Understanding Ideas
A child of Two Cuisines
享受美食的孩子
1 Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!
我在英国长大，我爸爸是英国人，妈妈是中国人。从能拿刀叉——还有筷子——开始，我就一直享受这两国的食物！
2 Mum has sweet memories of the food from her home town in Sichuan, and often cooks spicy dishes. Thanks to this, Dad has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. He once told me he was surprised by what he saw on the table when he first visited my mother’s parents in China. He was even shocked at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal. Even today, he still does not easily take to eating things like chicken feet.
妈妈对四川家乡的食物有着美好的回忆，她经常会做一些辣菜。正因为如此，爸爸已经逐渐爱上了火锅！但是，虽然与妈妈结婚多年，爸爸还是有一些不敢尝试的菜肴。他曾告诉我，第一次去中国拜访我妈妈的父母时，餐桌上摆的东西让他大吃一惊。在婚礼上，他更是吓了一跳，因为他差不多动物的所有部位中国人都吃。直到今天，他还是不习惯吃鸡爪之类的东西。
3 But I enjoy that sort of food myself. Last week, I went to the butcher’s and asked, “Do you have pigs’ ears?”“No,”the butcher said, pulling at his own ears, “just these ordinary ones.”He must have thought I was joking.
不过我自己很喜欢这类食物。上周，我去肉店问：“你们这里有猪耳朵吗？”“没有，”肉店老板拽了拽自己的耳朵说，“只有这种普通的耳朵。”他肯定觉得我是在开玩笑。
4 Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast”of bacon, eggs, beans, sausages and toast with butter—Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! He also does a typical Sunday roast. We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.
爸爸会做美味的“全套英式早餐”，有培根、鸡蛋、豆子、香肠和黄油吐司——不过我和妈妈得想办法让他进厨房！他还会做传统的星期天烤肉大餐。我们都喜欢烤牛肉和蔬菜，但妈妈说最好不要吃太多烧烤食物，因为根据传统中医的说法，这会引起上火。
kinds of food, and I did! I loved everything. But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu, a horrible gray thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe. “You needn’t try it if you don’t want to,”Mum said, but I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad. It reminded me of blue cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate. Maybe I’ll fall in love with stinky tofu—someday.
我永远不会忘记自己的第一次中国之旅。妈妈鼓励我尝试各种食物，我照做了！我什么都喜欢吃。可是就在我以为自己能够接受所有的中国食物时，我遇到了臭豆腐，一种可怕的灰色食物，样子和味道就像是烧焦的运动鞋。“如果你不想尝试的话，可以不吃，”妈妈说。但我还是鼓起勇气咬了一口，结果惊奇地发现味道还不错。它的味道让我想起了蓝纹奶酪，一种类似的有着浓重气味的食物，你要么你爱上它，要么会恨死它。也许我会爱上臭豆腐的——将来总有那么一天吧。
6 People say that one man’s meat is another man’s poison, but I feel at home with food from both my cultures. To me, there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup!
人们常说，一个人的美食是另一个人的砒霜(萝卜青菜各有所好)，但中英两种文化中的食物我都喜欢。对我来说，用英国饼干搭配一杯盛在细瓷杯中的中国乌龙茶——没有什么比这样一次跨文化的下午茶更好的了！
Unit 1 Food for thought
Developing ideas
Cold Truths
冰箱
Is there any truth behind the saying “You are what you eat”? We put this to the test by asking five people to open their fridge doors and talk about their lifestyles. Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person? Maybe you can recognize your own fridge here!
俗话说“人如其食”，这是真的吗？为了检验这句话，我们邀请五个人打开自己的冰箱，聊聊他们的生活方式。你能猜出哪个冰箱属于哪个人吗？也许你能在这里看到自家冰箱的影子哦！
Ellie 24 埃莉24岁
Junior doctor 实习医生
There’s not enough room to swing a cat in my small apartment, so I don’t cook very often. My fridge is usually half empty and I’m often too tired to eat much anyway. I often end up saving part of my meal for the next day. Some evenings, I’ll just have something quick, like toast, or even just a yogurt with honey. As a doctor, Iright now.
我的小公寓连转身的空间都没有，所以我不常做饭。我的冰箱通常都是半空的，反正我也经常累得吃不下多少。我经常会把一部分饭菜留到第二天吃。有的晚上，我会只吃些速食，比如吐司，或者只是酸奶配蜂蜜。作为医生，我知道我最好改变这种饮食方式，但我现在完全没有时间和精力。
Jenny 31 珍妮31岁
Teacher 教师
My husband and I avoid all products that come from animals. This means we don’t eat meat, and any milk or cheese had better be dairy-free. We like cooking at home and make our meals from fresh, seasonal fruit and vegetables. Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other’s days. If we have children, I want to bring them up just like us, but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices.
