1、Background Introduction
智慧并不是哪一个人生命之树上的特产,而是每个人都能够拥有的甜美的果实,就如阳光不会只偏爱哪一朵花,而是每一片绿叶都能沐浴到她的光辉。
智慧是一条通往人生幸福和快乐的心灵之路,就旭是要一条通往城市公园或风光无限的奇峰幽谷的道路,通过她每个人都能在充满希望和期待的人生岁月里,享受到生活的温馨和温馨的生活。
智慧不是知识,不是常识,不是聪明,也不是经验,智慧是我们站在知识、常识、聪明和经验的台阶上,观察这个世界时所张开的那双充满欣赏和不断有所发现的眼睛,是眼中的这个美丽世界融入我们的心灵时常常绽放的感悟的花朵。
现实+梦想+幽默=智慧。这是文学家林语堂列出的智慧公式。
IQ+EQ+SQ=智慧。这是一位科学家列出的智慧公式。
以不争而达到无所不争,以无为而达到无所不为,这是道家的智慧;天行健,君子当自强不息,学而思,则智如江河不绝,随心所欲而不逾矩,这是儒家的智慧;悟道明心,转识成智,善念如,佛境自至,这是佛禅的智慧……
智慧总是豁达博大的襟怀相随,智慧总是与积极的心态为友,智慧总是与乐观向上的人们同行。
本单元里伯特兰·罗素会告诉你如何成为一个有智慧的人。
2、Analyzation of the Text
Paragraph 1 第一部分为引言部分。
Paragraph 2-5 这一部分为文章的正文部分,这四段主要介绍了什么是智慧。
3、Words Study
文中出现的重难点单词及短语:cease, eminent, prejudice, confer
1. cease v. to come to an end停;息;停止
<释例>At last they ceased working for lack of capital.他们终于由于缺乏资金而停工了。Her mother never ceases thelling you about her troubles.她妈妈从来没有停止过向你诉说她的困难。
<点拨>①cease后面可接动名词或名词,意为“停止某种活动”,为正式用语,例如:At last they have ceased working/work.他们终于停止了工作。Cease后面接介词from,意为“停止某事”,句子的主语为人,例如:They ceased from quarrelling.他们停止了争吵。②stop, cease, pause都含“停止”的意思。Stop系常用词,指“某一行为、活动或进程突然或断然地停止”,例如:My watch has stopped.我的表停了。Cease为正式用语,指“状态或存在逐渐或突然中止”,例如:The war ceased many years ago.战争已于很多年前结束了。Pause指“行为短暂地停止”或“两个行为之间的间歇”,例如:She paused to tie her shoe.她停下来系鞋带。
2.eminent adj.(of people)famous and admired指(人)著名的,卓越的
<释例>He is eminent both as a sculptor and as a portrait painter.他既是著名的雕刻家又是杰出的肖像画家。The students are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.同学们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
<点拨>eminent只指某人活着的时候很出众或卓越,不指死后的名誉。如可以说李白是唐朝的eminent poet(著名诗人),却不可说他现在还eminent(卓越),但可以用famous来形容他现在也很出名。
3. prejudice n. an unfair and often unfavorable feeling or opinion not based on reason or enough knowledge偏见,成见
<释例>The anthology reveals a prejudice in favor of lyric poets.这部选集显示出对抒情诗人有所偏爱。We must struggle against this prejudice for a more tolerant attitude to our beliefs.我们必须努力克服这种偏见,为我们的信仰争取更宽容的态度。
<点拨>①与prejudice构成搭配的词组有:have a prejudice against 对…抱有成见(偏见);have a prejudice in favor of 对…偏爱;to the prejudice of one’s rights有损于某人的权利;with prejudice带有偏见。②词根jud意为judge,例如:adjudge vt.宣判,判决;judicial adj.司法的,的;prejudice n.偏misjudge v. 判断失误;judiciously adv.明智地;judiciousness n. 明智。③prejudice, bias, partiality都含“偏见”的意思。Prejudice指“除了私人感情以外毫无根据的判断或成见,常带有恶意”,例如:He had a prejudice against them.他对他们有偏见。Bias指“依个人好恶或成见提出有偏差的意见或判断”,例如:He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。Partiality指“偏袒”或“偏爱”,例如:He had a partiality for chess.他爱好下棋。
4.confer v. to give or grant 授予(称号、学位等),赠与,把……赠与
<释例>Corpotations and labor uions have conferred great benefits up on their employees and members as well as upon the general public.公司和工会给其雇员和公员以及社会群众提供了很好的福利。
<点拨>①词根fer意为carry,例如:confer v.授予,赠予;ferry n.摆渡,渡船;transfer v.迁移,移动;prefer v.喜欢,偏爱。②give, grant, present, confer都含“给”的意思。Give系常用词,指“给予”、“授予”、“赠送”、“提供”等,例如:I gave him a book.我给他一本书,另外它还有引伸意义,例如:A clock gives time.钟报时。Grant指“上级对下级的赐予或答应给什么”,例如:grant a pension赐予养老金。Present 指“正式地给”,即“赠给”,并且所赠之物有一定价值,例如:He presented the school with a library.他向学校赠建了一个图书馆。Confer指“经批准授予(学位、称号等)”,例如:confer knighthood授予爵士。
4、Explanation Of The Text
