试验设计与数据处理试验报告
正交试验设计
1.为了通过正交试验寻找从某矿物中提取稀土元素的最优工艺条件,使稀土元素提取率最高,选取的水平如下:
| 水平 | (A)酸用量/ml | (B)水用量/ml | (C)反应时间/h |
| 1 2 | 25 20 | 20 40 | 1 2 |
解:(1)列出正交表L8(27)和实验结果, 进行方差分析。
| 试验号 | A | B | A×B | C | A×C | B×C | 空号 | 提取量(ml) |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.01 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.33 |
| 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1.13 |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.06 |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1.03 |
| 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0.8 |
| 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.76 |
| 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.56 |
| K1 | 4.53 | 4.17 | 3.66 | 3.93 | 3.5 | 3.66 | 3.63 | |
| K2 | 3.15 | 3.51 | 4.02 | 3.75 | 4.18 | 4.02 | 4.05 | |
| k1 | 2.265 | 2.085 | 1.83 | 1.965 | 1.75 | 1.83 | 1.815 | |
| k2 | 1.575 | 1.755 | 2.01 | 1.875 | 2.09 | 2.01 | 2.025 | |
| 极差R | 1.38 | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.68 | 0.36 | 0.42 | |
| 因素主次 | A A×C B A×B B×C | |||||||
| 优选方案 | A1B1C1 | |||||||
| SSJ | 0.23805 | 0.05445 | 0.0162 | 0.00405 | 0.0578 | 0.0162 | 0.02205 | |
| Q | 7.7816 | |||||||
| 总和T | 7.68 | |||||||
| P=T^2/n | 7.3728 | |||||||
| SST | 0.4088 | |||||||
| 差异源 | SS | df | MS | F | 显著性 | |||
| A | 0.23805 | 1 | 0.23805 | 19.59259259 | * | |||
| B | 0.05445 | 1 | 0.05445 | 4.481481481 | ||||
| A*B | 0.0162 | 1 | 0.0162 | 1.333333333 | ||||
| C | 0.00405 | 1 | 0.00405 | 0.333333333 | ||||
| A*C | 0.0578 | 1 | 0.0578 | 4.7572016 | ||||
| B*C | 0.0162 | 1 | 0.0162 | 1.333333333 | ||||
| 误差e | 0.02205 | 1 | 0.02205 | 1.814814815 | ||||
| 误差e2 | 0.035 | 3 | 0.01215 | |||||
| F0.05(1,3) | 10.127949 | |||||||
| F0.01(1,3) | 34.11622156 | |||||||
| 可见A因素对实验有显著性影响 | ||||||||
2.为了提高陶粒混凝土的抗压强度,考察了A,B,C,D,E,F六因素,每个因素都有3个水平,因素水平表如下:
| 水平 | (A)水泥标号 | (B)水泥用量/kg | (C)陶粒用量 | (D)含砂率/% | (E)养护方式 | (E)搅拌时间/h |
| 1 2 3 | 300 400 500 | 180 190 200 | 150 180 200 | 38 40 42 | 空气 水 蒸汽 | 1 1.5 2 |
解:列出表,进行方差分析。
| 试验号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | |
| A | B | A×B | 空列 | C | A×C | 空列 | B×C | D | 空列 | 空列 | E | F | 抗压强度/KG.cm | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 98 |
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 97 |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 95 |
| 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 96 |
| 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 99 |
| 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 94 |
| 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 99 |
| 9 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 101 |
| 10 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 85 |
| 11 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 82 |
| 12 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 98 |
| 13 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 85 |
| 14 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 90 |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 85 |
| 16 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 91 |
| 17 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
| 18 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 80 |
| 19 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 73 |
| 20 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 90 |
| 21 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 77 |
| 22 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 84 |
| 23 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 80 |
| 24 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 76 |
| 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| 26 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 78 |
| 27 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 85 |
| K1 | 879 | 800 | 795 | 807 | 796 | 800 | 788 | 784 | 836 | 791 | 790 | 824 | 794 | |
| K2 | 785 | 790 | 807 | 790 | 802 | 792 | 802 | 800 | 799 | 800 | 804 | 785 | 801 | |
| K3 | 732 | 806 | 794 | 799 | 798 | 804 | 806 | 812 | 761 | 805 | 802 | 787 | 801 | |
| k1 | 293 | 267 | 265 | 269 | 265 | 267 | 263 | 261 | 279 | 2 | 263 | 275 | 265 | |
| k2 | 262 | 263 | 269 | 263 | 267 | 2 | 267 | 267 | 266 | 267 | 268 | 262 | 267 | |
| k3 | 244 | 269 | 265 | 266 | 266 | 268 | 269 | 271 | 254 | 268 | 267 | 262 | 267 | |
| 极差 | 147 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 28 | 75 | 14 | 14 | 39 | 7 | |
| 因素主次 | A1,B3,A*B2,C2,A*C3,B*C3,D1,E1,F23 | |||||||||||||
| 总和T | 2396.00 | |||||||||||||
| Q | 214418.00 | |||||||||||||
| P=T^2/n | 212622.81 |
| SSj | 1231.63 | 14.52 | 11.63 | 16.07 | 2.07 | 8.30 | 19.85 | 43.85 | 312.52 | 11.19 | 12.74 | 107.19 | 3.63 | |
| 方差分析表 | ||||||||||||||
| 差异源 | SS | df | MS | F | 显著性 | |||||||||
| A | 1231.63 | 2.00 | 615.81 | 214.74 | ** | |||||||||
| B | 14.52 | 2.00 | 7.26 | 2.53 | ||||||||||
| A×B | 11.63 | 4.00 | 2.91 | 1.01 | ||||||||||
| C | 2.07 | 2.00 | 1.04 | 0.36 | ||||||||||
| A×C | 8.30 | 4.00 | 2.07 | 0.72 | ||||||||||
| B×C | 43.85 | 4.00 | 10.96 | 3.82 | * | |||||||||
| D | 312.52 | 2.00 | 156.26 | 54.49 | ** | |||||||||
| E | 107.19 | 2.00 | 53.59 | 18.69 | ** | |||||||||
| F | 3.63 | 2.00 | 1.81 | 0.63 | ||||||||||
| 误差e | 59.85 | 8.00 | 7.48 | 2.61 | ||||||||||
| 误差e2 | 40.15 | 14.00 | 2.87 | |||||||||||
| F0.05(2,14) | 3.74 | |||||||||||||
| F0.05(4,14) | 3.11 | |||||||||||||
| F0.01(2,14) | 6.51 | |||||||||||||
| F0.01(4,14) | 5.04 |
由图可知,抗压强度是越大越好,在不考虑交互作用下,优方案选取k最大水平,即A1B3C2D1E1F.从方差分析结果看,交互作用对实验结果影响不大,所以不考虑交互作用,优方案为A1B3C2D1E1F.
