Task 1
1. b 2. a 3. d
Task 2
A
1. T 2. F 3. F
B
1. d 2. c 3. c
C
1. climate 2. reputation 3. extraordinary 4. unreliable 5. dry 6. wet 7. clear 8. dull 9. hot 10. cold 11. bad 12. mild
Task 3
1. the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steams
2. concrete; take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at night; Warmer winters, car engines; electrical appliance
3. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth; Ice near the North and South poles to melt; to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land
Task 4
A
1. b 2. c
B
1. night 2. delight 3. morning 4. warning 5. gray 6. way 7. red 8. head
C
1. F 2. T 3. F
Task 5
1. c 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. c
Task 6
A
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T
B
1. incredible 2. one minute 3. one kilometer 4. destroyed 5. lifted up
6. carried away 7. killed 8. injured
Task 7
A
1. b 2. a 3. b
B
1. For today: It has been nice weather during the day, but it is going to change at night.
2. For the weekend: Fine weather in southern Europe and not so nice in northern Europe
C
For today
Southeast England---26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon
Southern Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21 degrees
Brighton---15 hours of lovely sunshine
Midlands---23 degrees Celsius by early afternoon
Northwest of Scotland---Light showers around midday
For the weekend
Spain---34 degrees Celsius
Greece---32 degrees Celsius
France---Cloudy with rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degrees
Northern Ireland---Heavy rain, 17 degrees Celsius
Most of England---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23 degrees Celsius
Task 8
Natural Phenomena Air Pressure Causes
(Rise or Fall)
Faraway objects are Fall The dust particles begin to settle to the more sharply focused. ground in thinner air and the air clears.
Birds’ calls become Fall Instead of traveling upward and
Sharper. outward into the atmosphere they are bent back to the earth and their range extended.
Swamp doesn’t Rise The methane is trapped in the bottom
smell very strong. of the swamp because of the thick air.
Bird fly high. Rise Birds prefer to fly where the air is the densest and they can get greater lift with their wings
Smoke rise high in the air Rise Smoke rises with thicker air.
Elderly people’s joints ache. Fall The gas in our bodies expands in lower air pressure.
Task 9
A
Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.
B
f—c—a—d—b—e
C
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F
D
1. d 2. b
Task 10
Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in winter. In Lhasa, the mildest city in Tibet, temperatures may exceed 29 degrees Celsius in summer while plummeting to -16 degrees Celsius in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunlight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that there are great temperature extremes on the same day! The average temperature in northern Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July or August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperatures, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September represent the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are blocked by heavy snow. Land slides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.
Unit 3 Social Issues
Task 1
A
1. Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs.
2. The most stressful professions are those that involve danger and extreme pressure and those that carry a lot of responsibility without much control.
3. The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer is to fight back or walk away.
B
1. Three- quarters 2. psychologists, doctors
3. nervousness, anger, frequent illness, forgetfulness, mental problems
Task 2
A
1. give in so easily to hijackers’ demands
a) threaten to blow up a plane, commit some other outage
b) hold out against this kind of blackmail, always have terrorists, Start executing terrorists automatically
c) be prepared to face the consequences of evil
2
a) It’s the lesser of two evils. Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business.
b) Innocent lives, threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.
B
1. She implies that if the first speaker was one of the victims of terrorism, she would want the government to give in to the demands so that she wouldn’t die.
Task 3
A
1. thirty-five, natural light, a small window, hot, airless, very noisy
2. Mexico 3. ought to, shouldn’t
B
1. It is located in a narrow street with five-and six-storey buildings eight kilometers from downtown Los Angeles.
2. This factory makes shirts and jeans
3. She’s already been working for ten hours, but won’t stop for another two hours.
4. She can’t complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.
Task 4
A
Every year the British government publishes statistics about social trends. Their findings show definite patterns in the British way of life.
1. marked differences
a) one hour more every day, three hours more every week
b) 1 percent, cleaning and ironing, keep household accounts, do repairs or improvements
c) 30 percent
2. leisure activities, watching television, 20 hours a week, going for walks, Swimming, British women
B
1. Unlike the other couples, Carla has always kept her won accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.
Task 5
A
Topic: How a city in Japan solve the problem of garbage disposal.
Supporting details: 160 million, every year, 10 percent, 10 percent, the rest, public cooperation
1. garbage that can be easily burned, kitchen and garden trash
2. electrical appliances, plastic tools, plastic toys
3. are poisonous, cause pollution, batteries
4. bottles and glass containers that can be recycled
5. metal containers that can be recycled
6. furniture and bicycled
on different days, on request, fertilizer, to produce electricity, recycled, cleaned, repaired, resold cheaply, give away
B
1. The garbage will be taken to a center that looks like a clean new office building or hospital. Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort and process the garbage.
2. official from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.