1.Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom:surpass意为“超越,凌驾,胜过”,例如:The latecomers surpass the early starters. 后来者居上。词根pass意为step, pace,例如:bypass n. 迂回的旁道,旁路;compass n. 指南针v. 包围;impasse n.死胡同;surpass v. 超过,超越。Surpass 是由前缀sur-(超过;过分)和词根pass合在一起构成的。
2.But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define“wisdom”and consider means of promoting it. I want to ask first what wisdom is, and then what can we done to reach it:attempt意为“尝试,试图”,例如:Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no attempt to speed up deliveries. 尽管我们已经告诉他们不要让我们久等,但他们丝毫没打算早点送货上门。attempt 可用于以下几种结构,都意为“尝试作某事,企图作某事”:attempt to do sth., 例如:He attempted to leave but was stopped. 他试图离开,但被阻止了。attempt at doing sth., 例如:I attempt walking along the rope. 我试着走绳索。attempt doing sth., 例如:They made no attempt at escaping. 他们未曾企图逃脱。define 意为“给…下定义;限定,规定”,例如:Pornography is defined by its tendency to deprave or corrupt. 是不是色情作品,要看它有没有诱人堕落或伤风败俗的倾向。Means意为“手段,方法”,例如:She preached economy as the best means of solving the crisis. 她大力宣传节约是解决危机的关键。
3.…the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight:take account of中的account可以视为不可数名词,of后一般接事物名词或表示人的词事,整个短语表示“考虑,注意,重视”某事或某人的意思,例如:We must take account of the interests of the state, the collective and the individual. 我们要兼顾国家、集体和个人利益。Take an account of中的account可以视为可数名词,但常用作单数,其前须用不定冠词an, of后一般接事物名词,尤其指商店或仓库里的货物,意为“把…入帐或列表”,例如:Our department sore takes an account of stock at the end of every month. 我们的百货商店每逢月底都盘点存货。Attach表示“贴上,系上,附上;使依附”,例如:I attached myself to a group of tourists entering the museum. 我随着一队游客混入了博物馆。Attach宾语后面接介词to,意为“贴上,附上,隶属”,例如:His mother tried to attach him to herself by various subtle devices. 他母亲企图用各种巧妙的方法将他拴在自己的身边。Attach过去分词作表语用时,后接介词to,意为“依恋,喜爱,隶属”,例如:He is deeply attached to his wife. 他深深地爱着自己的妻子。Attach后接介词to,意为“归功于;附上”,例如:The main credit for success attaches to the coolness and confidence of the leaders. 这次的成功主要归功于领导们的冷静和信心。
4.Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine:suppose引导表示“假设,假定”意义的祈使句。关于英语祈使句的描述,一般语法书大都有所步及,但对其句法特点和用法规则的论述则往往言之过简。这里,我们对祈使句(不包括let祈使句和无动词祈使句)的用法特征作进一步深入的探讨。
1)祈使句的主语
在一般情况下,祈使句的主语是不表示出来的,因为祈使句是表达说话人对听话人的请求、命令、叮嘱等,其主语you是不言而喻的。但在下列情况下,主语则可以表示出来。
A. 强调主语,或为了指明是向谁提出的请求或命令,或大人对小孩说话时。
B. 表示说话人发怒、不高兴、急躁、厌烦等感情色彩时,往往有训斥的意味。这些祈使句经常表示强烈的恼怒,或表示固执己见的主张,因此,其主语you必须重读。
C. 当祈使句中有副词in, out, away, off等,而且它们又位于句首时。
D. 第三人称不定代词somebody, someone, everyone, everybody等也可作主语出现在祈使句谓语动词之前。
2)祈使句的否定
A.祈使句的否定式通常在谓语动词衣加do not或don’t,口语中多用don’t,书面语中一般多用do not。
B.如果祈使句有主语,其否定词don’t(不能用do not)则要位于主语之前。
C.祈使句的否定范围除句子的谓语外,也可以是其它成分。
D.有时为了加强否定的语气,可在祈使句谓动词前用否定词never,有时不必用任何否定词,仅用含否定意义的动词直接构成。
E.在“Don’t tell me+宾语从句”的结构中,Don’t tell me 表示惊讶或惊恐,意为“不至于…”,“莫非…”,“难道…”。
F.祈使句后的否定附加疑问句,不表示否定,而是表示邀请或请求。
5.…and wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is not neces-sarity present in specialists in the pursuit of knowledge:pursuit表示“追捕;追赶;寻求;追求”,例如:The pursuit of self-interest is a form of thought that is going out.追求个人利益的思想方法已经快过时了。Pursuit的动词形式是pursue. Chase和pursue都含有“追随”的意思。 Chase意为“为了某种目的主动追逐、追赶”,句子的主语,宾语一般都是有生命力的人或动物,例如:The little boy watched a cat chasing birds.小男孩看见猫追小鸟。Pursue意为“为了达到目的而追赶,追逐,有坚持不懈,穷追不舍的劲头,被追逐的可以是具体的人(物),也可以是抽象的事物。
