题型有:1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译
词语翻译
英译汉
1. Electoral College
正确答案:总统选举团
2. gene silencing
正确答案:基因沉寂;基因沉默
3. Pacific Alliance
正确答案:拉美太平洋联盟
4. Paraplymic Games
正确答案:残疾人奥林匹克运动会
5. tight gas
正确答案:致密地层天然气
6. South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
正确答案:南亚区域合作联盟(南盟)
7. holographic imaging
正确答案:全息成像
8. Intercontinental Exchange
正确答案:美国洲际交易所集团
9. iambic pentameter
正确答案:五步抑扬格
10. 20
正确答案:线上到线下(Online to Offline)
11. B2C
正确答案:企业对消费者的电子商务模式(Business to Customer)
12. B20 Summit
正确答案:二十国集团工商峰会(Business 20 Summit,summit of business leaders from the G20 countries)
13. KPMG
正确答案:毕马威会计师事务所
14. The Three-Body Problem
正确答案:《三体》
15. International Court of Justice
正确答案:(联合国)国际(ICJ)
汉译英
16. 英国脱欧
正确答案:Brexit
17. 车联网
正确答案:Internet of Vehicles
18. 城市内涝
正确答案:urban waterlogging
19. “一带一路”倡议
正确答案:the Belt and Road Initiative
20. “众创、众包、众扶、众筹”
正确答案:crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowdfunding
21. 南海仲裁案
正确答案:South China Sea Arbitration
22. 分子生物学
正确答案:molecular biology
23. 采购经理人指数
正确答案:Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI)
24. 光合作用
正确答案:photosynthesis
25. “双11”
正确答案:Double 11 (Singles Day)
26. 乳酸菌
正确答案:lactic acid bacteria
27. 消费者信心指数
正确答案:Consumer Confidence Index (CO)
28. 跨境电商
正确答案:cross-border electronic commerce
29. 《本草纲目》
正确答案:Compendium of Materia Medica
30. 《尚书》
正确答案:Book of Documents
英汉互译
英译汉
31. In other words, the Windows-enabled PC gave everyone in the office the ability to create and manipulate digital content—words, data, pictures—at their fingertips on their desktops, which was a great leap forward from paper and typewriters. And, if your whole office was using the same hardware, software, and e-mail system, you could be even more productive, by seamlessly shooting your digitized content around your company, from department to department. But more often than not, back in the 1980s and early 1990s, companies did not run all the same software and hardware. Companies installed systems piecemeal or found that one computer-software system was good for the accounting department and another system was best for inventory management and a third was best for e-mail. Therefore, a company’s sales department might be running Microsoft, while the inventory department was running Novell or IBM. As a result, they could not communicate or collaborate digitally with each other—couldn’t work together on each other’s digital content, or certainly not without difficulty. So while each individual department was more productive inside its own walls, because it had computers, software, and e-mail, when there was an issue between departments that needed to be resolved, someone from sales still had to walk around the wall, over to inventory, and speak to someone there. Work still did not flow digitally, and collaboration did not happen digitally, as easily as it might have. We often forget that the software industry started out like a bad fire department. Imagine a city where every neighborhood had a different interface for connecting the fire hose to the hydrant. Everything was fine as long as your neighborhood’s fire department could handle your fire. But when a fire became too big, and the fire engines from the next neighborhood had to be called in, they were useless because they could not connect their hoses to your hydrants.
正确答案: 换句话说,依靠Windows操作系统启动运行的个人电脑的出现令公室里的每个人都拥有了创造并处理文字、数据、图像等数字化内容的能力,而他们需要做的不过是在办公电脑上动一动手指。比起纸张和打字机来说,这可谓一大进步。如果整个公司使用的是同样的硬件、软件和电子邮件系统,通过在公司内部无缝传输数字化内容,员工的工作会更加高效。但20世纪80年代到90年代初,公司内部运行的硬件和软件并不相同。那时,公司并非统一安装系统,他们可能发现一种计算机软件系统非常适合财务部,另一种系统最适合用于存货管理,而最适用于电子邮件的却又是另外一种系统。于是,公司的销售部门用的可能是微软,而存货部门用的却是Novelle或IBM,这导致他们无法展开数字通讯与合作,无法处理彼此的数字化内容,就算可以也是困难重重。因此,虽然因为电脑、软件和电子邮件的出现,各部门在部门内部的效率都提高了,但部门之间还是存在亟须解决的问题,比如销售部门的人仍需要绕过部门间的隔墙,走到存货部,和那里的工作人员交谈。此时,工作流程和部门间的合作仍未如其应该的那样轻而易举地实现数字化。我们时常忘记最初的软件行业就像是一个糟糕的消防队。想象这样一个城镇,其中每个街区用于连接消防水带和消防栓的接口全都不一样。只要你所在的街区的消防队能把火扑灭,那么万事大吉。可一旦火势太大,必须调用邻街的消防队,你会发现,他们来了也是白来,因为他们的水带口接不到你家的消防栓上。
32. A Chinese rural dwelling is a domain, a territorial unit set apart to function not only as living space for a family but often also as a place of gainful activity for the household. Commonplace and simple dwellings take many forms, varying to a greater degree than do either the different kinds of Chinese family or even their means of making a living. Each dwelling is a dynamic entity that expresses the organization , fortunes, status, and aspirations of those living within it. These factors may change as external and internal forces operate on the Chinese family guiding its passage from one form to another. Jia is the Chinese word for both home the dwelling, and family, the related members of the household who occupy it. The jia shelters the household, providing it with a haven from the changing forces of nature. Yet the layout of a dwelling is more than that of a static vessel for daily life. The dwelling is symbolic of family unity and sanctuary, a public statement of status as well as a tangible expression of the family’s aspiration. It is a dynamic entity that expresses in varying degrees the changing relationships within the family, symbolizing and accommodating evolving hierarchical patterns.
