1) intelligence: n. ability to learn and understand智能,智慧,智力,理解力
eg --Do computers have any intelligence?
--Don't act like such an idiot ---- use your intelligence. 不要象白痴一样,用用你的智慧。
intelligent: adj. able to learn and understand 聪明的,有才智的
eg --An intelligent computer is able to adjust to changes in the situations it is programmed (编写程序) to deal with. 智能电脑在编程使其应付一些情况的范围里能调节一些变化。
--Within a few years an intelligent computer will certainly be an important tool for doctors.
短短几年智能电脑就必将成为医生们的重要工具。
--Even if you are intelligent, you can't be an excellent student without working hard.
即便你很聪明,你不努力也成不了一名优秀生。
2)controversy: n. a lot of discussion and argument about sth. often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by over or about) 争议;争论;辩论
eg --There used to be a long controversy over whether the book should be published or not.
曾经为是否该出版此书引起过长期的争论。
--A new controversy arose regarding the politician's finances. 这个政客的经济问题引起了新的争议。
--The new government appointments have caused much controversy. 的新任命引起了许多争议。
3)surround: vt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.) 围绕
eg --In spite of the financial problems surrounding them, they still went ahead with the experiment.
不管经济问题捆扰着他们,他们仍然继续实验。
--The village was surrounded by desert. So the villagers had to abandon it and move to other areas.
村庄周围是荒漠,于是村民们只好放弃而搬到其他地区。
--The shell surrounding the egg has many important functions. 鸡蛋的外壳有许多功效。
1.Wondering whether there might be better ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to. 在考虑是否有比设计一些实验教会动物人类手势语更好的方式探索动物智能时,我悟出了现在看来是显而易见的道理,即假如动物能思维,那他们可能会在为达到自己的目的时作出最佳思维,而不是在科学家们让它们思维时才作出最佳思维的。
4)explore: vt. 1) examine thoroughly, learn about 探究,探索
eg --The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the river.
工程师们已探索过在这条河上建桥的可能性。
--The repairman explored my car and said he would fix it tomorrow.
修理工探查了我的车,说他明天把它修好。
--Psychotherapists explore people's past in order to help them understand their present feelings and behavior. 心理疗法专家探究病人的过去以帮助他们了解病人现在的心理和行为。
2)travel over (a region, area, etc.) for the purpose of discovery 勘探,勘查
eg --Both adults and children find it exciting to explore space.
--The man will explore the Sahara desert on foot. 这人将徒步勘探撒哈拉沙漠。
--A big program under discussion is to explore the oil offshore to solve oil shortage in their country.
一个正在讨论中的大规模计划是勘探近海石油以解决他们国家的石油短缺问题。
3)obvious: adj. easy to see and understand; clear 明显的;显而易见的
eg --It must be obvious to everyone that he's lying. 大家知道他在说谎,这是显而易见的。
--It was obvious that the Chinese women's volleyball team would defeat the American women's team and win the world champion. 显然中国女排会击败美国队而获世界冠军。
--It is obvious that he is wrong.
2. Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it, and the lack of it, every day. (L. 9): Although most of them are not animal-intelligence researchers, they see animals behave either with intelligence or without intelligence every day.
他们大多都不研究动物智能,但他们每天都碰到动物有智能和没有智能的情况。
6) encounter: vt. (fml) meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到,遭遇
eg --On the train I encountered an old lady who happened to be a neighbor of my daughter's when she lived in Los Angeles. --She encountered an old friend on the street.
--Before they had gone very far, they encountered a young man selling oranges.
他们还没走远就碰到了一个卖橘子的年轻人。
7)reveal: vt. make (sth.) known 透露;展示,揭露
eg --The details of the new policy for medical insurance have been revealed.
医疗保险的新细节已经被透露了。
--His research in cloning "Dolly" revealed some very important facts.
他克隆多利羊的研究揭示了一些非常重要的事实。
--A survey of the Chinese diet has revealed that a growing number of children in cities are overweight.
对中国饮食的调查揭示了中国的儿童体重不断增加这一事实。
8)convince: vt. make (sb) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence 使确信,使信服
eg --It took her mother a whole day to convince her that the surgery wouldn't do her any harm.
她母亲化了整整一天才说服她相信外科医生是不会伤害她的。
--His parents managed to convince him that teaching was the most suitable profession for him.