6.Many eminent historians have done more harm than good because they viewed facts through the distorting medium of their onw passions:eminent表示“杰出的;卓越的”,例如:That newspaper assounts of international affairs are sometimes distorted.那家报纸对国际事件的刊载有时是歪曲事实的。
7.Hegel:黑格尔(1770-1831),德国哲学家,出生于今天德国西南部符腾堡州首府斯图加特。18岁时,他进入图宾根大学(符腾堡州的一所新教神学院)学习,在那里,他与荷尔德林、谢林成为朋友,同时,为斯宾诺莎、康德、卢梭等人的著作和法国大深深吸引。许多人认为,黑格尔的思想象征着了19世纪德国唯心主义哲动的顶峰,对后世哲学流派如存在主义和马克思的历史唯物主义都产生了深远的影响。更有甚者,由于黑格尔的政治思想兼具自由主义与保守主义两者之要义,因此,对于那些因看到自由主义在承认个人需求、体现人的基本价值方面的为力而觉得自由主义正面临挑战的人来说,他的哲学无疑是为自由主义提供了一条新的出路。
8.Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of achievement:which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable 为定语从句修饰an end。Attainable意为“可到达的,可得到的”,inherently意为“天性地,固有地”。
5、Main Idea
Paragraph1:General introduction of the text
Paragraph2:Of these I should put first a sense of proportion:the capacity to take account of all the important factors in problem and to attach to each its due weight.
Paragraph3:There must be, also, a certain awareness of the ends of human life.
Paragraph4:It is needed in the choice of ends to be pursued and in emancipation from personal prejudice.
Paragraph5:I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.
6、Excercises
Translation exercises
Ⅰ. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words of phrases given in the brackets.
1.The result surpasses their expectations.
2.We should take account of the cost of the project.
3.The fair weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.
4.Renaldo, one of the football stars from Brazil, scored several spectacular goals in 2002 FIFA World Cup.
5.Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his remarkable contributions to poet.
6. Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.
7.They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ minds.
8.You should demonstrate impartiality in your assessment of the employees.
Ⅱ.Translate the following passage into Chinese.
罗素认为,智慧是由好几个要素构成的。一个有智慧的人具有全面的视野,他能够考虑一个问题的所有重要的方面,并分别给予它们适当的重视。再者,一个有智慧的人知道生活的目的,追求不可能达到的目的是不明智的。罗素还指出,智慧还在于尽可能摆脱个人偏见,随着你的思想和情感个人化程度降低,你的智慧就会增长。
Unit Six
1. The government is trying to do something to ________ better understanding between the two countries.(CET-4,1997年6月)
A)raise B)promote C)heighten D)increase
2. Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to these mathematical systems.(研究生入学考试,1994年)
A)oblige B)owe C)contribute D)attribute
3. His expenditure on holodays and luxuries is rather high in _______ to his in come.(TEM-4,2001年)
A)comparison B)proportion C)association D)calculation
4. The hands on my alarm clock are ________, so I can see what time it is in the dark.
A)exotic B)gorgeous C)luminous D)spectacular
5. Often such arguments have the offect of ________ rather than clarifying the issues involved.(CET-6,2002年12月)
A)obscuring B)prejudicing C)tackling D)blacking
6. I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my ________ is perfect.(CET-6,2002年12月)
A)outlook B)vision C)horizon D)perspective
7. You should’t ___(公然挑衅,反抗,藐视)____ your father’s instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.(CET-6,2005年12月)
A)deduce B)deliberate C)defy D)denounce
答案:
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C下载本文