我和我的丈夫什么动物制品都不吃。这意味着我们不吃肉，牛奶或奶酪也最好不是动物乳制成的。我们喜欢在家做饭，用新鲜的时令水果和蔬菜来做饭。一起做饭给了我们放松的机会，也让我们聊聊彼此日常的情况。如果有了孩子，我想按照我们的生活方式养育他们，但我丈夫说，每个人都应该有权利选择自己的生活方式。
Ted 35 特德35岁
Construction worker 建筑工人
Each day at the construction site is more or less the same—tiring! When I get back home, there’s nothing more satisfying than a big meat dinner. I guess l have always been a big meat eater and in this house, no family meal is complete without some form of meat. I still don’t think that anything can beat my mum’s homemade sausages, though.
建筑工地上每天都差不多——累！回家后，什么都比不上一顿肉食大餐更让人满意了。我想我一直都挺爱吃肉的，在我家没有一顿饭菜是没有肉的。不过，我还是觉得什么也比不得上我妈妈做的香肠。
Mike 49 迈克49岁
Chef 厨师
With five children, we’re one big family! My wife and I both work full-time, so life can get pretty busy! Like a lot of chefs I know, I don’t really do much cooking at home. Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work. Once a week, we do a big shop and buy a lot of frozen food. I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables, but ready meals are so convenient.
我们有五个孩子，是一个大家庭！我和妻子都有全职工作，所以日子过得相当忙碌！就像我认识的许多厨师一样，我在家里并不怎么做饭。有时我会从上班的餐馆带一些吃的回来。我们每周一次大采购，会买很多速冻食品。我知道我们应该多吃新鲜水果和蔬菜，但是即食食品真的非常方便。
College student 大学生
There are five of us living in our shared student house. My mum says I need to have three healthy meals a day, but I’m too busy studying and meeting friends! We don’t really buy fresh food, and I suppose the fridge could be kind of cleaner (I)
daren’t let my mum see this photo!
我们五个人共住一间学生公寓。妈妈常说，一日三餐要吃得健康，但我的学习和社交生活太忙了！我们不怎么买新鲜的食物，而且我觉得冰箱应该再干净点儿……我可不敢让我妈妈看到这张照片！
Unit 2 Let’s celebrate
Understanding Ideas
THE REAL FATHER CHRISTMAS
真正的圣诞老人
1 Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas from when they were children. As parents, they try to keep that magic alive for their children for as long as they can.
许多人(长大以后)还依然记得来自童年时代的圣诞老人的魔力。为人父母之后，他们也想让自己的孩子尽可能长久地相信这份魔力的存在。
2 That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year. The man who wrote these letters is one of the most famous names in English literature—J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings. The letters were Tolkien’s way of keeping Father Christmas alive for his four children, over a period of more than twenty years.
有些人把圣诞节视为每年的特别时光，对于他们，《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本再合适不过的书了。写这些信的人是英国文坛的一位巨匠——《指环王(魔戒)》的作者J. R. R. 托尔金。二十多年来，托尔金以写信的方式让他的四个孩子相信圣诞老人真的存在。
3 Every Christmas, an envelope with a North Pole stamp arrived. It was addressed to Tolkien’s children. Who could it be from? The children must have been very excited as they opened it. Inside, they would find a handwritten letter from Father Christmas. The letters were also beautifully illustrated—each must have taken its true author, Tolkien, a long time to complete.
每年圣诞节，托尔金的家里都会收到一封贴有北极邮票的信，收件人是托尔金的孩子们。会是谁寄过来的呢？孩子们打开时一定很兴奋。他们会发现里面有一封圣诞老人的亲笔信。信里还配有精美的插图——它们真正的作者托尔金一定花了很长时间去完成每一幅画作。
adventures at the North Pole. A regular character in the letters was Polar Bear, who once climbed the North Pole (an actual pole in this case) and fell through the roof of Father Christmas’s house. In another letter, Father Christmas complained about how he could not stop his helpers playing games with the toys instead of wrapping them up. Interestingly, the letters did not contain the usual warnings to children that they might not receive their presents if they were not good. The letters did, however, change as Tolkien’s children got older: ... but if you find that not many of the things you asked for have come, and not perhaps quite as many as sometimes, remember that this Christmas all over the world there are a terrible number of poor and starving people.