正确答案: 中国的农村民居是一个领域,一个与众不同的区域单位,它不仅是一个家庭的生活空间,还是一家人开展有偿活动的场所。平常的简单民居形态各异,差异程度较家庭类型甚至其谋生手段更甚。每座民居皆为一个充满活力的实体,展示居民的组织结构、财富地位和理想抱负。在内外力量的共同作用下,中国家庭形式发生变迁,而这些因素也随之改变。 汉语中的“家”不仅指作为居所的家,还指由其中彼此相关的成员构成的家庭。家为家庭提供栖息之所,如避风港般为其遮风挡雨。但就布局而言,民居不仅仅是承载日常生活的静态容器,它更象征着家庭团结和庇护,是彰显地位的声明,也是整个家庭理想抱负的一种有形的表达形式。作为鲜活的实体,民居在不同程度上反映了家庭内部的关系变化,象征并承载了不断演变的等级模式。
汉译英
33. 城市是人类文明的结晶。美国现代哲学家路易斯-芒福德(Lewis Mumford)说过:”城市是一种特殊的构造,这种构造致密而紧凑,专门用来流传人类文明的成果。”西方诸多文字中的“文明”一词,都源自拉丁文的“Civitas”(城市),这并非偶然。城市兼收并蓄、包罗万象、不断更新的特性,促进了人类社会秩序的完善,文明的聚变和财富的积累。人类缔造了城市,而城市则还诸人类丰富、精致而美好的生活。城市的出现让人们迈向更为安全、舒适、健康和欢愉的生活,而城市的不断发展也让这种美好的生活扩大到城市以外的地方。
正确答案: The city is a crystallization of human civilization. Just as the modern American philosopher Lewis Mumford put it, “ The city is a special structure which, fine and compact, has been designed to preserve and spread the fruits of human civilization. “ Many Western languages have derived their versions of the term “civilization” from the same Latin word “civitas” (meaning “city”) , and it is by no means a coincidence. By virtue of its embracing and regenerating nature, the city has played a significant role in the perfection of order in human society, the blending and changing of civilizations, and the accumulation of great wealth. Created by human beings, the city requites its creators with an ample, refined and beautiful life. The city has made human beings strive toward a safer, easier, healthier and happier life, and its continuous development has also expanded this better life beyond the city.
34. 主张治史要将史料竭泽而渔的陈垣,同样苦于近代史料的漫无边际。他说:“史料愈近愈繁。凡道光以来一切档案、碑传、文集、笔记、报章、杂志,皆为史料。如此搜集,颇不容易。”于是主张:“宜分类研究,收缩范围,按外交、政治、教育、学术、文学、美术、宗教思想、社会经济、工商业等,逐类研究,较有把握。且既认定门类,搜集材料亦较易。”这与近代以来西学影响下分科治学的时尚相一致。清季学人如刘师培等将中国既有学问附会西学分支,胡适、梁启超等人的整理国故,也着重提倡专史研究。影响之下,专史或专题研究形成风气,对此后学人的学术取向制约深远。
正确答案: Chen Yuan, the great historian who insisted on the importance of exhausting relevant source materials for any particular study, was also frustrated with the enormous quantity of historical literature. “The more recent an event, the greater amount of literature we have on it. “ He once said, “In fact, everything written since the reign of Emperor Daoguang — archives, tablet inscriptions, literary works, essay collections, articles and reports on newspapers and magazines — can serve as source materials, and consequently it is difficult for the scholar to locate and collect relevant materials. “ He went on to suggest that “historical study should be split up into smaller disciplines like foreign affairs, politics, education, learning, literature , fine arts, religion, social economy, industry and commerce, etc. , both for the sake of better research and for the convenience in gathering materials. “ This idea conformed to the broad trend toward specialization in learning under the influence of the West. Some scholars in late Qing period, Liu Shipei for one, even went so far as to classify Chinese learning into some disciplines of Western science. Hu Shih and Liang Qichao, two most influential scholars of the early 20th century China, were actually encouraging scholars to specialize in smaller fields in historical study when they strongly advocated the systematization of Chinese classic learning. Their ideas have helped create an atmosphere of specialized studies in history, exerting profound influence on later scholars. 下载本文