3.用某种菌生产酯类风味物质,为了寻找最优发酵工艺条件,重点考察了葡萄糖用量x1(50~150g/L)和蛋白胨用量x2(2~10g/L)的影响,实验指标为菌体生长量y(g/L),其他发酵条件不变。实验方案和结果如下:
| 试验号 | z1 | z2 | z1z2 | y |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9.61 |
| 2 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 9.13 |
| 3 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 9.37 |
| 4 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 8.57 |
| 5 | 1.078 | 0 | 0 | 9.34 |
| 6 | -1.078 | 0 | 0 | 8.97 |
| 7 | 0 | 1.078 | 0 | 10.21 |
| 8 | 0 | -1.078 | 0 | 9.48 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.24 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.33 |
(2)对回归方程和回归系数进行显著性检验;
(3)失拟性检验;
(4)试验范围内最优试验方案的确定。
解:
| 试验号 | z1 | z2 | z1*z2 | z1' | z2' | y | y^2 | z1^2 | z2^2 |
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 9.61 | 92.35 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2.00 | 1.00 | -1.00 | -1.00 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 9.13 | 83.36 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3.00 | -1.00 | 1.00 | -1.00 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 9.37 | 87.80 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4.00 | -1.00 | -1.00 | 1.00 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 8.57 | 73.44 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5.00 | 1.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.53 | -0.63 | 9.34 | 87.24 | 1.16 | 0.00 |
| 6.00 | -1.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.53 | -0.63 | 8.97 | 80.46 | 1.16 | 0.00 |
| 7.00 | 0.00 | 1.08 | 0.00 | -0.63 | 0.53 | 10.21 | 104.24 | 0.00 | 1.16 |
| 8.00 | 0.00 | -1.08 | 0.00 | -0.63 | 0.53 | 9.48 | .87 | 0.00 | 1.16 |
| 9.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.63 | -0.63 | 10.24 | 104.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 10.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.63 | -0.63 | 10.33 | 106.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| SUMMARY OUTPUT | |||||||||
| 回归统计 | |||||||||
| Multiple R | 0.99 | ||||||||
| R Square | 0.98 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R Square | 0.96 | ||||||||
| 标准误差 | 0.11 |
| 观测值 | 10.00 | ||||||||
| 方差分析 | |||||||||
| df | SS | MS | F | Significance F | |||||
| 回归分析 | 5.00 | 3.02 | 0.60 | 48.07 | 0.00 | ||||
| 残差 | 4.00 | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 总计 | 9.00 | 3.07 | |||||||
| Coefficients | 标准误差 | t Stat | P-value | Lower 95% | Upper 95% | 下限 95.0% | 上限 95.0% | ||
| Intercept | 9.53 | 0.04 | 268.63 | 0.00 | 9.43 | 9.62 | 9.43 | 9.62 | |
| z1 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 4.25 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.31 | |
| z2 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 7.33 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.45 | |
| z1*z2 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 1.00 | -0.16 | 0.16 | -0.16 | 0.16 | |
| z1' | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 1.00 | -0.19 | 0.19 | -0.19 | 0.19 | |
| z2' | -0.25 | 0.07 | -3.67 | 0.02 | -0.44 | -0.06 | -0.44 | -0.06 | |
| y=9.53+0.19z1+0.33z2-0.25z2’ | |||||||||
| 失拟性检验 | |||||||||
| 差异源 | SS | df | MS | F | F0.1 | ||||
| 失拟(lf) | 0.05 | 3.00 | 0.02 | 3.81 | 53.59 | 因为f |
| 重复试验(ef) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
z’=z2*z2-0.63 代入上式中可知
Y=9.53+0.19*(x1-100)/50+0.33*(x2-6)/4-0.25*(x2-6)^2/16+0.25*0.63
整理可知y=8.07+0.038x1+0.275x2-0.016x2^2
(2)偏回归系数显著性检验:由上表“t-Stat”和“P-value”可知,偏回归系数z2对应的P-value《0.01,偏回归系数z1,z2’对应的P-value在0.01和0.05之间,所以x2对实验指标有非常显著影响(**),x1和交互作用x1x2也对实验指标有显著影响(*)
(3)由上图可知失拟性不显著
(4)规划求解结果
| 目标函数 | 可变单元格 | |
| 14.951063 | X1 | 150 |
| X2 | 8.593749869 |