这些信里讲述了关于圣诞老人在北极生活和探险的精彩故事。信中经常出现的一个角色是北极熊，它曾经爬上北极（在信中，北极是一根真的杆子），结果摔下来砸穿了圣诞老人家的屋顶。在另一封信中，圣诞老人抱怨说，他那些助手们非但没有把玩具包装起来，反而拿起玩具玩起了游戏，他怎么也没法让他们停下来。有趣的是，信中并没有那些常见的对孩子们的警告，比如表现不好就可能收不到礼物之类的话。不过，随着托尔金的孩子们逐渐长大，信的内容确实发生了一些变化：“……但是，如果你发现自己并没有得到很多你想要的东西，有时甚至所获无几，请记住，在这个圣诞节，世界各地还有很多的贫穷而饥饿的人。”
5 Letters from Father Christmas tells us that as well as enjoying the adventures of Father Christmas, Polar Bear and other characters at the North Pole, we can all share the true spirit of giving at Christmas time. By expressing love for his children in such a special way, Tolkien may indeed have been the real Father Christmas.
《圣诞老人的来信》告诉我们，在圣诞节，除了欣赏圣诞老人、北极熊和其他一些生活在北极的人物的冒险故事之外，我们还可以共同体会真正的奉献精神。托尔金以如此特殊的方式表达了对孩子们的爱，他可以算得上是真正的圣诞老人。
Unit 2 Let’s celebrate
Developing Ideas
Time for a Change?
传统该不该改？
Social Insights
社会见解
A family dinner is an important tradition to celebrate Spring Festival. Nowadays, some people choose to have the dinner in a restaurant, but not everyone is keen on this idea. What do our readers think?
年夜饭是春节的一项重要传统。如今，有些人选择在饭店吃年夜饭，不过，不是每个人都支持这一想法。读者朋友们，你们怎么看呢？尊敬的编辑，
1 We have eaten out for the Spring Festival family dinner for the last three years, and we have enjoyed it no less than eating at home. I don’t understand why some people refuse to embrace the change.
最近三年，我家都是在外面吃年夜饭的，和在家吃比起来，在外面吃一样开心。我不理解为什么有些人拒绝接受改变。
2 Can’t they admit that the preparations for the dinner are hard work? I really don’t think it’s worth the effort of spending so much time preparing for a single meal, and then another hour cleaning up the mess after it’s over. We work all year, so why can’t one day be about spending time with family and relaxing?
难道他们不觉得准备年夜饭很辛苦吗？花这么长的时间准备一顿饭，然后饭后再花一个小时来收拾，我真心觉得不值。辛苦一年了，为什么不能用这一天的时间陪陪家人，放松一下呢？
3 Eating out is a good choice and it has nothing to do with loss of traditions. We still have the dinner with the same people, just in a different place. The occasion is more enjoyable without all that tiring cooking, and the dishes taste better!
在外面吃年夜饭是个不错的选择，而且这也谈不上丢弃传统。我们还是和同样的人一起吃饭，只是换了地方而已。不用辛苦地做饭，用餐会更加令人愉悦，而且(饭店的)饭菜味道也更好！
4 In my opinion, what or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve really doesn’t matter. Eating out may change the form of this tradition, but the love between the family members sitting around the table together remains the same.
在我看来，除夕夜我们吃什么、在哪里吃并不重要。在外面的饭店吃年夜饭可能会改变这个传统的表现形式，但是围坐在餐桌前的家人之间的亲情并没有改变。
Wang Peng, software engineer
王鹏，软件工程师
Dear Editor,
尊敬的编辑，
1 For this year’s Spring Festival family dinner, my son has booked a table at the best restaurant in town, but I’m a bit unhappy about it. For me, it just won’t feel like Spring Festival having the diner out.
今年我儿子在城里最好的饭店订了桌年夜饭，可我不怎么高兴。对我来说，在外面吃年夜饭感觉不像过年。
2 When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was what I looked forward to most. It was not only for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, but for the opportunity to have our whole family gathered together. I would run
mother’s feet in the kitchen, watching her make dumplings. She’d put tokens in some dumplings: candies for a sweet life and peanuts for a long and healthy one. In the evening, all of us would sit around the table, enjoying the food and being together again. We toasted each other, we laughed, and the simple, homemade dishes tasted more delicious than anything cooked by a top chef.
小时候，我最期待的就是除夕的年夜饭。不仅可以吃到平时难以吃到的美食，而且全家人能有机会团聚在一起。那时我会在家里跑来跑去，听大人们闲聊他们这一年的情况。我还会缠着在厨房做饭的妈妈，看着她包饺子。她会在有些饺子里放一点儿“彩头”：糖果寓意生活甜美，花生寓意健康长寿。到了晚上，我们都围坐在餐桌前，享受美食和团聚的乐趣。大家互相敬酒，谈笑风生，简简单单的家常菜吃起来比顶级厨师做的饭菜都要美味。
3 I hope my children and their children will still value our memories of preparing the dinner together. To me, the process is even more important than the dinner itself.
