translation——翻译,占去15%的翻译一定是今年的一个亮点题型,而且很多同学在网上也表达过对于这种题目非常非常担忧的一种感觉,因为这种题目在之前真的是没有以以下的这种形式出现过,看清楚,原来的单句汉译英调整为段落的汉译英,翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等等。
http://cet4.koolearn.com/beikao/fanyi/
http://cet6.koolearn.com/beikao/fanyi/
因此我提醒自己,宣称男性天生更能学好数学的那些研究是基于一个错误的前提,那就是认为人们可以脱离一个人从孩提时代就受到的社会的文化熏陶而径直判断她的能力。
So I reminded myself that those studies, the ones that say that math comes more naturally to men, are based on a faulty premise: that you can judge a person’s abilities separate from the cultural cues that she has received since she was an infant.
140-160
剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.
180-200
中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日, 在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival), 即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。 各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异, 但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚, 一起吃年夜饭。 为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets), 对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。
Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如,我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代 诗人屈原的日子。那一天,人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征 着,象征着家庭团聚。因此,中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国 的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday),除了常见的家禽和肉类之外,人们还要按各自的地方习俗 烹制传统食物,如铰子和年糕。
参
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake .
难点精析
■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食:翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可,翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。
2.纪念:翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。
■ 3.赛龙舟:翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”,“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。
4.观赏满月:“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。
5.象征着家庭团聚:“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示,“家庭团聚”翻译: 为 family reunion 即可。
原文:
关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事,说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中,巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳,地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿,王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药,但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告,他被名利冲昏了头脑,变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观,于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药,飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥,这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
译文:
关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。
There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes.
我们在翻译“关于......”的时候,最常用的就是about,而本句翻译用了which引导定语从句claim to explain......,换一种表达方式,可以让句式更新颖。大家可以记住这个用法哦。
一个是唐朝的神话故事,说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。
One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it.
hold在这里用的很地道,汉语的两个半句,翻译成英文,用一个that就给衔接上了,可见翻译时,不必拘泥于原汉语句子的结构,如果自己能把意思表达很到位,而且句式很清晰,就可以尝试。
注意“被包围”本句中的翻译用了had 10 suns circling it。
有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中,巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。
One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat.
“有一天”翻译为one day,其实并没有什么奇特之处。
“同时出现”appeared at once,这个at once还可以表示“同时”,大家切记哦。
其实汉语的两个半句,翻译过来可以用两个完整的英语句子来表示,但这里的翻译退而求其次,用了现在分词scorching引导的伴随状语,表示一种结果,不失为很好的翻译方式哈。
多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳,地球才被保住。
It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the suns.
注意“多亏”的翻译是It was thanks to。这的翻译大家看下英语的后半句,汉语里有“9”这个数字,但翻译过来,却只有一个数字one,但表示的意思却相同-剩下了一个太阳。翻译有时候就是这么奇特,没有特定的标准。
为了奖励后羿,王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药,但是王母警告他必须正当使用。
As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely.
本句翻译很简单,中英翻译比较平衡。注意几个专有名词。
“王母娘娘” the Heavenly Queen Mother
“长生不老药”Elixir of Immortality
use sth wisely:正当使用某物
然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告,他被名利冲昏了头脑,变成了一个暴君。
Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader.
翻译这个句子时,首先要考虑到用何种句式,能够使自己的翻译看起来清晰明了而不繁琐。这里用了and,连接两个动词过去式引导的分句。
没有理会也就是忽视,ignore。
名利:fame and fortune
暴君: a tyrannical leader
后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观,于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药,飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。
Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath.
本句翻译中用了两个and,来衔接句意,英语就是这么注重前后的衔接。
袖手旁观:stand by
从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥,这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy.
and thus began这个句首大家可以多用用。
原文:
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战,生灵涂炭, 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来,世界经济能够快速增长,主要 得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商,以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、都是国际社会平等一员,以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全,做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办,坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作,推进国际关系民主化。
译文:
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战,生灵涂炭, 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来,世界经济能够快速增长,主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.
“和平稳定”固定说法:peace and stability
"得益于"用了句型 it is due to...
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商,以和平方式解决国际争端。
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
“宗旨和原则”固定说法:the purposes and principles
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、都是国际社会平等一员,以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全,做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办,坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作,推进国际关系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
“国际社会”固定说法:international community
原文:
总结一年来的工作,我们清醒地看到,经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益,着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题,保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要,是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。只有执政为民,我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
译文:
总结一年来的工作,我们清醒地看到,经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。
In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development.