他父母设法使他信服教书是最适合他的工作。
--We finally convinced the police of our innocence. 我们最终使警方相信我们是无辜的。
[搭配] convince sb. of sth. convince sb. that …
be convinced of sth. / that…: feel certain that sth. is true.
eg --The police finally were convinced of our innocence.
9)dominant: adj. ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things
支配的;统治的;占优势的
eg --Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry.
卓别林曾是统领美国影视业的人物。
--The dominant powers took control of the conference. 一些头面权势控制了会议。
10)make a deal: reach an agreement or arrangement, esp, in business or politics 成交
eg --Mr. Collins said to John, "I'm willing to make a deal with you ----I'll let you live in my house and you'll cook for me."柯林斯对约翰说,“很愿意与你达成交易——我让你住我屋里,你就为我做饭。”
--I'll make a deal with you ---- you wash the car and I'll let you use it tonight.
--The car company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes 汽车公司与日本公司达成了一笔交易,提供发动机以换取刹车。
3.…only to be met with a blank stare(L. 14): …得到的反应却是个白眼。
"only to do (sth.)" is often used to indicate that sb. did sth. with a disappointing or surprising result, meaning in Chinese“却不料,岂料”. Here the infinitive "to" functions as result adverbial.
eg --He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆赶到车站却不料火车已开走。
--I tried to please her only to meet with her straight face. 我尽量取悦于她,岂料她却板着个脸。
--Mary went to Jane's wedding party only to find that the groom was her ex-husband.
玛丽去参加简的婚礼,却不料新郎竟是她的前夫。
11)negotiate: v. discuss in order to come to an agreement 谈判,协商
eg --We will negotiate for a pay increase of 3.5%. 我们为增长3.5% 工资而谈判。
--The government refused to negotiate with terrorists. 拒绝与谈判。
--There were reports that three companies were negotiating to share the market.
据报道三家公司正在协商共用那个市场。
[搭配] negotiate for sth. / negotiate to do sth, / negotiate with sb.
3.At this point, while maintaining eye contact, Colo opened her hand and showed a key chain.(L.18): This time while looking at Jendry Colo opened her hand and offer Jendry a key chain.
这时,科洛一边望着延德里一边摊开了手露出了一个钥匙链。
at this point: 此刻;此地
eg --At this point, the vullagers saw a speedboat heading toward them at high speed and began to cry for rescue. 这时,村民们见一艘快艇高速向他们驶来,便开始高声呼救。
--There is an eye-catching sign nearby: No Parking at This Point. 附近有一个醒目的招牌:此处不得停车。
12)maintain: vt. continue to do or have (sth.) 保持,维持,继续;坚持
eg --Hard as competition is Microsoft is still maintaining its position as market leader in software.
尽管竞争很激烈,微软公司继续在软件市场保持领头羊地位。
--The hotel staff showed determination to maintain high-quality service.
旅馆职员表现出保持高质量服务的决心。
--Our department maintains close contacts with the IT industry.
13)relieve: vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) (使)减轻(痛苦或焦虑等)
eg --Kate felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly.
第一次与汤姆见面很顺利使凯蒂如释重负。
--Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden. 做一份兼职工作会减轻你的经济负担。
--Drugs can relieve much of the pain. 药物能减轻不少痛苦。
[搭配] relieve sb. of sth. / to relieve sth.;relieve one's feelings发泄感情,
relieve one's mind解除某人的忧愁, relieve oneself (nature) 解大小便
[派生] relief n. 轻松;宽慰;救济,救援 relieved adj. 宽心的,宽慰的
5.Careful bargainer that she was(L.21):As she was very good a bargainer科洛真是个聪明的还价者
that在句中作副词表示程度相当于She was so careful a bargainer,有“如此,虽然,尽管”等意思:
eg --Fool that I was, I took his word for it.我真傻,我真信了他的话。
--Selfish man that he was, he wouldn't lend money to his brother. 他真小气,竟不肯借钱给他兄弟。
14)undertake: vt. carry out; take upon oneself (task, etc.) 从事;承担(任务等)
eg --The United Nations was supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper.
联合国应该是承担起世界和平使者的角色。
--You should think very carefully before you undertake the responsibilities of a general manager of a multi-national company. 在承担起一家多国公司的总经理职责前你应该仔细考虑。
--We'll have to employ more staff if we're to undertake more work.