我希望我的子孙后代依旧珍视全家人一起准备年夜饭的回忆。对我来说，准备的过程比年夜饭本身更重要。
Liu Yonghui, retired teacher
刘永辉，退休教师
Unit 3 On the move
Understanding Ideas
A Game for the World
全世界都热爱的运动
1 These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
如今，足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想要把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。当时它被称为蹴鞠（意为“以脚踢球”），使用的球的由动物皮革填充毛发制成的，球门是悬在半空中的。我们如今所熟知的足球始于英国，在那里这项运动被赋予了新的规则。
2 That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don’t need expensivecan see kids playing to their hearts’content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pelédid when he was a boy.
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这也许是足球受欢迎的根本原因。它也是一项花费很少的运动。你不需要昂贵的设备，连球也不会花费太多钱。在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们用塑料袋团成的球尽情玩耍——贝利小时候也就是那样的。
3 Another factor behind football’s global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.
足球得以风靡世界的另一个因素是在球场上展示出来的创造力和激动人心的氛围。其精彩程度足以吸引数百万人。你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。
4 What’s more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field. Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
此外，足球还成为了人们最好的沟通方式之一：无需话语，但是每个人都能理解。它打破了隔阂，将赛场内外的人们凝聚在一起。以1914年圣诞节那场著名的足球比赛为例，虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月前，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的一刻。
5 “Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, ... ”said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can assure you it is much, much more important than that.”This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realise that our planet is shaped like a football.
“有些人认为足球事关生死，……”著名足球运动员兼教练比尔·尚克利曾这样说过，“我可以向你保证，足球远比生死重要得多。”这听起来或许有点儿夸张，但是只要想想地球，你就会意识到我们星球跟足球的形状一样呢。
Unit 3 On the move
Developing Ideas
Running into a Better Life
跑出更好的生活you are a runner with a story to tell, get in touch—we’d love to hear from you!
我们是一个让跑步者分享跑步故事的国际网站。所以，如果你是一位有故事要讲的跑步者，请我们联系吧——我们期待你的来信！
Li Yue, 16, Beijing
李跃，16岁，北京
I was born with asthma and I never thought I’d be a runner! I only joined my local athletics club because my doctor told me that in my particular case exercise could improve how my lungs work. But before I knew it, I was taking part in local races. As my fitness and my running improved, I started running in national competitions. This year I won silver in the under 18’s 10,000 meters! And who knows, next year I could win gold!
我生来就患有哮喘，所以我从没想过自己会成为一名跑步运动员！我之所以参加本地的运动俱乐部，是因为医生说，对于我这种特殊情况，运动可以改善我的肺部功能。但是没过多久，我就开始参加本地的比赛了。随着身体健康状况的改善和跑步能力的提高，我开始参加全国跑步比赛。今年，我获得了青少年一万米长跑的银牌！说不准我明年就能得金牌了！
Sarah, 36, Montreal
萨拉，36岁，蒙特利尔
Not so long ago, I didn’t do any exercise—not even any jogging! Then I discovered an app called Running Power. It lists your performance against other runners in your social network. At first, I kept running just to see my name in the top five. Soon, I found that I was not alone—I came across other runners in the same area running for the same purpose! Now I no longer use the app, but I’ve fallen in love with running, and still do it with my running friends.
就在不久前，我还什么运动也不做——甚至都不会去慢跑！后来我发现了一款名为“奔跑的力量”的应用程序。它会按照跑步的表现把你和你社交网络上的其他跑步者进行排名。起初，我坚持跑步只是为了在前五名中看到我的名字。很快，我发现不只是我有这样的目的——我遇到了和我住在同一地区且有着同样目的的其他跑步者！虽然我现在不再使用这款应用程序了，但是我已经爱上了跑步，现在仍然与我的跑步朋友一起跑步。
David, 52, New York
戴维，52岁，纽约
As a computer engineer, there’s always a new challenge just around the corner! It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. To help deal with this, I go running as often as I possibly can. Whether I’m at the gym or on the road, my nervous energy pushes me through mile one. By mile two, the tension has moved from my mind to my legs. By the end of the run, all my stress has disappeared and I’m ready to face the next day at work!
作为一名计算机工程师，我总是面临着随时到来的挑战！然而，有时候压力是非常大的，这也相应地会让我感到焦虑。为了缓解焦虑，我会尽可能多地去跑第二英里，这种紧张感就从大脑转移到了双腿。等我跑完全程，我所有的压力都消失了，我已经准备好迎接第二天的工作了！
Grace, 25, Manchester
格雷丝，25岁，曼彻斯特
This year I entered the Great Gorilla Run in London. This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s last remaining gorillas from dying out. Each runner receives a gorilla suit and off they go! It’s a bit hot and sweaty inside the suit, and my legs ache, but it’s a lot of fun. The funniest moment was when someone watching the race offered me a banana—a real treat for a running gorilla! I had a great day out in London, as well as helping to save gorillas!
