Franklin
Franklin did not try to work on them all at once. Instead, he would work on one and only one each week "leaving all others to their ordinary chance." While Franklin did not live completely by his virtues, and by his own admission he fell short of them many times, he believed the attempt made him a better man contributing greatly to his success and happiness, which is why in his autobiography, he devoted more pages to this plan than to any other single point; in his autobiography Franklin wrote, "I hope, therefore, that some of my descendants may follow the example and reap the benefit."
His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin honored on coinage and the $100 bill; warships; the names of many towns; counties; educational institutions; corporations; and, more than two centuries after his death, countless cultural references.
Ethan Brand
The protagonist Ethan Brand is searching for the unforgivable sin to give up everything, wandering alone outside for eighteen years. He even at the expense of the village with the old man Frye’s daughter’s soul to achieve their pursuit of the goal. But as it turns out, the crime is in his heart. He was so painful, eventually died in the lime kiln, leaving only a stone cold heart.
Ethan Brand was burnt lime industry, like make blind and disorderly conjectures. In order to find “the unforgivable sin” he abandoned his social responsibility and moral responsibility, leave the lime kiln, bent on seeking the unforgivable sin. His heart strongly desired and impulsed. From the Ethan Brand back to the lime kiln, lime burning of Bart Lamb time to carry on the accurate judgment, and feedback the Bartram can be learned that Ethan Brand was a burning lime expert. This reflects he was in accordance with the principle of rational living reality and had normal business.
When the crowd dispersed, Ethan Brand fell into a meditation. Previously he had human beings’ love and sympathy, but for many years in solitude far from the group he has lost communication with mankind, harm to others and is no longer the brotherhood of man. He got to the top of the kiln, leap into the fireplace.
Ahab
Ahab, the representative of Moby Dick, helps a lot to reveal the main idea of Moby Dick. We can know that his fate and character leads to his target. Captain Ahab is quite self-assertive and arrogant and takes no advice of other people
He is quite firm and determined, who denies God from time to time influenced by Moby Dick.
Ahab has been fighting with what he considered to be evil with his fate, with nature and even with God.
Besides, Ahab is a figure with many facts, among which the most significant and decisive ones are his individualist, monomania and humanity.
From the way he treats his family and a black sailor we can see Ahab‘s humanity. Ahab‘s humanity also shows in his sympathy for Pip.
Ahab always feels upset and thinks about his own life.
He persists in taking revenging on Moby Dick and he always appears kingly and noble beyond all the others on the ship and others obey and adore him with these factors.
In a word, he is as majestic as a king on the Pequod and in the Moby Dick.
Monarchs
They used to be nobles, after losing most of their money they have to find some line of work. They are the "real thing" in that they perfectly represent the aristocratic type, but they prove inflexible for the painter's work.They always present as nobles, and always highlight the fact that they are the real gentleman and lady in reality. But they can not treat others as equals. Sometimes even look down upon others.
They had accepted their failure, but they couldn’t accept their fate.
Conservative and inflexible person will never represent life.They are not suitable for survival, no matter in continuous innovative art, or in developing society.
Miss Churm
A lower-class Englishwoman.
She was a meager little Miss Churm, but she was an ample heroine of romance. She was only a freckled cockney, but she could represent everything, from a fine lady to a shepherdess, she had the faculty as she might have had a fine voice or long hair.
but she had two or three “points”, and practice, and a knack, and mother-wit.
The value of such a model as Miss Churm resided precisely in the fact that she had no positive stamp, combined of course with other fact that what she did have was a curious and inexplicable talent for imitation.
The Raven
Narrator
Poe wrote the poem as a narrative, without intentionally creating an allegory or falling into didacticism. The main theme of the poem is one of undying devotion. The narrator experiences a perverse conflict between desire to forget and desire to remember. He seems to get some pleasure from focusing on loss. The narrator assumes that the word "Nevermore" is the raven's "only stock and store", and, yet, he continues to ask it questions, knowing what the answer will be. His questions, then, are purposely self-deprecating and further incite his feelings of loss. Poe leaves it unclear if the raven actually knows what it is saying or if it really intends to cause a reaction in the poem's narrator. The narrator begins as weak and weary, becomes regretful and grief-stricken, before passing into a frenzy and, finally, madness.
Raven
Poe chose a raven as the central symbol in the story because he wanted a "non-reasoning" creature capable of speech. He found that it would
be most effective if he used a non-reasoning creature to utter the
word. It would make little sense to use a human, since the human could
reason to answer the questions. He decided on a raven, which he considered "equally capable of speech" as a parrot, because it matched the intended tone of the poem. The raven is meant to symbolize "Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance". Poe emphasized the bird's more dramatic qualities. The raven should have served a more symbolic, prophetic purpose.
