scenery 相对应，从而说明了A）“异常孩子的成长与家庭和社会有很大关系”。B）异常孩子比正常孩子受家庭影响更大。C）异常孩子是社会和家庭的主要兴趣。D）社会的需要比异常孩子的需要更为重要。显然，作者的举例不能说明B、C、D项的意思。
2.C。
异常孩子在教育方面受到如此关注的原因是什么。答案C的根据是文章第三段最后一个句子：The great interest in exception
al children shown in public education over…indicated the strong feeling…all citizen, …deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
3.D。
文章主要是____。这是中心思想测试题。本文开头第一段概括了全文的主题思想。下文详细地阐述了家庭和社会对异常孩子的重要性，教育对所有孩子的重要性，和所有孩子平等地受教育的法律保证。这些细节都说明D）“教育适应异常孩子的必要性”。B项本文未涉及，A、C虽有涉及，但不是全文的主题思想。
4.A。
从文章中可知对智力超常儿童教育的关注是____。本题为细节考查题，考查考生对全文所有主要事实和细节的理解。答案A的根据是第四段中间的Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disable or not—to an appropriate education. B、C、D均在文中找不到根据，所以都不可选。
5.D。
根据文章，下列哪项是正确的？此题问哪个选项符合文章内容。做这类题可以从文中找各选项的依据来逐项排除。文章首段第二句中的 … to develop their full adult potential 和文章最后一句中的 … to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.清楚地表明了 exceptional children 指智力超常的儿童，因此A）项（身体和智力有毛病）不正确。文章的第四段对“All men are created equal”在教育中的含义给予了具体的解释，即“每个孩子具有得到帮助、学到能力极限的权利”，因此，B项（作者用“所有人生来平等”是为了反对学校对超常儿童的教学计划）的说法是错误的。本文的宗旨是赞同学校对超常儿童与普通儿童采用不同的教学计划；法律确认的是所有孩子享有适当的教育的权利，这包括超常儿童的潜能得以最大发挥的权利，因此，C）项不对。D）学校通常的教学计划不能满足超常儿童充分发挥潜能的需要。“调整教学计划适应超常儿童的必要性”是本文的中心，这与D）项内容一致，故答案选D）。
答案与解析：58
1.C
联合国宗旨的首条内容是什么？此题为语义推理题，考查考生的概括能力。题目问的是联合国宗旨的首条内容是什么，文章第二段所阐述的均为联合国宗旨，首要一条是“We the peoples of the U. N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold suffering to mankind…”（我们这些联合国的成员决心将我们的后代从战争的灾难中解救出来，在我们的一生中，这样的战争已经两次给人类带来了无法诉说的痛苦。）句中所说的给人类带来无法诉说的痛苦的战争即为第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战，因此C）正确。A）、B）和D）虽也是属联合国宗旨，但非首条，与题目不符，故舍弃。
2.D
根据其宪章，联合国承诺什么？此题为语义推理题。本题的答 案仍在文章的第二段，文章提到“…that armed force shall not b
e used, save in the common interest,…”(在一般利害关系中不应使用武力。)A）项never to use arms(永不使用武力)与此不符，B）项to employ international machines（使用国际机器）又不同于“…and to enjoy international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people,…”（享受用于促进全人类的经济和社会进步的国际机构），并非任何机构都可享受使用。而D）项to promote economic and social advancement（促进经济和社会进步）正是联合国努力做到的，因此为正确答 案。C）项to better standards of life （提高生活水平）也不准确。文中“…and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,…”是说“更加自由地促进社会进步和提高生活水平。”
3.D
联合国正式成立的日期是何日？此题为关于时间的特定信息查寻题。题目问的是联合国正式成立于哪一年。1942年是首批成员国代表聚会并签署一项联合宣言。1944年是五大强国代表集会，草拟协议。1940年在文中根本未提及，因此选D）。
4.B
联合国的的基本作用是什么？此题为辨析题，需根据上下文做出判断。文章第四段讲述了联合国的基本作用是维持国际和平与安全，发展国家间友好关系，在解决国际经济、社会文化和促进尊重及基本自由的人类问题方面进行国际性合作，成为达到这些共同目标而协调各国行动的中心。A）项未提及，C）项和D）项片面，所以B）项正确。
5.A
一个国家的国内____。此题为语义推理题。文章最后一段清楚阐明了只要不违背国际和平与安全的原则，“…the U. N. has no right to intervene in any state’s internal affairs,…”（联合国无权干涉任何一个国家的内部事务。）只有A项正确。
