英语　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

第I卷（共103分

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

(A)

MystayinNewYork

Aftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecureapermanentjobinmysmalltown.SoIdecidedtoleavehomeforNewYork,(25)______Imighthaveabetterchancetofindagoodjob.(26)______(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedworkinalocalcaféasawaiter.Ibelievedthat(27)______Iwasofferedagoodposition,Iwouldresignatonce.

Overtime,thehighcostoflivingbecamealittleburdenonmyalready(28)______(exhaust)shoulders.Ontheotherhand,mysearchforarespectablejobhadnotmetwithmuchsuccess.AsIhadstudiedliteratureatuniversity,Ifounditquitedifficulttosecureasuitablejobinbigcompanies.Motherhadsaidthat(29)__________________Iwantedtohaveabettercareeradvancement,Ihadtofindworkinthecity.Perhaps,(30)______mymotherhadtoldmewasdeeplyrootedinmymind.Ijustdidasshehadexpected.

SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty(31)______(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.Afterninemonthsoffrustration.Ieventuallydecidedtogobacktomysmalltown.NotuntilIreturned(32)______Irealisethataquiettownlifewasthebestforme.

(B)

Thegiantvendingmachine（自动售货机）isanewvillageshop

Villagershavelongbeenusedtofacingadrivewhentheyrunoutofbasicsupplies.However,helpisnownearerathandintheformofthecountry'sfirstautomaticpush-buttonshop.NowresidentsintheDerbyshirevillageofCliftoncanbuygroceriesaroundtheclockafterthehugevendingwasinstalledoutsideapubinthevillagethisweek.

PeterFox,whois(33)______electricalengineer,spenttwoandahalfyearsworkingontheproject.Themachine(34)______(equip)withsecuritycamerasandalarms,andlookslikeaminishopwithabrickfront,agreyroofandadisplaywindow.

Mr.Foxsaidhehopedhisinvention,(35)______issettobeinstalledinothervillagesintheareaoverthecomingmonths,willmarkareturntoconvenienceshoppingforruralcommunities.

Hesaid:"IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn'tfindamanufacturerwhocoulddeliverwhatIwanted,soIdiditby(36)______.Theresultiswhatamountstoahugeoutdoorvendingmachine.YetIthinkthetermautomaticshopisfar(37)______(appropriate)."

Inrecentyears,thecommercialpressurefromsupermarketchains(38)______(force)villageshopsacrossthecountrytoclose.In2010,itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshopsclosed,(39)______(urge)thelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostrugglingshopsorset-upnewcommunitystores.

Hundredsofcommunitieshavesincesteppedinandopeneduptheirownvolunteer-runshops,butMr.Foxhopeshisnewinventionwillofferasolution(40)______thosevillageswithoutalocalshop.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.alertB.classifyC.commitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.impose

G.labelsH.moderationI.relieve    J.signalsK.simply

Let'ssayyou'vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.However,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplanmenusformealsorreadfood_41_atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally_42_yourselftoahealthierlifestyle,alittlehelpwouldcomeinhandy,wouldn'tit?Thisiswherea"choicearchitect"canhelp_43_someoftheburdenofdoingitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecontextsinwhichcustomersmakedecisions.Forexample,thepersonwhodecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket-includingwhichshelfthepeanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup—isachoicearchitect.

Governmentsdon'thaveto_44_healthierlifestylesthroughlawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitect-onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisbest-wewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideacombinesfreedomtochoosewith_45_hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeoplelivelonger,healthier,andhappierlives.

TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-called"trafficlightsystem"to_46_foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproductcontains_47_bylookingatthelightsonthepackage.Agreenlight_48_thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe_49_;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrientsandshouldbeeatenin_50_.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple_51_.

Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe_52_dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult_53_situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.

Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural_54_，ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally_55_issues.

Dunbar_56_thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—_57_,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.

Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe_58_ofthehigherprimates（灵长类动物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor_59_fromoutsideit.

Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar_60_thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe_61_itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto_62_thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.

Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe_63_tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore__kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有声的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one_65_contact.

51.A.claim    B.description    C.gossip    D.language

52.A.occasionally    B.habitually    C.independently    D.originally

53.A.social    B.political    C.historical    D.cultural

54.A.admirers    B.masters    C.users    D.wasters

55.A.vitalB.sensitive    C.ideal    D.difficult

56.A.confirms    B.rejects    C.outlines    D.broadens

57.A.forinstance    B.inaddition    C.onthecontrary    D.asaresult

58.A.motivationB.appearance    C.emotion    D.behaviour

59.A.attackB.contact    C.inspection    D.assistance

60.A.recalls    B.denies    C.concludes    D.confesses

61.A.prospectB.responsibility    C.leadership    D.protection

62.A.measure    B.show    C.maintain    D.ease

63.A.saved    B.extended    C.consumed    D.gained

.A.common    B.efficient    C.scientific    D.thoughtful

65.A.indirect    B.daily    C.physical    D.secret

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A).

Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.

Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator（猎食动物）getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.

Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.

Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.

Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.

Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.

Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.

66.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby___________.

A.gettingclosertoitsyoung    B.drivingawaytheadultpredator

C.leavingitsyounginanothernest        D.pretendingtobeinjured

67.By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"(paragraph5),theauthormeans_______.