Task 6
1. They were talking about Mrs. Carter.
2. She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a week.
3. She lived alone in a large house on an old farm---about three miles from the shop.
4. He was absolutely certain, otherwise he would never call the police. His evidence was this: First, he saw her do it; second, he found the things in her bag; third, she had done it before.
5. Because two young people saw her. The shopkeeper believed that if they didn’t punish her, young people would think that stealing didn’t matter.
6. The judge thought that it was difficult case from a humanitarian point of view. The excuses her found for her were: First, the woman was old and she lived alone---she was lonely. Second, she wasn’t poor---she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didn’t need to steal. Te items were only worth a pound or two. Third, she pleaded not guilty and she didn’t know that she had done it.
Task 7
A
Topic: According to the urban planner, not all modern cities are alike. There seem to be two types of modern city.
1. a single high-density center, skyscrapers, motorways, as far as you can see
2. the low-density multi-center city, a large collection of a number of small centers, shopping centers, factories, businesses, skyscrapers
B
1. He thinks that the second type( the Los Angeles model) is more sensible.
2. He considers it highly likely that the kind of city we know now will completely disappear.
Task 8
A
1. He thinks that this country’s problems all come from inflation, which is the result of the Democrat’s careless spending.
2. No, she doesn’t agree with Ned. She believes that the problem is unemployment. If the government cuts spending too much, people will fall into a vicious circle of more unemployment and fewer taxpayers to share the burden.
3. She agrees with Barbara. She believes that unemployment is a big problem, especially in the big industrial cities. And the government isn’t doing very much to help the big industries out.
4. He believes in the free market system rather than government regulation or protection. He thinks that without a lot of government interference everything will be okay.
5. No, they think it’s bad for the weak, the poor and the unprotected/ it’s bad for the underprivileged.
B
1. more and more money 2. come from somewhere 3. higher taxes and higher prices
Task 9
A
1. The problem is whether or not the inner city---the core of most urban areas---will manage to survive at all.
2. They moved to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room, and privacy.
3. As a result, suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside. Many cities began to fall into disrepair. And many downtown areas existed for business only.
4. The result was that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more.
5. Because from the decision of the Taylors and many other young couples, we can see that some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life.
B
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T
C
1. middle-class, tax money, neighborhoods 2. Crime, public transportation
3. housing construction costs, was allowed to, constructed
Task 10
A
1. 54. 20. 1980, 70,000 2. 30, 1980 3. a newspaper article, to research the market 4. another few months, in April 1981, a 1,500 sq ft
5. third, Canada, America, 20 percent, ￡1 million 6. 20, 70, 3
B
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
C
1. He was deeply involved in the present job and rather enjoyed himself. He thought the shop was his own little baby and thought it was fun to serve behind the counter. However, he also thought that there was a lot more hard work than he was used to; he was working over the weekend doing his books. He called his old job “boring trips to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC.”
2. He thought that there was far more job satisfaction; and believed that he was making money, rather than making money for other people.
3. He’s about to diversify into commercial distribution of imported and domestically produced wine and wines he’s producing himself.
Task 11
I could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran onto the platform and up to the train. Luckily, someone saw me coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the train was moving out of the station. “Phew!” I thought. “That was hard work!” I was sure the other passengers could hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I was in a cold sweat.
After a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other passengers. The compartment was full, but I was the only one standing. The people in the carriage turned their eyes away as they noticed me liking at them. All except one, a beautiful woman sitting in the corner. I saw her watching me in the mirror. Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had seen me running for the train: maybe this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say hello.
She spoke first, however. “Would you kike my seat?” she asked. “You look rather ill.” That was the day on which I realized I was getting middle-aged.
Unit 4 Literature
Task 1
1. They were orphans and had nobody to support them.
2. Each boy was given only one bowl of gruel for supper and no more---far from enough.
3. They boys were so hungry that they could not bear it any more. They decided that tone of them must ask the master for more gruel. Olive Twist was chosen by casting lots.
4. He never thought that any boy would dare to ask for more food than the given portion. Therefore, he was both surprised and angry on hearing Oliver’s request.
5. He was struck on the head by the master and pushed out of the room. And for a week Olive remained prisoner in the cellar.
Task 2
A
1. F 2. F 3. T
B
1. d 2. b
Task 3
A
Name: Lewis Carroll; Occupation: mathematics; Oxford University
Literary works: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland; 1865;
Through the Looking-Glass; 1871
B
1. These stories are about a dream world in which Alice meets strange creatures and has interesting adventures.
Task 4
1. the Greeks 2. closed the gates of the city and stayed behind the walls
3. the Greeks 4. a huge wooden horse 5. hide inside it 6. the horse
7. they stopped 8. hid their ships 9. Greek prisoner 10. the horse
11. The Greek soldiers 12. the wooden horse
Task 5
A
1. c 2. a
B
1. All the animals thought that he was the king of beasts. Actually he was a coward. He was afraid of human beings and other big animals. He roared only to scare them away and never really hurt them.