答案与解析：56
1．A。
通过“another kettle of fish altogether”作者意图表明____？指代题。根据本句句意可知，此处应指“另一种局面”；而根据上文的It is all very well, again to, to have a tiger in the tank“即使‘老虎'坐在坦克里也还好说”，可知“老虎”若是坐在驾驶员座上，情况会很危急。因此A、C项相比较而言，A项更能表明作者意图。
2.C。
“get completely out of hand”指的是____？指代题。作者呼吁发起一场“友善对待其他驾驶员”的运动，如果不这样，it may get completely out of hand“局势可能会失控的”，因此C项符合句意。
3.A。
礼貌驾驶起好的作用是因为____。判断题。在第二段中，作者提出Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense too.其后作者解释道：It takes the most levelheaded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to retaliate when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations
of motoring.总的来说，礼貌驾驶能让好脾气的司机抵制报复不文明行为的诱惑，能减少驾驶过程中的压力，因此A项“将冲突减少到最小”符合。
4.B。
行驶中的不良行为的一个普通例子是____。细节题。A、C两项关于超车的描述与文中细节不符，D项并无出处。惟有B项能在文章倒数第二段找到根据：Their drivers couldn't be bothered to select a lower gear.“这些司机有时连换个低档都嫌麻烦”。
5．C。
在作者看来，造成不礼貌驾驶的根源是____ 。作者观点题。纵观全文，尤其是文章结尾的话However technically skilled a driver may be, he can't be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.说明作者认为“傲慢与攻击性”是造成不礼貌驾驶的根源，因此C项判断正确。
1.B 55
从文中可知作者____。细节题。根据文中作者的描述，不难看出她是个犹太人，而且家境并不好，是个女孩， 所以B项描述正确。作者并不满意自己的生活状态，因此A项不符；C项描述不符合事实，她家无钱无地位；文中已指出作者生活在贫民众多的布鲁克斯区，所以D项描述也不正确。
2．C。
为什么作者的父亲说“Nothing but a few Jews in here”?意图理解题。从作者在后面加的注解…in that world my father was a humiliated man,without power or standing.“在那个世界中，我父亲是个谦卑的人，无权无地位”，可以判定，她的父亲说这话不是为了得到救助，也不可能是在埋怨别人超车，更不会是想要知道别人超车的理由是什么，而是向对方道歉。因为犹太人不被人看重，说这话意味着“不必担心，是我们的错！”。C项符合作者意图。
3．B。
Selma Shapiro 做鼻子矫形手术是为了____。推理判断题。Selma Shapiro做鼻子矫形手术是为了在别的地方开始新的生活，作者说Selma Shapiro 包着绷带（wrapped in bandages），从绷带下会emerge a person fit for life beyond the block，即离开这个街区，开始新的生活。因此B项符合。其余选项均不是Selma Shapiro的想法。
4．A。
Anold Brown 改姓的原因是____。判断题。从作者写这一段文字的字里行间可以得知，犹太男孩女孩为了避免种族歧视，采取了各种方法，如做整形手木，填求职表时改掉带有犹太人传统的姓氏等，因此这个犹太男孩改姓的根本原因是因为招工中存在着种族歧视，不得已只好将带有犹太人印记的姓氏改为普通的美国姓氏。因此A项判断正确。
5.D。从文中可推断____。判断题。犹太男孩女孩都想跳离生活的圈子，谋求更好的发展机会，所以A项表述不正确；作者提到过她的rich uncle's car说明还是有犹太人是富裕的，因此B项也不对；B项即不正确则说明C项也不符文章内容；D项指“年轻的犹太人不愿接受严酷的现实”，这一点可在文中最后一段作者提到她的弟弟以及她本人的奋斗时已表露无遗，因此是正确的。
答案与解析：54
1．A
全文主要讨论的____。主旨题。文章并没有说明新贸易保护主义是如何在西欧兴起的，可先排除C项；福利国家的出现是新贸易保护主义的胜利，D项内容只是文章一个分支；文章没有花大篇幅研究新旧贸易保护主义之区别，说明这不是文章重点，B项也可排除；全文主要讨论新贸易保护主义的定义，因此A项内容是文章主旨。
2．B
“stood for” 的意思是____？指代题。此句…protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire指“…保护主义者就像自由贸易主义者那样stood for放任”。前文已说明自由贸易主义者是支持由自由市场分配资源的，从as well as 和if not more than
可以判断stood for表示“支持”，选项中A项表示“象征”，C项指“容忍”，D项指“不赞成”，因此B项“支持”正确。
3.A
下列那一个文中没有提及？细节题。文章最后一句Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws,and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.