如果我们要从事更多的工作我们得雇佣更多的员工。
15)figure out: understand; reason out; calculate 推断出,理解;解出,想出
eg --I can't figure out why he left his office so suddenly and didn't even tell his secretary where he would be. 我不能理解他为何如此突然离开办公室甚至连秘书也不告诉去哪儿。
--I can't figure out why he quit his well-paid job to undertake such tedious work.
--It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start the new washing-machine.
6.But the orangutan's understanding of money seemed to extend far beyond simple dealings. (L. 28): But the orangutan's understanding of money was no limited in simple dealings.
但这头猩猩对于钱币的理解似乎远远超出了简单的交易。
16)extend: vi. 1) (of space, land or time) (cause to) stretch, reach or continue延伸,继续
eg –The got weather extended into October. 炎热的天气会持续到十月份。
--Rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country by this evening.预计雨区今天傍晚会延伸到全国各地。
2) make longer or great 延长(日期等) ;扩大,加大
eg--The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Baltimore to Philadelphia.
计划将高速列车自巴尔的摩延伸到费城。
--I would like to stay in France a bit longer, but I will need to extend my visa.…延长签证。
--We've extended the kitchen to give us room for a dining area. 我们扩大了厨房好有个地方吃饭。
3)stretch out (a part of one's body) to the limit 伸开,展开(身体的某部位)
eg -- The bird extend its wings.
4)to give or offer (比喻) 给,提供(帮助,友谊等)
eg --We extended a warm welcome to him.
--The boy downstairs extended the letter to her. 楼下的孩子伸手把信交给了她。
17)expand: vi. (cause to) grow larger (in size, number or amount) (使)扩大,扩展(规模,业务等);(使)膨胀
eg --Their retail (零售) business in Asia has expanded rapidly since the early 1990s.
--The air in the balloon expands when heated. …膨胀。
--The population of the town expanded rapidly in the 1960s.
--The bank is aiming to expand its share of the mortgage market. 银行旨在扩大其在抵押市场的股份。
18)switch (to): vi. change; shift 转换,转变;转移;转而…
eg --The police believed that the reason they failed to find anything suspicious in that guy's bag was that members of the gang(一伙歹徒) (had) switched bags at the airport.
认为之所以没能在那家伙的袋里找到可疑物是因为团伙的歹徒们以在机场将袋子转移了。
--He used to play tennis, but now he's switched to golf. 他曾打网球,但他现在转而打高尔夫了。
--She started studying medicine at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year.
她一开始在大学里学医,但第二年转而学商学了。
19)envy: v. wish that one had a quality or possession that another person has 妒忌;羡慕
eg --I envy her ability to start conversations with people she has never met before.
我羡慕她有能力一开始就与她从未曾谋面过的人攀谈。
--He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck.
他成了暴发户,许多人都妒忌他的好运。
--She's got a capacity for languages that many students would envy.她有语言能力,这令许多同学羡慕不已。
[搭配] envy sb. / sth.; envy sb. sth.; envy sb. for sth.
20)cooperate: vi. act or work together 合作,协作
eg --Our company has cooperated with several American companies for the past few years in joint ventures. 过去几年我们公司与美国好几家公司在合作投资
--The New York City police cooperated with the force in Boston in catching the criminals. …协作
--Aid agencies and the local government are cooperating to deliver supplies to the flooded area.
救助机构和当地合作向水灾区运送物资。
[搭配] cooperate with / in / to do sth.
5.Behaviorists would say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to so. This is true, but I don't think it goes far enough. (L.40): 行为主义者会说, 当动物意识到合作对它们有利时,它们就会那么做。这没错,但我觉得这一解释尚不充分。
21)in one's interest(s) of: for or to one's advantage 为了某人的利益,对某人有利
eg --In the interest(s) of world peace, we must promote mutual understanding among nations with different social systems. 为了世界和平,我们必须增进不同社会制度国家间的相互理解。
--It would be in your interests to undertake this task although it's difficult.
--The local government has to abandon the plan for a new chemical plant because it is not in the public interest.…放弃建造化工厂计划,因为对公众不利。
22)go far: be of great help very much; achieve much success 帮助很大,卓有成效
eg --The financial help they got from the local government didn't go very far toward solving the problem. 从当地得到的财政帮助对解决问题帮助不大。
--You suggestion will go far towards solving our present housing problem.