2. Dorothy and her dog wanted to get back to Kansas. The Scarecrow wanted some brains and the Tinman wanted a heart. The Lion wanted to have courage.
Task 6
A
1. civil war 2. first; equality 3. battlefields; bloodiest 4. ordinary
B
1. d 2. c
Task 7
A
1. A red, red rose that’s newly spring in June and the melody that’s sweetly played in tune.
2. He will love her till all the seas are dried and the rocks melt in the sun. his love will last as long as the sands of life run(there is life on earth).
3. Yes, he is, and he will come back no matter how far it is.
B
June---tune I---dry sun---run while ---mile
Task 8
1. Tall stories, that is, unlikely ones.
2. Because he wanted to be a member of a certain club.
3. he went there because he was told that a lion came there each evening to drink water.
4. Sixteen times.
5. He killed sixteen lions.
Task 9
1. a young prince who lived on land; rose to the surface of the sea and waited for the prince to come to her; never came
2. a witch; changed her fish’s tail into a pair of human legs; she gave the witch her tongue
3. the prince’s palace; her feet hurt terribly; didn’t love her
Task 10
A
1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. a
B
1. e 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. c
Task 11
1. stuck a rock and began to break up; sank too; had survived
2. he was tied very firmly by a large number of fine ropes; about forty little men shot at him with their arrows, which hurt like needles; the little men gave him all the bread, meat and wine they had
3. 3. was seven feet by three feet, equipped with twenty-two wheels and pulled by fifteen hundred little horses
Task 12
Aesop was a very clever man who lived in Greece thousands of years ago. He wrote many good fables. He was known to be fond of jokes. One day, as he was enjoying a walk he met a traveler, who greeted him and said, “Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall get to town?”
“Go,” Aesop answered.
“I know I must go”, said the traveler, “but I should Like you to tell me how soon I shall get to town.”
“Go,” Aesop said again angrily.
“This man must be mad,” the traveler thought and went on.
After he had gone some distance, Aesop shouted after him, “You will get to town in two hours.” The traveler turned around in astonishment. “Why didn’t you tell me that before?” he asked.
“How could I have told you before?” answered Aesop. “I did not know how fast you could walk.
Unit 5 Education
Task 1
A
1. People’s ideas on permanent education.
2. One is an ordinary “man in the street”. The other is an educational psychologist.
3. The first person thinks this idea of permanent education is crazy. He can’t understand people who want to spend all their lives in school. The second person thinks the idea of permanent education is practical because people are never really too old to go on learning.
B
1. was; hated; stand; got out 2. all their lives 3. certain limits; age limits
Task 2
A
Age Schooling
Four Nursery School
Five The Infants’ School
Seven The Junior School
B
1. He stayed there for a year.
2. He has faint, but very pleasant memories of it. He had fun and played games---including story-telling, drawing, singing and dancing.
3. He began t have more formal lessons and even worry about exams.
4. The exam was called the “Eleven Plus”. Students took the exam to see what kind of secondary school they would get into.
Task 3
A
1. compulsory; the ages of 5 and 16; state-funded; independent
2. available; at a nursery school; in the nursery class at a primary school
3. preparatory; primary; aged 5 to 13
4. enter the state education system; at the age of 5; secondary school
5. 7, 11, 13 or 16; gain admission at 11 or 13; the Common Entrance Examination
6. one further year; Advanced Supplementary Examinations; Advanced Level Examinations
7. classroom; laboratory; work independently; undertake research for projects
8. vocational; conventional
9. secondary education; with A-levels; further; higher
B
1. GCSE stand for the General Certificate of Secondary Education. It is normally take at the age of sixteen.
2. Students usually study form 8 to 12 subjects over two years.
3. Some subjects take account of the work students do throughout the year, while others are assessed entirely by examination.
Task 4
A
Topic of This Discussion: Corporal Punishment
Interviewees Position on
This Topic Arguments/Reasons
For/Against
Kate For It’s difficult to teach children these days, when many of them know they won’t get jobs. It’s hard to control the class if you can’t punish them. Some children need discipline.
Rolf Against It always has been difficult to be a teacher. But you don’t have to use violence. It’s impossible to teach students about nonviolence and being good citizens when you are violent yourself.
Jane Against
Raoul For Its’ impossible to teach the rest of the class of you have one student who constantly misbehaves. It’s bad for the others.
B
1.. F 2. F
Task 5
A
1. Because the television program by that name can now be seen in many parts of the world.
2. This program is very popular among children. Some educators object to certain elements in the program. Parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.
3. In order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly.
4. 1) The reasons may include the educational theories of its creators, the
support by both government and private businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks
2) Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch “Sesame Street” along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on “Sesame Street”.