中包含B、C和D项的出处，没有提到A项内容。
4.D。
根据本文，下列那一个推断正确？判断题。西德不是福利国家，却是西欧经济最强国，因此A项可排除；文章提到1930年代时已经出现protectionism，但未指出就是这个时期出现的，无法验证其确切的出现时期，B项无法确定；从1930年代就出现的protectionism不能说是最新的，文章也未说明是否是因为最新出现而起的名，C项无根据；从The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe.“北欧几乎全是福利国家”及In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true.“在英国，福利国家有点不完全”可判断D项正确。
5.D
文中针对那一个问题提供了信息？判断题。文章第三段提供了为什么干预经济生活的理由Therefore, the government
intervenes to bring about a more desired result.“干预经济生活能带来更好的结果”。因此D项问题文章作了回答，而其余三项文中没有明确说明。
答案与解析：53
1.C。
根据这段文章，成功面试的关键因素是什么？细节考察题。从文章第一段的句子The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude.中可得出答案。
2.B。
按照作者的观点，下列哪项观点是对的.判断推理题。从文章第二段的句子Your attitude is often what recruiters will remem
ber ...the one who was sincerely willing to put forth his very best effort.中可知大多数的招聘者一般根据申请者所表现的工作态度选择职员，选项B）正确。
3.B。
经理心目中最有价值的职员是一个什么样的人？细节推理题。从文章第三段的句子Ask any manager who the most valuable member ... he will point ...to ... the person who truly strives for excellence.中可得出经理心目中最有价值的职员是努力争取做到最好的人，所以正确选项是B。
4.D。
在面试中给招聘者印象最深刻的是什么？判断推理题。从文章的倒数第二段句子Incorporate the actual words “positive attitude, ”“excellence,” and “striving to be my best” into your interview language. Then show by your stories and examples how these words positively affect your life.中可知用语言和实例来表明你的积极态度会给面试者留下深刻印象。D为正确答案。
5.C。
这篇文章的最佳标题是：面谈中最重要的因素.主旨大意题。从文章的第一段句子The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude.中可得出答案。
答案与解析：52
1.B。
根据这段文章的内容，外科医生一般用什么给心脏病人做手术？细节推理题。从第一段的句子When a heart-lung machine was invented ..., surgeons could stop the heart ...Recently,...some surgeons have begun operating without the pump.... 中可得出答案。
2.A
下面的哪一项陈述不是无泵手术的好处？判断推理题。从第二段的句子...less need for blood products, less chance of complications ..., earlier recovery and earlier return to regular activity.（输血更少，手术期间和手术后患并发症的可能性小，康复更快，也能使患者更快地恢复正常活动。）中可得出B）、C）、D）是无泵手术的好处。而文章中最后一段的句子...“I was sitting up at evening, walking around the second day and feeling good enough to go home the third day, but I stayed till the fourth morning,”中得出无泵手术病人不可能在一天内康复。故答案为A）。
3.B
Seawood Murray患了什么病？判断推理题。从第五段的句子However, after suffering from chest pain ...he learned he had heart disease .... 中可得出答案。
4.C
Zellner医生给Seawood Murray做了什么？细节推理题。从倒数第二段的句子... Seawood was undergoing off-pump triple bypass
