一、单元语法要点
1. 复习用how来询问做事方式，学习用 “动词+ by + doing” 表示 “方式、方法”。
2. 复习提建议的方法。3. 复习现在完成时 4. 学习不定式to do和动名词doing 的用法
阅读下面的对话，并从对话中找出“单元语法要点”中的四个要点
A：How long have you studied English?→
B：I have studied English for six years. →
A：Are you interested in studying English? →
B：Yes, I enjoy studying English. →
A：How do you study English? →
B：I study English by watching English movies. →
A：Would you like to give me some advice to learn English? →
B：I’d love to. I think you should read English every morning. →
A：Thanks a lot.
B：It’s my pleasure.
中考真题小试身手
（1）I study math by ____ lots of exercises. A. did B. doing C. do D. to do
（2 ____ do you study for tests? A. How B. Who C. When D. Why
（3）The young man learnt English well ____ talking with others in English.
A. in B. on C. with D. by
（4）How long have you ____ English.
A. learn B. learning C. learned D. to learn
（5）I’m good at playing table tennis and_____ English.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoke D. to speak
（6）Why don’t you ____ English by_____ to tapes.
A. to study; listening B. studying; listening C. study; listening D. studying; listen
二、单元考点语法小结：
1、什么时候用doing?
① be动词后用doing：am/is/are/was/were/been+doing ；
② 介词后用doing作宾语，如：at/by/in/on/of/off/up/with/without等+doing；
③ 某些动词后只能用doing作宾语。如：finish, enjoy, mind, keep, practice, suggest, stand(忍受), spend 等+doing;
④ 作从句的主语：I think that swimming is fun.
⑤ 位于句首作主语：swimming is fun.
注意：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，如：Listening to music makes me happy.
2、什么时候用to do?
① 某些动词后只能用to do作宾语，如：decide, plan, hope, wish, learn, want等+to do;
② 以下句子结构中用to do (it作形式主语或形式宾语，to do是真正的主语)
It’s + adj. /名词短语+ for sb. to do sth. → 做某事是怎样的。→It’s interesting to sing. / It’s a good idea to visit Tibet.
It takes sb.+时间+to do. →做某事花了某人多长时间。→It takes me an hour to read English every morning.
Sb. find it + adj. + to do → 某人发现做某事是怎样的。→I find it impossible to see her again.
③ 表目的“为了” → She gets up early to get the first bus every day.
3、细节辨析
(1) doing和to do均可位于句首作主语，一般情况下可互换, 但侧重表普遍行为或已成事实的用动名词doing, 表即将或将来发生的行为用不定式to do;
①________________ (eat) some vegetables every day is good for our health.
②________________ (know) the result of this English test makes me frustrated.
③________________ (be) a teacher in the future is my dream.
(2) 部分动词后可跟不定式, 也可跟动名词, 但意思不同:
① stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止(正在做的)某事
Please stop __________ (talk). You should stop _________ (listen) to me now.
② like/love/dislike/hate/prefer doing sth. 喜欢/爱/不喜欢/恨/更喜欢做某事(长时间习惯性动作)
like/love/dislike/hate/prefer to do sth. 喜欢/很想/不想/不愿/更愿意要做某事(某一次的意愿)
It’s too hot now. I like ________ (swim) in the river.
At the moment I hate ________ (see) the P.E. teacher.
I like _________ (play) sports, but I prefer ________ (watch) games on TV.
③ remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记要去做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记曾经做过某事
I still remember ___________ (watch) the third basketball match next week.
She has forgot _________ (borrow) some money from you and that she will never return the money to you.
(3) start, begin, continue后即可跟动名词doing, 又可跟不定式to do做宾语, 且意思差不多, 但这类动词在本身带有-ing时, 后面只跟不定式
① The old man started/began _______/_______ (hiccup) in August 2008.
② Let’s continue _________/_________ (talk) about our school life.
③ They are starting ___________ (skate) now.