总结用review,在这里用了现在分词形式,不失为一种简单而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻译中,英文和汉语语序整体大相反,注意“经济社会发展”的表达方式:in economic and social development.
必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。
We must always put the interests of the people first.
这句话翻译起来比较简单,注意“把......放在第一位”put...first。
要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益,着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题,保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。
We must truly protect the people‘s economic, political and cultural rights and interests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vital interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life.
翻译整段,必然会有个别长句,这就需要我们把握整体结构,表明大意即可。 这段话是很正式的会议截取,所以咱们翻译时很多词组或者句子结构都是有据可循的。比如这句“着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题”,翻译的时候,没有完全按照汉语语序,而是把“关系群众切身利益”翻译为现在分词作后置定语结构 affecting their vital interests。
注意固定词组与句式:
维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益 protect the people‘s economic, political and cultural rights and interests
着力解决......pay particular attention to solving (记住,pay attention to doing/sth 这个固定结构)
不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要,是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。
The fundamental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people.
这句话翻译出来,也是将汉语语序颠倒后进行的翻译。用了to do不定式做表语。这句话大家可以完全背诵下来。
只有执政为民,我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings.
只有......才......这个结构需要用到英文结构only if。后半句汉语很复杂,所以英语翻译时,用了两个and连接的分句,来更清楚正确地表达汉语的意思。
注意固定词组与句式:
执政为民 exercise power for the good of the people
我们的各项事业 all our undertakings
原文:
如果说我确实有所成就的话,那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。遇到挫折时,你可以暂时把问题放一放,一味纠结不仅无济于事,有时反倒使情况更糟。先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番;再回头看待问题,你或许会感到柳暗花明。这样做后,别忘了多加反省:“为什么这个方法会奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”看你定的是什么目标,这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己,最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。
译文:
如果说我确实有所成就的话,那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。
The only reason I’ve managed to accomplish anything isbecause I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.
翻译这个句子的时候,用了句式the only reason is...because,大家看到汉语“如果说......”可能会一下头脑晕掉,不知道怎么来翻译,但换一个方式,不用if等其它表示如果的单词或词组,也不失为一种迂回翻译的好方法哦。
注意:
我坚信: I am a firm believer (汉语的动词翻译成英文成了“形容词+名词”的形式,亲,你翻译的时候会不会这么做呢?)
遇到挫折时,你可以暂时把问题放一放,一味纠结不仅无济于事,有时反倒使情况更糟。
If you fail insomething, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over theproblem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).
遇到挫折:fail insomething
暂时:for a day or two(for a day or two有时并不仅仅指一两天,还可以表示暂时哦)
纠结:agonizing over theproblem
先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番;再回头看待问题,你或许会感到柳暗花明。
Read a goodbook, catch up with some friends you haven’t seen in a long time, or go on anature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.
柳暗花明:a fresh perspective(将汉语里的成语翻译成英文,很多时候都找不到固定的英语翻译,我们就可以根据意思,用自己熟悉的单词或词组来表示它的意思,只要保证意思不变就可以哦)
户外骑游:go on anature hike
这样做后,别忘了多加反省:“为什么这个方法会奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”
After you have done that, ask yourself: “Why did this work out and how can Ido better next time?”
奏效:work out
看你定的是什么目标,这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己,最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。
This process very well could repeat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.
最后这句翻译,用but把汉语的两个句子衔接起来,不失为一种极好的衔接方式。而且大家注意下我已经标红的very well could repeat,本来可以是could repeat very well,但very well放到前面更地道,大家平时可以多看一些翻译资料,多多积累,自然就会翻译出地道的英文咯~
原文:
澳门,南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠,以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌,更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子,吸引着全世界的目光。
自古以来,澳门就是中国的领土,中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。
早在80年代,世纪伟人就提出了"一国两制"的伟大构想。1997年7月1日,中华人民共和国恢复对行使主权。今年,澳门又将彻底结束外国管治,回到祖国怀抱,这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事,它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。
译文:
澳门,南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠,以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌,更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子,吸引着全世界的目光。
A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world’s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.
本句翻译没有完全按照汉语语序,而是用英语特有的翻译方式来凸显一些值得大家注意的细节。
South China Sea 表示中国南海,不是“南中国海”
East China Sea 东海
自古以来,澳门就是中国的领土,中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。
Macao has been the territory of China ever since the ancient times. TheChinese people have been living and working there for generations.