今年我在伦敦参加了大猩猩跑。这是一个由大猩猩保护组织举办的活动，旨在筹集资金保护世界上仅存的大猩猩免于灭绝。每个跑步者都会领到一套大猩猩衣服，穿上就可以跑了！穿着这套衣服跑步感觉有点热，我出了很多汗，腿也跑酸了，但我还是觉得这很开心。最有趣的时刻是看比赛的人给了我一根香蕉——这对于奔跑的大猩猩来说真是一顿美食！我在伦敦度过了愉快的一天，同时也为拯救大猩猩出了力！
Unit 4 Stage and screen
Understanding Ideas
When HAMLET meets PEKING OPERA
当《哈姆雷特》遇上京剧
1 I thought I knew a lot about Hamlet. As a high school student with English literature as one of my main subjects, I have to! Shakespeare’s Hamlet is probably the most important play by the most important writer in English. Almost everybody knows “To be, or not to be”, right? Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town!
我本以为自己对《哈姆雷特》很了解。作为一名以英语文学为主课的高中生，《哈姆雷特》是我必学的内容！莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》应该是最重要的英语作家创作的最重要的戏剧了。几乎所有人都知道“生存，还是毁灭”，对吧？我看过好几部《哈姆雷特》的影视作品，这部戏剧我也看了好几遍，因此我充满了信心——直到城里来了京剧表演！
2 Dating back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. Does this mean it’s easier than a Shakespeare play to understand? To find out the answer, I just had to go and see The Revenge of Prince Zidan—the Peking Opera version of Hamlet.
京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有两百多年历史。这是否意味着京——京剧版的《哈姆雷特》。
3 Starting with an orchestra playing traditional Chinese instruments, the opera brought a completely new sound to my Western ears. At first, I thought what I heard was a violin, but later I learnt that it was an instrument with two strings called jinghu. Then, seeing the main characters come on stage, I was surprised! The costumes and masks were amazing. The performers of course sang in Chinese, but the music, exaggerated movements and mime helped get the meanings across to the audience. The voices themselves sounded really unique—some of the female voices were so high that I was sure they could break glass! And the stage was really simple:a decorated whip represented a horse, and a screen with Chinese characters, a study. Using such techniques, the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe.
戏一开场，是乐队弹奏中国传统乐器，我这个西方人的耳朵听到了一种全新的声音。起初，我以为我听到的是小提琴的声音，不过后来我才知道那是一种有两根弦的乐器，叫做京胡。然后，看到主角登场时，我感到十分惊讶！那些服装和脸谱都很棒。当然，演员们的唱词是中文的，但观众可以借助伴奏、夸张的动作和形体模仿来理解表演内容。那些唱腔听起来非常独特——有的女声声调如此之高，以至于我觉得可以震碎玻璃！舞台的布置非常简单：有装饰的马鞭就代表马，写有汉字的屏风就代表书房。通过这些方法，京剧把一个小小的舞台变成了浩瀚的宇宙。
4 Easily my favourite part of the show was how the characters moved on stage. I had never seen Prince Hamlet do a backflip before! That was simply incredible. It was so dazzling and energetic that I wasn’t sure if the characters were performers or athletes! Everyone was clapping.
毫无疑问，演出中我最喜欢的部分是人物在舞台上的动作。我从没见过哈姆雷特王子表演后空翻！简直太不可思议了！那眼花缭乱的动作充满力量，我都不确定这些表演者到底是演员还是运动员！大家都使劲儿鼓掌。
5 Before experiencing The Revenge of Prince Zidan, I wasn’t sure if I would enjoy it. But, in fact, I was on the edge of my seat! Feeling the strong emotions of love, anger, fear and grief in the performance, I could easily recognise the theme of Hamlet. So, if you want to see a show that combines music, singing, drama, poetry and costume design with explosive effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes!
在亲身体验《王子复仇记》之前，我不知道自己是否会喜欢(京剧)。可事实上，我看得超级投入！通过从表演中感受到的爱、怒、惧、哀等强烈情感，我很容易就能看出《哈姆雷特》的主题。所以，如果你想看一场融合了音乐、演唱、戏剧、诗歌以及惊艳服饰的表演，那么《王子复仇记》再合适不过了！
Unit 4 Stage and screen
Developing IdeasGood Book, Bad Movie?
好书坏电影？
1 They say that “a picture is worth a thousand words”, but the briefest look at books and the movies based on them would have anyone questioning this common saying. All too often, great words end up being turned into cinematic “turkeys”.
人们常说“一图胜千词”，但是简单对照一下书籍和由之而改编的电影，就会让人们开始质疑这一说法。很多时候，优秀的文字作品最终却变成电影中的失败之作。
2 Good movies need good stories. If so, why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling, Homer’s The Odyssey, never had an equally great movie based on it? Movies need strong characters. So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as “great”? Movies of course need impressive images, so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as “interesting”?