三、考点词汇
★近义词辨析
1. by, in, on, with等表示“通过;用”等之意时的区别运用
(1)by doing sth. “通过做某事”，此时by后跟动名词(短语)。
(2)表示“乘坐某种交通工具”时, 可用介词by, on, in
1by + 交通工具单数(中间不加任何词)→by bus
② on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具(单数或复数)，敞开式交通工具用on; 封闭式用in→ in a car
③ on foot
The Greens are going to the farm _______ their bikes.
Last year he came to Kunming ______ a plane.
His bike was lost yesterday, so he had to go home ______ foot./______ bus.
(3)表示“用某种语言“或 “用某种方法”, 用介词in
You can’t understand what they are saying, because they are talking ______ Japanese.
You must do some reading in the morning and do much homework. ______ this way, you can improve your English.
(4)表示“通过电视, 广播, 电话, 互联网”等, 用on (TV前不加冠词, 其他前面加冠词)
I think Mr. Mu has got the information ______ the Internet.
I have learnt several English songs ______ BBC.
They are talking ______________ (通过电话).
I dislike watching soup operas ____________ (通过电视).
(5) 表示“使用某一具体有形工具(除交通工具)或用人的手、脚”等时, 用with (工具和五官前要有修饰语)
The boy has no hands. He has to write ________ his mouth.
You’d better not do your homework ________ a pencil next time.
2. aloud, loud, loudly
(1). aloud ：无比较级，常和read连用, 强调为使人听见而发声, 声音不一定很大;
(2). loud和loudly都有 “响亮地；大声地”之意, 有时可互换, 但比较级用louder, 常和speak, talk, laugh, say, shout等连用, loud要置于动词之后, loudly置于动词前后皆可, 含有 “喧闹”之意。
① She has a good pronunciation when she reads .
② In order to be heard, the teacher speaks and clear. ③ Don’t talk so .
(3). loud还可做形容词 a loud voice
3. sometime, some time, sometimes, some times
sometime：过去或将来某个不确定的时间，简称“某时”(与过去时或将来时连用)
some time：一段时间；一些时间
sometimes：有时；偶尔
some times：几次；几倍
① I have been to Beijing ________________.
② Last year, I _____________ watched TV at night, but this year, things are different, I have to study all night.
③ Will you come here _____________ next week? ④ I’ll stay in Kunming for ____________.
★词汇扩展
1. pronunciation n. 发音；发音法[C] pronounce v. 发音
When you ______________ the word “record”, you should pay attention to its two ______________.
2. solution n. 解决方法；解答 solve v. 解决
a solution to… →….的解决方法 the solution to the pollution
Have you got a solution _____ your improvement of spoken English?
3. learner n. 学习者；初学者 learn v. 学习
4. realize v. 认识到；了解到 realistic adj. 现实的；实事求是的 reality n. 现实；事实
I have to ________ that I’m not ___________ and that I should be back to __________.
5. impress v. 使感动；给…极深的印象 impression n. 印象 impressed 感动的
The old lady was very __________. She ____________ me as being very rude.
6. frustrate v. 使失望；使沮丧 frustrated adj. 感到失望的, 沮丧的(修饰人) frustrating adj. 令人失望的(修饰物)
The result _____________ me, and now my parents also feel ______________. Oh, I don’t want to think of the ___________ result.
7. unless conj. 如果不, 除非 = if…not (主将从现)
We can’t do well in the exam unless we study for it. = We can’t do well in the exam if we don’t study for it.
My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry. 我刚出生的妹妹除非饿了, 否则她是从来不哭的。
I will go to see you unless I’m too busy tomorrow. 如果我不太忙, 明天我去看你。
四、考点短语
1. be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 (强调害怕做某事所带来的后果)
be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物
be afraid that + 宾从：恐怕(某事是怎样的)
Tommy _______ ________ _______ touch the dog when he was a child.
The little girl _______ _________ ________ going out herself at night.
I ________ ________ ________ you are wrong.