你的建议对解决我们当前的住房问题帮助很大。
--Jane's a very talented writer---- she'll go far. …她会非常有成就的。
23)assess: vt. judge the quality, importance or worth of 估计,估量,判断
eg --Phil looked around at the other competitors(竞争对手) and assess his chances of winning.
…估计自己的成功机会。
--The value of the diamond was assessed at $20,000.
--It's difficult to assess the effects of the use of multimedia in English language teaching in one semester. 很难估量出一学期的教学中使用多媒体的效果。
24)judgment: n. 1) opinion about sth. 意见,看法
eg --In your judgment, what has caused the students' failure in the examination?
依你所见,学生考试不及格的原因是什么。
--My judgment is that the students have spent too much time on extracurricular activities.
我的看法是学生课外活动的时间太多。
2) the ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions 判断能力
eg --He was employed as manager of the Personnel Department because of his excellent judgment.
--I respect my father's judgment and I'll follow any advice he gives me.
我尊重父亲的判断力,我会按照他的意见行事。
8. Like the time he helped save a family member.(L.47): He did just that when he helped save a family member. 比如他那次在救他的家庭成员时就是这样。
25)thrive: vi. 茁壮成长,兴旺
eg --Trees and flowers won't thrive without sunshine.树木花草无阳光不会茁壮成长
--A business can't thrive without good management.企业没有良好的管理不会兴旺
26) at first: at the beginning 起先,起初
eg --At first I thought that the shop was empty, then a man appeared from behind one of the counters.
--Jack felt tired at first, but soon got used to the long working hours.
--At first my little daughter was reluctant to go to kindergarten but she liked the life there soon.
[辩异] at first… at last… 起初…,最终…。(表示事情发生的起始和终了)
first / firstly…,(second / secondly…) finally …= in the first place…, in the last place…
首先…,(第二…,) 最后…。(表示例举 / 类举)
27)emergency: n. an unexpected and dangerous event which must be dealt with at once
紧急情况,突发时间
eg --In an emergency , call 110. 紧急情况请拨打110。
--The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an emergency landing. 飞行员被迫作紧急迫降。
--The emergency services are the fire brigade, the police, and the ambulance service.
应急服务有消防队,和救护车。
28)go wrong: stop developing well 出故障,有毛病
eg --Something suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay. 我在写论文,突然电脑出了点毛病。
--Everything went wrong with my computer after I installed that new program.
电脑安装了新程序后连连出故障。
--I didn't watch the live opening ceremony of the World Cup yesterday because television went wrong again. 我没有参加昨天的世界被开幕式直播,因为电视再次出了问题。
29)throw up: vomit; give up 呕吐;抛弃
eg --All of a sudden, he threw up his dinner. 突然,他把吃的晚饭都吐了出来。
--No one can tell why he threw up Annie for another girl.无人能说明为什么他抛弃安妮去追求另一个女孩。
9. … something he'd never been trained to do.(L. 54): … he had never been trained to do in the way. …这是它从未被训练过的。
30)size(sb. / sth.) up: from an opinion about ; get an idea of 估量,判断
eg --I don't like the way the sales assistants in that shop size you up as you walk through the door.
我不喜欢在你走过门口时商店营业员评价你的那种样子。
--Some manufacturers have been sizing up some African countries as possible market for their motorcycles. 一些厂商一直断定非洲国家是他们最有可能摩托车市场。
--I felt insulted by the way my father sized up my boyfriend.
父亲以那种方式对我男朋友的估量我觉得是对我的侮辱。
--She sized up her new teacher and decided he was strict but fair. 她评估她的新老师,认为他严格而公平。
31)release: vt. set free 释放,放出;公开发行
eg --Some animals in the zoo had been released from its cage.
--He was released from prison after serving tow years of a five-year sentence.
他被判刑五年,服刑两年后便获释出狱了。
--Some people believe in shouting at the top of one's lungs in the early morning to release inner animals. 人们认为清晨大声吼叫能释放心中的烦躁。
--She released her pet bird from their cage each day. 他每天把他的爱鸟从笼子里放出来。
[搭配] release sb. / sth. from
[辩异] reveal 揭露,展示,暴露,透露, / relieve减轻,释负
/ release释放,放出,公开发行 / realize意识到,明白,感悟
32) evidence:[u] n. sth. that gives a reason for believing sth.; trace 证据;迹象
eg --There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.