汉语为一个长句,但翻译为英文就要注意,要分成两个句子。
自古以来:ever since
早在80年代,世纪伟人就提出了"一国两制"的伟大构想。
Early in the 80s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures of thecentury, put forward the bold concept of "One Country, Two Systems".
注意“80年代”这种翻译方式
伟人:great figure
提出:put forward
一国两制:One Country, Two Systems
1997年7月1日,中华人民共和国恢复对行使主权。
On July 1,1997, the People’s Republic of China resumed her sovereignty over Hong Kong.
本句是个简单句,很好翻译。
恢复对......行使主权:resume one's sovereignty over
今年,澳门又将彻底结束外国管治,回到祖国怀抱,这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事,它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。
This year, Macao will completely get rid of the foreign regime and return tomotherland. This is another great historical event for the Chinese people. Itsymbolizes another big step for the Chinese people on their way towards thegreat goal of the country’s reunification. Macao’s future is sure to be evenbrighter.
本汉语长句翻译成英语,共用了4个英语完整句。汉语可能任何时候都可以用逗号来衔接两个整句,但英语不可以,完整句后必须用句号或表示相同概念的标点。
6级
原文
中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日,在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵 节(the Lantern Festival),即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢 度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运,家 家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他 的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。
参
Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.
难点精析
1.庆祝活动:译为celebrations即可,考生要注意,不要看到“庆祝活动”就想在celebration的后面加上: • activities。
2. 有很大差异:译为…vary widely,此句还可以翻译为…are rather different。
3.驱厄运、迎好运:译为sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck,此处的“驱”如果考生无法译出: : sweep away,也可以用简单的get rid of来表达。
4.大扫除:译为thoroughly clean the house。
5.放鞭炮、发红包:译为 lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes。放鞭炮还可以用 set off ' I firecrackers或 fire firecrackers来表达。
中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分,为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。如今, 中医和西医(western medicine)在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式 和丰富的典籍材料,备受世界瞩目。中国的中医事业由国家中医药管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)负责。现在国家巳经出台了管理中医的、法令和法规, 引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和 开发。在定义上,中医是指导中国传统医药理论和实践的一种医学,它包括中医疗法、中草药(herbalogy)、针 灸(acupuncture )、推拿(massage)和气功(Qigong)。
参
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.
难点精析:
1.不可分割的一部分:可译为an integral part。
2.为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贲献:可译为has made great contributions to the prosperity of China,其中“华夏”: 即“中国”或“中华”,可直接译为China; “振兴”此处翻译成了名词形式prosperity,还可译为revitalization;“做出了 巨大的贡献”可译为 has made great contributions。
3.并驾齐驱:此处指两者(中医和西医)都得以应用,可简单地翻译为both are being used。
4.独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料:三个并列的名词短语,可分别译为unique : I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials; “典籍材料”可理解为历史文献资料,翻译为historical literature and materials。
5.引导并促进这一新兴产业的研究和开发:“引导”译为guide; “促进”可译为promote,还可译为facilitate或further; “新兴产业,可译为promising industry,还可译为new industry或emerging industry。
6.中医疗法:译为Chinese medication。
中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果。欧盟巳经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴,是中国最大的技术供应方、 第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。2001年,中欧贸易达到766亿美元,比上一年增长11%,尤其是中国从 欧盟的进口增长了 15.8%。我非常赞赏欧中贸协(Europe-China Business Association)与比中经贸理事会 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)为发展中欧关系所做出的努力。中欧经济贸易合作具有广 阔的前景。中欧经济具有很强的互补性,在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大的合作潜力。
参
China-EU economic and trade cooperation has yielded heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in 2001, achieving an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, China’s imports from the EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the efforts by the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with a promising future. The two economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas.
难点精析
1.中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果:EU=European Union,表示欧盟;“取得了”可译为has got,但稍显生硬,yield fruit意为“结果,取得成果”,用在此处更为恰当;“可喜的”可译为heartening,还可译为^ promising。
2.第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方:“最大”用thelargest来表示,“第几大”则可译为the+序数词+largest,因此此处“第三大”译为thethirdlargest; “第五大”译为the fi他largest。“贸易伙伴”译为tradingpartner; “实际投资方”译为actual investor。
3. 766亿美元:应译为76.6 billion dollars。billion意为“10亿”,而不是“1 亿”。
4.增长了15.8%:可译为grew by 15.8%,还可译为increased by 15.8%。increase的反义词为decrease,二者用 法相同,后接具体的百分比时,要与介词by连用。
5.发展中欧关系:“关系”还可译为relationship,但tie表示的“关系”比relationship的情感色彩更强烈一些, ; 意为“紧密关系”,此处原文中虽没有提及“紧密”,但很显然是要发展中欧的紧密关系,故译成tie更贴合文意。
6.具有很强的互补性:可译为are strongly complimentary to each other, complimentary意为“互补的”。
7.具有很大的合作潜力:“具有”此处译为enjoy显得生动,带有较强的感情色彩。potential后应与介词for 搭配。
原文:
要了解中国文化,就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多,其中京剧是一个具有代表 性的剧种。作为一个的剧种,京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至I860年。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础 上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融 合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的,所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱,也受到全国人民的喜爱。
参
To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.