2. deal with = do with 处理, 料理(deal with与how连用, do with与what连用)
How will you deal with the letter? = What will you do with the letter?
How did you ______ _______ your old bike? = _____________________________ ?
3. make a mistake=make mistakes 犯错误 Tom made a lot of mistakes in the English exam.
★make mistakes in sth./doing sth. 在某方面犯错误
Li Yang is very careless. He often makes mistakes in _________ (spell).
★by mistake 错误地(做了某事) I took your pen _________ _______ .
4. look …up (in the dictionary)： (在字典里)查阅
5. end up sth./doing sth. 结束做某事
6. make up：编造(句子、谎言、故事、借口等)
7. get excited about sth./doing sth. 对……感到兴奋
8. have trouble/difficulty/problem/a hard time (in) doing sth./with sth. :_________
9. have fun/ a good time (in) doing sth./with sth. :_________
10. practice sth./doing sth :_________
11. laugh at :_________
13. take notes :_________
14. to begin with :_________
15. study for …test :_________
16. the best way to do sth. :_________
17. watch sb. do sth. :_________
18. watch sb. doing sth. :_________
19. join the English club :_________
20. listen to tapes :_________
21. later on :_________
12. read aloud :_________
22. speak louder :_________
五、重、难点句子
1.How about doing sth.? = ?
2.Why not do sth.? = ?
3. He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.
① 用波浪线划出宾语从句。② 动名词studying作从句的主语时，谓语动词用
③ 翻译：毛毛认为学英语是简单的。
4. Worrying about out problems affects how we do at school. ① 用波浪线划出宾语从句。
5. She said that memorizing the new words of pop songs also helped a little.
① 用波浪线划出宾语从句。②动名词短语作从句的
6. He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language. ① 用波浪线划出宾语从句。②从句的主语是
7. He also thinks that watching English movies isn’t a bad way because he can watch the actors say the words.
① 划线句子是 从句。②从句的主语是
小结：以上从句的主语有什么共同点？
8. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked.
① 划线部分的句子结构是：It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.
② 翻译：对豆豆来说学英语是困难的。It’s hard/difficult for Dou Dou to learn English.
六、还课练习
单项选择
1) Many students asked the teacher _____ the time of the test.
A. for B. to C. about
2) I got an A this term, so my teacher was _____.
A. impressed B. impressing C. impress
3) When we practice English speaking, we often end up ____in Chinese.
A. speak B. spoken C. speaking
4) Don’t laugh ___ others. You should help them when they are in trouble.
A. at B. to C. of
5) He finds it hard .
A. does B. do C. to do D. doing
6) What about _____ aloud to practice pronunciation?
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
7) Why don’t you _____ to cassettes?
A. listening B. listen C. listened D. to listen
8) Lucy thinks that ____ English movies _____a good way.
A. watch; is B. watched; is C. watching; are D. watching; is
9) It was very important for me English.
A. study B. to study C. studies D. studying
选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项
10). It’s amazing how much this helped.
A. surprised B. surprising C. frustrating
11). I decided to take lots of grammar notes in English classes.
A. take…photos B. take…off C. make…notes
12). She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
A. says B. says again C. said again
七、Homework:
1. 记背U1单词表中的黑体单词和讲义中的短语，并完成《练习册》里所勾习题。
2. 翻译以下句子
1) Listen to English songs/ tapes/radio.
2) Watch English videos/movies /program.
3) Chat with the native speaker.
4) Speak English as often as possible.
5) Practice English with teachers and students.
6) Go to the English corner.
7) Read English novels.
8) Read English magazines.
9) Read English poets.
10) Read English plays.
11) Read the textbook materials.
12) Write letters to your English pen pals.
13) Send emails to your English pen pals.
14) Recite some good passages.
15) Practice words, phrases and sentences more.
16) Work with friends.
17) Make flashcards
18) Make vocabulary lists.
19) Read the textbook.
20) Listen to tapes.
21) Ask the teacher for help.
小结：大家能看出上面的句子有哪两个共同点吗？