好的电影需要好的故事。若是如此，那为什么西方叙事文本中最早且最优秀的作品之一——荷马的《奥德赛》——从未产生过同样优秀的改编电影呢？电影中需要个性鲜明的人物。那为什么基于《了不起的盖茨比》改编的电影从未被称赞为“优秀”呢？电影当然需要令人印象深刻的画面，那为什么由《爱丽丝梦游仙境》改编的电影顶多被称为“有点意思”呢？
3 One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours, This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen. This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can’t escape from, with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite characters in the movie versions.
这背后的一个重要原因是，一本书通常需要花几天的时间来阅读，而一部电影通常不会超过两小时。这就意味着优秀的书籍被搬上大银幕之后，会删减一些情节和人物。这是连大获成功的“哈利·波特”系列电影也无法避免的事情，有些书迷因为在电影中没看到自己最喜欢的一些角色而感到失望。
4 Movies also disappoint us when things don’t look the way we imagined them in the books. Take, for example, the epic movie Troy, which is in part based on Homer’s The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audience. The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen. Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”, influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.
电影呈现出的事物与我们读书时的想象的有落差时，我们也会备感失望。以史诗电影《特洛伊》为例，该电影部分改编自荷马的《伊利亚特》，观众对它的评论褒贬不一。其中最有争议的问题在于扮演海伦的女演员。许多人认为她配不上海伦“世界上最美丽的女人”这一称号，这在一定程度上影响了人们对这部电
5 There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes. Furthermore, books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules. With this in mind, perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right, and not against its original source. Interestingly, audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men, which can have many characters and gradual plot development. Perhaps, one day, readers of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby.
一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特。而且书籍和电影是两种不同的媒体形式，因此也遵循不同的原则。考虑到这一点，也许我们应该基于电影本身而不是将其与原始版本进行对比来评价电影。值得注意的是，观众已经逐渐将兴趣转向了《神探夏洛克》或《广告狂人》这样的电视连续剧，因为电视剧能展现更多人物，情节也得以逐步展开。也许有一天，F. 斯科特·菲茨杰拉德最杰出作品的读者们，会发现自己已被《了不起的盖茨比》的剧集深深吸引。
Unit 5 On the road
Understanding Ideas
Blogging Australia
用博客记录澳大利亚
1 Who are you and what do you do?
请介绍一下你自己和你从事的工作吧。
My name is Lauren Elizabeth Pirie Bath, Until a few years ago I was a chef, and a happy one at that, but I wanted more out of life. I wanted to TRAVEL. At that time I discovered blogging and found that I took pretty good pictures. So I decided to post pictures on my blog. In less than 18 months, there were over 200,000 people reading my blog! At first, I only regarded it as a hobby, but companies started paying me to take photos and publish them. In 2013, I was determined to make my dream come true: I would become Australia’s first professional photo blogger. It was a challenging job, but I did it. Now I spend three weeks out of every month travelling and have over 4,000 fans following me online. I’ve got to know more about this country and its people.
我叫劳伦·伊丽莎白·皮里·巴思。几年前我还是一名厨师，我也很喜欢那份工作，但我希望能够获得更多的生活体验：我想去旅行。就在那时我接触到了博客，并且我发现自己拍的照片很不错。所以我决定把照片发布在我的博客上。在不到18个月的时间里就有超过20万人看了我的博客！起初，我只是把这件事当作爱好，但逐渐开始有公司愿意付费请我拍照并出版我拍的照片。 2013年，性的工作，但我做到了。现在我每个月花三周时间旅行，在线关注我的粉丝超过46.4万人，而我对这个国家的风土人情也有了更多了解。
2 What is your connection to Western Australia?
你与西澳大利亚州的渊源是怎样的？
I first visited Western Australia for work in 2013. I fell in love with northern WA and have been back six times. Some of my favourite photographs were taken there. I have made over 140 work trips, but my best work trip ever was to Broome in the Kimberley region.
因工作原因，我于2013年第一次来到西澳大利亚州。我对西澳北部一见钟情，之后又去了那里六次。我最喜欢的一些照片就是在那儿拍的。我的工作旅行超过140次，但那些最棒的经历都是来自金伯利地区的布鲁姆镇。
3 What do you love most about Western Australia?
西澳最吸引你的是什么？
It is extremely beautiful and you can experience the indigenous Australia there more than anywhere else. The Kimberley region, in particular, is unique and untouched. As a photographer, I love the bright light and amazing colours: red rocks, green plants, blue-green waters and blue skies.