A.chimpsarereadytoattackothers        B.chimpsaresometimesdishonest

C.chimpsarejealousofthewinners    D.chimpscanbeselfishtoo

68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.

B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.

C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.

D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.

69.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Doanimalslie?    B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?

C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?    D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?

（B）

Let'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoumakethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.

Here'showitworks:

Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there'sacue,somethingthattellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere'saroutine.Andfinally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavior.It'swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown.

Here'showtoapplyit:

Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpick.areward-say,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatway,thecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finally,whenyouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,whichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupleofweeks,youwon'tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwillcometoseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepoint,right?

70.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwitha“?”inTHEHABITLOOP?

A.Pickanewcue.B.Formanewhabit.

C.Chooseanewreward.D.Designanewresolution.

71.AccordingtoTHEHABITLOOP,youcansticktoyourplanmosteffectivelyby______.

A.changingtheroutineB.tryingitforaweek

C.adjustingyourgoalD.writingitdown

72.What'sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?

A.Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.

B.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.

C.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.

D.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.

73."ThisyearwhenIseetheHarryPotterposter,Iwillread30pagesofanEnglishnoveloranEnglishnewspaperinordertowatchTVforhalfanhour."Whatisthecueinthisresolution?

A.TheHarryPotterposter.

B.Reading30pagesofanEnglishnovel.

C.AnEnglishnewspaper.

D.WatchingTVforhalfanhour.

(C)

Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality（虚拟现实）device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."

Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.

Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronised（同步的）movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody.

Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebias（偏见）thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"putyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.

ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone."

74.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto_________.

A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting

75.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat____________.

A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperience

B.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodies

C.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperiment

D.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes

76.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalcharacter,__________.

A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracism

B.theyscoredloweronthetestforracism

C.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramatically

D.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem

77.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_________.

A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreams

B.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperiments

C.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeople

D.ourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantly

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Moreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR).CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers.Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.Companiestypicallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomecompanies,shareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduse,andemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks.

Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackfortheirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSR,whichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980s,withenvironmentaldisasterssuchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspill,industryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation.

So,companiesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theytalktonon-governmentalorganisations(NGOs)andtogovernments,createcodesofconduct（行为准则)anddevotethemselvestomoretransparency（透明）intheiroperations.Increasingly,too.they,alongwiththeircompetitors,setcommonrulestospreadrisks.

Allthisislargelydefensive,buttherearealsoopportunitiesforthosethatgetaheadofthegame.TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.Ifapproachedinastrategicway,CSRcouldbecomepartofacompany'scompetitiveadvantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaof"doingwellbydoinggood"hasbecomepopular.

Nevertheless,thebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformance?ShouldyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompetitors?Isthereanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy?

Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.Donebadly,CSRisoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewell,though,itisnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoontheside,acornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue（美德）：itisjustgoodbusiness.

(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS)

78.Both_________insomecompaniesfinditnolongerenoughtosimplydonatemoneytocharities.

79.Giveoneexampleofthedefensivemeasuresofriskmanagementaccordingtothepassage.

80.Withtheemphasisonopportunity,thethirdlayerofCSRismeantto_________.

81.Accordingtothepassage,"goodbusiness"(paragraph6)meansthatcorporations________whilemakingprofits.

第II卷（共47分）

I.Translation

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

1.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed)

2.将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(beupto)

3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)

4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(forfear)

5．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)

II.GuidedWriting

Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：

1．你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；

2．你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。

上海英语参

第I卷

第一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至第16小题，每题2分：第17至第24小题，每题1分。共30分。

1.A2.D3.B4.A5.B6.D7.A8.C9.C10.B

11.C12.D13.B14.C15.A16.B

17.conference18.daylight19.moving

21.implicationsandconclusions22.reasoning

第二大题每小题1分。共26分。

25.where26.Toearn27.assoonas/aslongas28.exhausted

30.what31.adapting32.did33.an34.isequipped 

36.myself37.moreappropriate38.hasforced39.urging40.to

41.G42.C43.144.F45.E46.B47.K48.J49.A50.H

第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第“至”小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。

51.C52.B53.A54.D55.A56.B57.C58.D59.A60.C

61.D62.D63.B.B65.C66.D67.B68.A69.A70.C

71.D72.B73.A74.B75.A76.D77.C

78.shareholdersandemployees

79.Companiestalktonon-governmentalorganisations(NGOs)andtogovernments./Companies

createcodesofconduct./Companiesdevotethemselvestomoretransparencyintheiroperations./Companiessetcommonruleswiththeircompetitorstospreadrisks.

80.createvalue

81.takesocialresponsibilities

第II卷

I．翻译共22分。

1.I'maccustomedtolisteningtosomelightmusicbeforesleep.

2.It'suptoyouwhatkindoflifeyouwillleadinthefuture.

3.Thereisnothingmoreexcitingthanbeingallowedtotakepartinthespacetravelprogram.

4.Parentsasktheirkidsnottoplaybytheriverforfearthatsomethingterriblemighthappen.

5.Whilemodernsociety,richinmaterialresources,hasgivenconsumersmorechoices,italsoturnsmanyofthemintocrazyshoppers.

II．写作共25分。下载本文