surgery ...under the hand of Dr. Zellner.（做了一个无泵三重旁通管手术）中可得出答案。
5.D
从文章中最后一段可得知什么？判断推理题。从最后一段的句子“手术后的当天晚上坐起来，第二天走动，第三天感觉良好觉得可以回家，但第四天上午才回家，在我做无泵手术的同一天，其他两个做有泵手术的病人在我离开时几乎不能走动。”中可得推出答案。
答案与解析：51
1.A
发言者对欧洲大盟会发展的态度是什么？判断推理题。文章提到欧洲大盟会的宗旨决不排他，而是希望扩大联盟，希望其他的大学成为她的成员，或者相关的研究机构。故得出答 案A）。
2.C
从第一段中可以得知欧洲大盟会的宗旨是什么？判断推理题。从第一段的句子Europaeum logo is by no means exclusive .......to enlarge it.（欧洲大盟会的宗旨决不排他，而是希望扩大联盟。）中可得出答案。
3.D
这次大会的主题是什么？细节推理题。从第二段的句子... we are now engaging in a study of the roles of the universities in the future. ... We hope to have a number of ongoing conferenc
es and exchanges of views on the subject...（我们现在正致力于研究未来大学的作用……我们希望接下来有一系列的会议来交换关于这个主题的意见……）中可得出答案。
4.B
发言者希望拥有什么样的组织。判断推理题。从第三段的句子The University, by having as a component an important do
sage of humanism, makes all the difference between...with the new resources and tools, ...（这所大学与……大不一样，是因为她拥有人文主义这一重要的组成部分，并融入了崭新的……的资源和工具。）中可得出答案。
5.D
组织者的目的是什么。主旨大意题。从第一段的句子...because of the impulse to the creation to the European network,...（因为这种创建网络的冲动……）和最后一段的内容可得出答案。
答案与解析：50
1.D
第一段的Forrester 调查结果中没有提到的是什么？判断推理题。A）许多网上购物者是通过宽带上网的。B）宽带网用户比拨号上网用户得到信息更多，C）宽带网用户更可能使用定做的产品，这些都在文章的第一段被提到，故不是答案。
2.C
基于网络的网上购物运动首先没有得到的是什么？细节推理题。A）改善了宽带网业务，B）小心的回应，D）一些无关紧要的回应，这些都不是基于网络的网上购物运动首先获得的结果，故不是答案。
3.B
后来另一次运动之所以成功的原因是什么。
判断推理题。从4、5、6段中可得知A）、C）、D）中的内容与原文不符。
4.A
这段文章可以推论出____。判断推理题。B）、C）、D）中的信息可以直接在文章中找到不属于推论，故不是答案。文章提到越来越多的拨号上网用户感到不满而转用宽带，宽带将是继拨号上网后流行的网络连接方式。故A）为正确答案。
5.C
这篇文章的大意是什么？主旨大意题。文章阐述了扩展宽带网业务是如何从失败走向成功的过程。
答案与解析：47
1.B
文章第二段“Prunning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired
shape or sise.”因此，选项B是正确的。
2.A
文中第二段有“The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches
that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.”因此，选项A正确。
3.B
文中有这样的话“Often there is a race between the healing and the disease
as to whether the tree will live or die...”以及“...then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especialy for this purpose.”因此，选项B是正确的。
4.C
本文第一段有“Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and
dear reason for doing so and ,fortunately,the number of such reasons is small.”因此，选项C是正确的。
5.B
本题是考对全篇的把握，文中介绍what is prunning?以及How to prun?因此，选项B
是正确的。
答案与解析：44
1.B