那里风景极其优美，在那里你可以体验最本土的澳大利亚风情。尤其是金伯利地区有着独一无二的原生态景观。作为一名摄影师，我钟爱那里明亮的光线和绚丽的色彩：红岩绿树，碧水蓝天。
4 How does your love of nature influence your photography?
你对大自然的热爱如何体现在摄影中？
To work full time in travel, you have to love nature. I try to take every opportunity to get outside and admire the natural world. I love to photograph the rising sun, so I force myself into the natural world by waking early each day. I also enjoy photographing animals, such as dolphins and kangaroos.
要把旅行当做全职工作，你必须热爱自然。我尽量把握每一个机会到户外感受大自然。我喜欢拍摄日出，所以我每天早起，让自己融入自然。我也喜欢拍摄动物，比如海豚和袋鼠。
5 Does your photography support environmental protection?
你的摄影对环保有帮助吗？
I hope so. I use my photography to make an impact on people, especially when it comes to environmental issues. Today I’ve been photographing a crocodile swimming close to our boat, the Kimberley Quest, all day. When I post the picture online, I will make a comment about how bad it is to feed wild crocodiles. Thisfamiliar with humans. Over time, this could make her a danger to people living in the area. If I can do something to make others aware of the problem, then that’s part of the solution.
我希望能够有所帮助。我通过拍照影响他人，尤其是涉及环境问题的时候。今天我一直在拍摄一条鳄鱼，它一整天都在我们乘坐的“金伯利探秘号”附近徘徊。我在网上发布图片时会附上评论，告诉人们投喂野生鳄鱼是多么糟糕的行为。这条鳄鱼已经习惯了船上游人们的投食，并且正在不断熟悉人类。时间长了，它就会成为附近居民的威胁。如果我能做点事情让别人意识到这个问题，那就能在一定程度上促进问题的解决。
Unit 5 On the road
Developing Ideas
Coast to Coast
穿越北美之旅
Hi Amy,
嗨，艾米，
1 We made it! My family and I have managed to cross the North American continent, from western to eastern Canada, in two weeks! I can’t wait to share the stories with you.
我们成功了！我和我的家人用了两周的时间，从加拿大西海岸到加拿大东海岸，成功横穿了北美！我已经迫不及待想和你分享这次旅行的故事了。
2 We started from Vancouver, where we picked up our vehicle for the trip—a home on wheels. It took us where we wanted, when we wanted. Dad did the driving but he has a poor sense of direction. We got lost a few times even with the help of GPS, but eventually we managed to cross the Rocky Mountains. I was hoping to see a bear or even an eagle, but all I saw was a small group of deer. The views were fantastic, though. There were forests, mountains with snowy tops and masses of ice. It’s like another world.
我们从温哥华出发，在那儿我们拿到了这次旅行的交通工具——一辆房车。它可以随时带我们去想去的任何地方。爸爸负责开车，但他的方向感很差。有好几次即使用了GPS，我们还是迷路了，但最终我们成功穿越了落基山脉。我本来希望能看到一只熊甚至是一只老鹰，结果却只看到了一小群鹿。不过沿途的景色还是挺美的。我们看到了森林，看到了白雪皑皑的山脉以及大片的冰原。仿佛是到了另一个世界。
3 We reached Quebec on the eighth day, where most people speak French. Well, actually, they speak Quebecois, which is a type of Canadian French. The funniest thing happened on that day. I’d fallen asleep, when I heard Dad’s phone ringing. He was driving, so I answered it. Guess who it was? Mum! It was then that I realised hersome petrol and Mum also got out to take photos, and you can guess the rest... She was so mad! To cheer her up, we went to a typical Quebec restaurant for lunch. We had the famous “poutine”, which is a dish of French fries, fresh cheese and a hot brown sauce called “gravy”. It’s usually followed by pancakes with maple syrup —delicious!
我们在第八天到达乐魁北克，那里的多说法语。不过确切地说，他们说的是魁北克语，这是加拿大法语的一种。那天发生了这一路上最有趣的事。当时我正在睡觉，忽然听到爸爸的手机响了。他在开车，所以我接了电话。猜猜是谁打过来的？是妈妈！那时我才意识到她的座位是空的！这是怎么回事？原来，在我睡着那会儿，爸爸停车加油，妈妈也下车去拍照，后来的事你应该可以猜到了……妈妈太生气了！为了哄她开心，我们去了一家地道的魁北克餐馆吃午饭。我们点了有名的“肉汁奶酪薯条”，这是一道由法式炸薯条、新鲜奶酪和一种叫做“肉汁”的褐色热酱汁做成的菜。吃完这道菜，通常要吃配枫糖浆的煎饼——味道好极了！
4 So, we’re now in Newfoundland, the very eastern part of Canada and the end of our journey. To celebrate, we went on a boat trip yesterday. Mum was using Dad’s phone to take photos of the colourful little houses along the coast when we saw something amazing—a killer whale! Mum was so excited that she dropped the phone into the sea. This time it was Dad’s turn to get mad! Anyway, another family from Quebec was also on the boat and they got some great photos of the whale. They’re going to send them to us when they get back home. What’s more, their son’s the same age as me. He’s so cool! We’re going to keep in touch, so I now have someone to practise French with!