许多迹象表明疾病部分地是由紧张引起。
--Scientists haven't found any evidence of life on other planets.
科学家还没有发现别的星球上有生命存在的迹象。
--We don't have enough evidence to prove him guilty. 我们没有足够的证据表明他是有罪的。
[搭配] evidence of / for / to do sth. / that …
[派生] evident adj. 明显的,明白的 evidently adv. 显然地
eg --It's evident that you've been drinking. 事情很明显,你一直在喝酒。
--He's evidently not very well. 很显然,他身体不好。 her evident unhappiness 她的明显的不快。
33)slide into: vi. move smoothly or silently and unnoticed; slip滑动;偷偷的走,溜掉
eg --The car is likely to slide into the ditch in rainy days. 下雨天车会滑进沟里。
--She slid into the room when no one was in it. 她里面没人溜进了房间。
34)deceive: vt. try to make (sb.) believe sth. that is false 欺骗,蒙骗
eg --You can't pass exams without working, so don't deceive yourself into thinking you can.
不学习是通不过考试的,所以你不要欺骗自己以为是通得过的。
--You deceived me, and I can't forgive you. 你骗了我,我饶不了你。
--They deceived the old man into signing the paper. 他们骗得老人签了字。
[搭配] deceive sb. / deceive sb. into doing sth.
35) look sb. in the eye(s): look directly and steadily at sb. because he / she is not embarrassed or ashamed. 直视,直盯着看
eg --I couldn't look him in the eye afterwards, knowing that I had lost all that money.
后来我都不敢正眼看他,因为我把钱都丢了。
--Can you look me in the eyes and say you didn't break the window? 你敢看着我说你没有打破窗户。
36)original: adj. first or earliest 最初的,原始的,原版的
eg --The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America. 印第安人是北美最初的居民。
--The land was returned to its original owner. 这块地归还给了它原始的主人。
--The original draft of his novel has been lost. 他的小说的原稿已丢失了。
[派生] original n. 原作;原文
eg --She wants to study English , so she can read Shakespeare's plays in the original.
他想学习英语以便能够阅读莎士比亚的原著。
37)give in (to sb. / sth.): admit a loss; surrender; yield 让步;屈服;投降
eg --She is determined not to give in until they give her a pay rise. 她决心到他们给她提薪了才让步。
--The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnappers' demands.
没有迹象表明当局屈从于绑匪的要求。
--I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and bought me a computer.
我逼迫父母直到他们让步,给我买台电脑。
38) underneath: prep. under or below 在…底下,在…下面;从下面,从底下
eg --The bomb exploded underneath his car as he was preparing to leave home.
在他准备离家时,就在他的车底下爆炸。
--Russell wore a white vest underneath his shirt. 卢塞尔把背心穿在衬衣里面。
--The insect crept underneath the door. 那只昆虫从门底下爬出。
39) survive: v. 1) remain alive, continue to live or exist 继续生存,幸存;在困境中坚持生存下去
eg --The baby was born with a problem with its heart and only survived for a few hours.
这婴儿出生心脏就有问题,只生存了几天。
--This tree has survived for many years. 这些树生长了许多年
--The plants may not survive that frost.
2) continue to live or exist after 幸免于难,死里逃生,大难不死
eg --It's a miracle that she survived the air crash when it brought about 109 deaths.
一百零九人在中丧生她却大难不死真是个奇迹。
--A few were killed but most survived in the earthquake. --She survived the accident.
40) wipe out: get rid of or destroy 消灭,消除,摧毁
eg --Smallpox(天花), which used to be a severe epidemic(流行性) disease, has been completely wiped out. 曾经到处流行的疾病天花已经被彻底消灭了。
--The bank agreed to wipe out their debts. 银行同意消除所有的债务。
--Whole villages were wiped out in the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水毁了。
10.Still, it is comforting to realize that other species besides our own can stand back and assess the world around them, even if their horizons are more limited than ours. (L.77): We feel it comfortable to realize that besides us humans other species can stand back and assess the world around them, though they can't assess the world in the same way as we do because of more limited knowledge and experience. 让人深感欣慰的是虽然除我们人类以外的其他物种,即便它们的视野比我们狭小它们也能退而求次之并且清醒地审视周围的世界。下载本文