四、简答题;3作者评价,1作品,2写作风格;3×10’
1.retell story
Ethan Brand
A lime-burner named Bartram and his son hear disturbing laughter of Ethan Brand. Brand is questioned by Bartram. Brand claims to have found “unpardonable sin”. When asking what it is, Bartram doesn't understand Brand’s reply.
In the course of his interactions with a group of townspeople, Brand is disturbed by their coarse behavior and begins to doubt whether he really found the unpardonable sin. When the townspeople compare Brand to another so called "madman" named Humphrey, Brand recalls a victim of his search, Esther (Humphrey's daughter), who left the province to become a circus performer and who subsequently became the subject of Brand's psychological experiment. Brand remembers that the research, and so he is again convinced that he found the "unpardonable sin".
The Wandering Jew carries a diorama. When Brand looks into the diorama, he sees something that disturbs him.
At the end of the story, Brand climbs into the furnace to his death.
The Celebrated Frog(unfinished)
A man from the East comes to a weatern mining town. At the request of a friend, the narrator speaks with Simon Wheeler in order to ask a man named Leonidas W. Smiley. Instean of giving the narrator the information that he asks for, Wheeler launches into a tall tale about a man maned Jim Smiley.
The story goes something like this: Jim Smiley was a man who would bet on anything. He turned a frog into a pet and bet a stranger that his frog, Dan’l Webster, could jump higher than any other frog. While Smiley wasn’t looking, the stranger filled Dan’l Webster with quail shot, and Smiley lost the bet. Before he could figure out what happened, the stranger disappeared with the $40 he won by cheating.
Sick of the long-winded tale about Jim Smiley and his frog, the nnarrator tries to escape from Wheeler before he launches into another story. The narrator realizes that his friend probably intended for him to suffer through Wheeler’s tedious tale.
The Real Thing
The narrator, an unnamed illustrator and aspiring painter, hires a faded genteel couple, the Monarchs, as models, after they have lost most of their money and must find some line of work. They are the "real thing" in that they perfectly represent the aristocratic type, but they prove inflexible for the painter's work. He comes to rely much more on two lower-class subjects who are nevertheless more capable, Oronte, an Italian, and Miss Churm, a lower-class Englishwoman.
The illustrator finally has to get rid of the Monarchs, especially after his friend and fellow artist Jack Hawley criticizes the work in which the Monarchs are represented. Hawley says that the pair has hurt the narrator's art, perhaps permanently. In the final line of the story the narrator says he is "content to have paid the price—for the memory."
The Raven
The narrator tries to forget the death of his beloved Lenore. A raven flutters into his chamber.
The man asks that the bird tell him its name. The raven's only answer is "Nevermore". The narrator is surprised that the raven can talk. The narrator remarks to himself that his "friend" the raven will soon fly out of his life. As if answering, the raven responds again with "Nevermore". The narrator reasons that the bird learned the word "Nevermore" from some "unhappy master" and that it is the only word it knows.
Even so, the narrator determines to learn more about it. He wonders if God is sending him a sign that he is to forget Lenore. The bird again replies in the negative, suggesting that he can never be free of his memories. The narrator becomes angry.
Finally, he asks the raven whether he will be reunited with Lenore in Heaven. When the raven responds with its typical "Nevermore", he is enraged, and, calling it a liar, commands the bird to return to the "Plutonian shore", --but it does not move.
2.focus on certain aspect
Mark Twain
Humor
The secret of Mark Twain’s worldwide popularity as a humorist is not to be attributed to any tricks of style, to any breadth of knowledge, or even to any depth of intellectuality. His humor has international range because it is constructed out of a deep comprehension of human nature and a profound sympathy for human relationships and human failings; thus, it successfully surmounts the difficulties of translation into alien tongues. Above all, he has sympathized with and admired the citizens of every nation, seeking beneath the surface veneer the universal traits of that nation’s humanity. In fact, he has made far more damaging admissions concerning America than concerning any other nation.
Henry James
point of view
As the author, James avoids the authorial omniscience as much as possible and makes his characters reveal themselves with minimal intervention. So it is often the case that in his novels we usually learn the man story by reading through one or several minds and share their perspectives. To illustrate, in The Real Thing, the artist participates in the action, makes judgment and performs the prognostic literary functions such as plot progression and theme development. He describes his thought processes in some detail and partially enters the minds of other characters by aiming to “take their point of view”.
3.Illustrate with one example
Emerson
He stressed the power of intuition, believing that people could learn things both from the outside world by means of the five senses and from the inner world by intuition. Intuition was inner light within.
He took nature as a symbol of spirit or God. Nature was alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. Everything in the universe was an expression of the divine spirit.
He emphasized that the significance of individual and believed that the individual was the most important element in society and that the ideal kind of individual was self-reliance and unselfish.
Emerson envisioned religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal oversoul.下载本文