难点精析
1.要了解中国文化,就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解:该句没有给出明确的主语,因而在翻译时要注意:增译主语you。“中国的戏曲文化”可译为the Chinese opera culture。
2.中国地方戏种类很多,其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种:该句在翻译时可以采用非限定性定语从句结构。该句可译为:In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此处为了避免在前后分句中重复使用名词opera而在后半句中使用了名词性替代词 one。
3.京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的:“在……的基础上形成”如果直接译为be formed on the I basis of...会稍显生硬,因而可以灵活译为originate from...。“地方戏”可以直译为local opera。
4.念白:“念白”指的是中国戏曲中人物的独白或者两者的对话,因而此处在翻译时可将其灵活译为the I spoken parts。
5.胡琴:这一特有名词在英文中并没有直接对应的词汇或表达,因而可以采用汉语拼音表示。
6.它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱,也受到全国人民的喜爱:“不仅 也 ”常用not only…but also…来表达。此处句中的“钟爱”和“喜爱”同义,在翻译后半部分内容时可以将与前半部分重复的内容省略,故该部分内容可译为:it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。
原文
北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常,胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以,胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
参
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.
难点精析
1.带来了无穷的魅力:翻译为bring endless charm to。
2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境,而英文习惯上用整句表述,句内不太重要的信息会用介词短语或从句来补充说明,如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是 : 两个并列关系的汉语短句,翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来,起补充说明的作用。
3.充满友善和人情味:翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。
4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展:翻译为with rapid social and economic development,也是with介词短语的应 用,在句中作伴随状语。
原文:
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,人口约占世界总人口的22%。在过去相当长的时期里,由于诸多原因, 贫困一直困扰着中国。20世纪80年代中期,中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势,经济得到快速增长, 但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约,发展相对滞后。中国在致力于经济和社会全面发 展的进程中,在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开 发,极大地缓解了贫困现象。
参
China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world’s total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.
难点精析
1.发展中国家:英语中对应的表达为developing country,该句结构简单,直译即可。 : :2.人口约占世界总人口的……:此句紧接上文,和前面一个分句共享一个主语China,为了指代清楚并且避免重复,此处的“人口”可译为its population。表达“(数量、比例上)占”有一个常用的词组account for。 “世界总人 口”如果直译的话是the world’s total population或者the total population of the world,但是由于该分句的主语中已经出现了一次population,故此处可将total活用作名词,意为“总数”。
3.在过去相当长的时期里:该分句如果直译的话可译为for a long time in the past,但是根据语境,此处“相当长的时期”指的是“中国历史中的一个很长的时期”,又由于该分句所在句的主语随后紧接着出现,因:
而可以意译为for a long period of its history。 !
4.由于诸多原因:此处较为简单,可以有多种译法。“由于”可以用because of, due to, out of来表达,也可以用一个简洁的单词for。“诸多”的表达方式也有很多,如many, various, a lot of, lots of等。因而该分句可简洁地译为for various reasons。 : :5.贫困一直困扰着……:表达“被贫困所困扰”较为常用的译法是be plagued by,由于此处表达的是过去已经发生并且其影响持续到现在的一种状态,因而注意时态要采用现在完成时。此处可译为…has been lagued by poverty。
6. 20世纪80年代中期……发展相对滞后:该句较长,翻译时要注意平衡句子的结构。“经济发展较快”中的: ;“经济”指的是“中国农村绝大多数地区的经济”,在翻译时可以照此调整一下句子的语序。“滞后”常用lag behind 来表达。
7.中国在致力于……缓解了贫困现象:该句内容较多,翻译时可以根据语义将该长句拆分成两个的句子,即:“中国在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中,在全国范围内实施了有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发。扶贫开发以解决贫困人口的溫饱问题为主要目标,极大地缓解了贫困现象。” “致力于”可以用短语work on来表达。“扶贫开发”实际上是一个项目,因而可灵活译为a program for development-oriented poverty relief。下载本文