在中东什么被认为是风俗习惯?此题考查考生对第二段话的理解。A. 饮用至少三杯咖啡是不礼貌的;B,除非你的主人饮用更多的咖啡,如果你饮用三杯以上将被认为是不礼貌的。在文中提到了,因此为正确答案。C, 让主人给你足够多的咖啡是有礼貌的。D你可以想多早就多早离开晚会是礼貌的。
2.A
在日本,参加晚会的客人将怎么样?此题为寻找并理解具体信息题。A.可以不用对主人说再见就可提前离开。在文中日本的习俗就是这样, 因此 , A为正确答案。 B他想呆多久就呆久。C留下来一起与主人游泳,这是另一国家的习俗。 D立即出示他们的名片,这也是别国的风俗。
3.C
在芬兰,商务客人可以……此题为细节理解题。A.给主人带花去( 文章说这不是芬兰的习俗,因此,不是正确答案)。 B.给主人送昂贵的礼物。 C. 与主人一起游泳或桑拿浴。 D.出示名片。文章只提到了C项内容,故C正确。
4.D
在中国,送礼物给主人意味着什么?此题为直接寻找信息题。A向主人献媚;B一种谦虚的行为;C对赞扬的反应;D是一种侮辱行为。只有D项在文中提到了,因此D为正确答案。
5.B
下列陈述中哪一个不正确?此题考查综合全文内容进行判断的能力。A未被邀请的客人在中东的办公室还是受欢迎的。这在文中提到过。B在英国, 商务客人可以在办公室想呆多久就呆多久。这显然是不正确的。因此B为答案。C在中国，人们鼓掌欢迎进学校的外国人。D在阿拉伯国家,说“不”要说三遍才被接受。C和D在文中都提到了,因此不可选。
答案与解析：40
1.B
A)在学校里表现好是很重要的。B) 根据在学校的表现来选择职业。C)各科成绩都好的重要性。D)学校学习的间接价值。从本段的第一、二句中可以看到本段在讨论找工作和在学校的表现的关系，而全段都在说那些科目和那些工作，因此可以推断出答案是 B。
2.B
A)浪费学习时间。B)对未来工作很有用。C)赚外快的好方法。D)找出自身弱点的好方法。本文的第三段说的是兼职工作能教给人哪些素质，以及它能让人认识到自己对什么职业感兴趣。因此选 B最合适。
3.D
A)会在未来工作中彻底失败。B)无法找到一个合适的工作。C)为没有在校刻苦学习而懊悔。D)可能在未来工作中干得好。见本文的最后两句，句意：你在学校的记录并不是很好，但它仍然是你背景的一个重要部分。你不应对此感到抱歉，相反，你应该认识到在工作中你会有一个全新的开始。所以应该选 D。
4.D
A)数学。B)英语。C)技术绘图。D)历史学。原文第一段提到Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs. 历史学对你所找的大多数工作可能不会有直接帮助。因此，选D。
5.A
A)根据自己的特长来选择工作。B)在校努力学习获取知识。C)发现自我优缺点。D)发展自身对学习有用的能力。本文大意是你可以根据自己擅长的科目来选择你适合的职业，重要的是通过自己的表现来认识自己，而不是一味地将目光放在成绩是好是坏上面。所以应该选 A。
答案与解析：34
1.C.词义题，就是送分题，基本每年都会考一到两个，不要想的太难。根据关键词出现的本句和上下句来推断意思，一般在本句或下句给出解释：“这句话指出工商业机构在美国社会比任何其他组织，包括美国，威望更高”选择在对应句子中出现的意思即可。这题不应该错。
2.D. 二段开始解释一段的问号。出现关键词American values ，答案就在这一句里面找。“不仅竞争本身好，它还保护美国其他价值观念，如个人自由、机会平等、勤奋工作等的手段”AC是文章中同时列举的两点，可以排除不选。列举一般提3项，如果提到4项或更多，那么这个列举就没有意义，列举常和except题型对应。BD一个是说做生意，一个说竞争。在对应句子中出现的主语是Competition，确定选D。
3.B.在三段没有发现关键词benefit，但是有profits.，这是同义替换。答案在关键词出现的本句和上下文来找。后文都是围绕customers在发挥，“如果想不公平地占顾客的便宜，那它就会输给较公平地对待顾客的竞争对手。。。”所以答案里面肯定有关顾客，只有B。
4.A.第一句就是我们要找的对应句子，答案在monopoly的意思。如果我们不知道这个词的意思，那么这个词最先出现在三段中，其下句有解释In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. 在contrast之下，一个是all-powerful government，一个是businesses compete。A中power替换all-powerful。一般找到文章对应的句子，答案就在这一句里面找。
5.B. infer 推理题（还有一种conclude推理题以后会遇到），答案一般对应相应段落，否则对应文章主题。别的段落出现的细节都是不能选的干扰选项。A不会有人选。B对应Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. 属于正话反说。竞争胜利在美国不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位，反过来，其它国家就要依靠了。CD都没有在五段提及。而且五段反复提到background、 social status，显然它们就是这一段的主题，正确答案必须和它们有关。下载本文