3) The best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more.
B
1. six million; regularly; half; economic; racial; geographical
2. fifty; Spanish; Portuguese; German; one hundred thousand; English; every two weeks
3. songs; stories; jokes; pictures; numbers; letters; human relationships
Task 6
A
1. It is to have all public schools connected to the Internet computer system and have computers available for all students.
2. Its web site provides information about the school, the teacher and their mail addresses. It also lists student events and organizations.
3. They learn numbers and letters. They also learn how to use the computers they will need later in their education.
B
1. 1994; 35%; Last year; %
2. universities; colleges; urge; require
Task 7
A
1. spoken; written; saying poetry aloud; giving speeches; advanced degrees; field of study; custom; candidates; doctor’s degree
2. written; nineteenth; the great increase in population; the development of modern industry; objective; personal opinions; memory of facts and details; range of knowledge; a fairer chance; easier; quicker; learning; essay; ling answers; broad general questions; the element of luck; put facts together into a meaningful whole; really knowing much about the subject; have trouble expressing their ideas in essay form; examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer.
3. unsatisfactory; along with
B
1. b
Task 8
Americans know that higher education is the key to the growth they need to lift their country, and today that is more true than ever. Just listen to these facts. Over half the new jobs created in the last three years have been managerial and professional jobs. The new jobs require a higher level of skills.
Fifteen years ago the typical worker with a college degree made 38 percent more than a worker with a high school diploma. Today that figure is 73 percent more. Two years of college means a 20 percent increase annual earnings. People who finish two years of college earn a quarter of a million dollars more tan their high school counterparts over a lifetime.
Unit 6 Work
Task 1
A
1. d—b---a---e---c
B
1. a
Task 2
A
1. a 2. b 3. d 4. c
B
1. T 2. T 3. F
C
wondered; television plays; exciting; every cigarette lighter; tape recorder; held in a certain way; the touch of a gold ring against the hand of; reveal; How wrong they were!
Task 3
A
Harry---Sailor Nora---Farmer(if she were a man)
Robert---Civil engineer Peter---Racing driver or explorer
B
1. a 2. b 3. c . b 5. d
Task 4
1. correspondents; columnist; may not need either; to go to places where events take place and write stories about them
2. first; bigger; better; who will soon leave to work for other people
3. working hours; free time; work long hours to begin with
Task 5
A
1. acd 2. abe
B
1. she is the wrong sex 2. she wears the wrong clothes
Task 6
Former Jobs When Laid-off Why Laid-off
1st man Car salesman Recently Low sales, due to the increase of interest rates
2nd man Worker at a vacuum 10 months ago Plant moved to Singapore where cleaner plant worker are paid much less
B
1st speaker---bcd 2nd speaker---ae
C
1. F 2. F
Task 7
A
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F
B
1. According to the first speaker, it is frustrating because the teacher cannot see clearly the results of his efforts.
According to the second speaker, English language teaching is a good job, because it guarantees a stable income and regular working hours and means less pressure. He also likes the way elderly teacher are.
Task 8
The interview with Michale:
1. No.
2. The work he used to do was not what interested him and what he likes to do cannot earn him enough money to support himself.
3. You do not have to get up it you don’t feel like it. You can spend your time on the things you want to do.
4. He believes he does things which are enjoyable for him and useful to people and the community.
The interview with Chris:
1. Very little value other than supporting oneself and ones family.
2. It is a bread-winning process. The activities in it can be valuable to society.
3. He thinks it harmful to both the environment and the society, for cars add to pollution and consume the scarce resources.
4. He thinks it a valuable job in any society.
5. He is perhaps a university teacher.
6. He regarded his job a “white collar” job, which he does with his mind and receives mental satisfaction from it.
Task 9
A
Interviewees Like their jobs Dislike their jobs Like jobs in part
(percent) (percent) (percent)
Men 91 5 4
Women 84 12 4
Men/Women 18-24 70 20 6
Men/Women 25-29 88 9 3
Men/Women 30-39 92 8 0
White-collar workers 87 8 4
Blue-collar workers 91 5 3
B
1. No major change. For some---less paperwork. Some---less working hours. Others---earn more money.
2. Most adults---would go on working. Esp. young adults (18 to 24)---9 out of 10 would go on working.
Task 10
A
According to Mother According to Cathy
Intelligence very bright reasonably intelligent
Interests music and dancing tennis and swimming, talking to people
Career inclination teacher or vet hairdresser
B
1. F 2. T
C
1. b 2. a
D
1. She really enjoyed meeting new people. She had good qualifications in English and Maths. She did not mind hard work, even if it was not always pleasant. She had the experience of looking after sick animals and her mother. She liked living away form home.
Task 11
I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The station’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Youth Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different, so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.
I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judged. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.下载本文