我们现在在本次旅行的终点站——加拿大最东部的纽芬兰。为了庆祝，我们昨天乘船出海。正当妈妈用爸爸的手机拍摄海岸五颜六色的小房子时，我们看到惊人的一幕——一只虎鲸！妈妈太激动，结果把手机丢进了海里。这次轮到爸爸生气了！不过，来自魁北克的另外一个家庭当时也在船上，他们拍到了一些很棒的虎鲸的照片。他们回家后会把照片寄给我们。而且，他们的儿子和我一样大。他好酷！我们会保持联系的。所以，现在有人陪我练习法语了！
With love,
爱你的
Eva
伊娃
Unit 6 Earth first
Understanding Ideas
SHARKS: DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED?
鲨鱼：危险动物还是濒危动物？underwater. She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
我们看到一个女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。突然，她被什么东西拖到水下。她挣扎着浮出水面，发出惊恐的尖叫，然后就彻底消失了。这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开场画面，呈现了鲨鱼攻击人类的画面。电影讲述了一条大白鲨袭击并杀死游泳者的故事。电影大获成功，吸引了大量观众并赢得了众多奖项。这部电影也加深了人们对大白鲨的固有印象：这是一种危险的动物。
2 People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed.
人类本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》使这种情况变得更糟。让人们对鲨鱼，特别是大白鲨，心生恐惧。许多看过这部电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。而另外一些人则开始无所顾忌地捕杀鲨鱼。当时，没人在意鲨鱼是否杀死，也没人在意杀了多少。人们认为鲨鱼死有余辜。
3 After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly, and soon fell around the world. This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully. The fins are used in shark fin soup. Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
1975年之后，在美国附近海域里，大型鲨鱼的数量迅速下降，这一趋势很快蔓延到全球。这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。采割鱼鳍是一种捕猎活动，人们捞到鲨鱼后将其鱼鳍割下，鲨鱼被扔回海里中缓慢而痛苦地死去，割下的鱼鳍用来做鱼翅汤。每年有数百万的鲨鱼因此丧命。
4 Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight. It was an area where fishermen were finning, and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks. Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him. He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks. He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’behaviour. “Sharks don’t target humans,”he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Only around six people are killed by sharks every year.到的影响。1980年，本奇利在潜水时看到了可怕的一幕：渔民们正在这片海域采割鲨鱼的鱼鳍，海底遍布了死去的鲨鱼。本奇利亲眼目睹鲨鱼被杀，这引起了他内心的深刻转变。他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。从那天起，他开始为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认自己书中关于鲨鱼行为的描述是不正确的。“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标。”他说。专家们也已经证明了鲨鱼不会将人类视为食物，它们对人类的攻击都是无意的。每年因鲨鱼攻击致死的人数在六人左右。
5 Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks —some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。如今，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。
Unit 6 Earth first
Developing Ideas
What’s really green?
哪些才是真正的环保做法？
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths”have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green?
我们大多数人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但是近来，一些“绿色环保”被证实并非完全是正确的，甚至是无稽之谈。下面列举了一些常见的环保观念，其中哪些是真正的环保做法？
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones?
纸质购物袋比塑料袋好？
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造成伤害。塑料的分解需要数百年的时间，而纸的降解时间要短得多。因此人们认为纸袋是更为环保的选择。
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
过程也会产生更多的温室气体。
In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
事实上这两种袋子都不够环保，所以出门购物时请带上一个可重复使用的袋子。
When you turn off a device, it stops using power.
关掉的电器不耗电？
When we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand-by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
当我们关掉电视等电器时，它会进入待机状态。这种状态下的电器仍然耗电，而且越旧的电器耗电越多。这是因为电器即使已经被“关掉”了，却依然有电流从电器中流失。为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。
Eating local food is good for the environment.
吃本地食物更有利于环保？
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.
这似乎是常识：吃本地产的食物更环保，因为不需要长途低温运输。然而事实没有那么简单。相比于运输，食物的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及生产大部分温室气体的原因。在有些情况下，即使将运输因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。
It’s better to take a shower than a bath.
淋浴比泡澡更好？
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you’ll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
这取决于你淋浴的时间和你浴缸的大小。如果淋浴超过八分钟，那么耗水量就和泡澡一样多——大约为五十升水。所以，节水的关键在于尽量缩短淋浴的时Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what’s really green.
环保意识已经融入了人们的日常生活，但我们仍需仔细辨别我们已经习以为常的理念和观点中哪些才是真正“绿色环保”的。下载本文
