英语语音名词解释
1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ŋ] [l]
| 例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 | 0-01 |
| 2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er | 0-02 |
| 3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 | 0-03 |
| 4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret ②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home excuse | 0-04 |
| 5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup | 0-05 |
| 6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： about before excuse repair forget-ful inven-tor | 0-06 |
| 7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如：el-e-phant con-grat-ula-tion 词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientific impression nation | 0- |
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | |
| a | 在开音节中 | [e] | name plane Jane baby cake | 1-01 |
| 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | 1-02 | |
| e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese | 1-03 |
| 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | 1-04 | |
| i | 在开音节中 | [a] | bike fly drive time nice kite | 1-05 |
| 在闭音节中 | [] | fish big drink sit milk swim | 1-06 | |
| o | 在开音节中 | [u] | those close go hoe home no | 1-07 |
| 在闭音节中 | [] | clock not box shop sock | 1-08 | |
| u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | 1-09 |
| 在闭音节中 | [] | bus cup jump much lunch | 1-10 | |
| 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super | 1-11 | |||
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| a | [] | China another woman breakfast | 2-01 |
| [] | orange comrade village cabbage | 2-02 | |
| e | [] | hundred student open moment | 2-03 |
| []] | chicken pocket begin children | 2-04 | |
| i | []/[]] | holiday beautiful family animal | 2-05 |
| [a]] | exercise satellite | 2-06 | |
| o | [] | second tonight somebody welcome | 2-07 |
| [u] | also zero photo | 2-08 | |
| u | [] | autumn difficult | 2-09 |
| [ju(:)] | popular congratulation January | 2-10 | |
| 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate | 2-11 | ||
| u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue | 2-12 | ||
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| a在[w]音后面 | [] | want what watch wash quality | 3-01 |
| a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | 3-02 |
| i在gh -gn -ld -nd前 | [a] | high light sign child find | 3-03 |
| o在-st -ld前 | [u] | most postcard old cold | 3-04 |
| o在m n v th前 | [] | come monkey love mother | 3-05 |
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| ar ar在[w]音后面 | [:] | car farm dark sharpener | 4-01 |
| [:] | warm quarter towards | 4-02 | |
| or or在[w]音后面 | [:] | forty morning short | 4-03 |
| [:] | word worker worse | 4-04 | |
| er ir ur | [:] | certainly bird Thursday | 4-05 |
| 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry berry mirror sorry hurry | 4-06 | ||
| -r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday | 4-07 | ||
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| are | [e] | care dare hare | 5-01 |
| ere | [] | here mere | 5-02 |
| ire | [a] | fire hire wire | 5-03 |
| ore | [:] | more score before | 5-04 |
| ure | [ju] | pure cure | 5-05 |
| 重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。 例如：parent zero inspiring story during | 5-06 | ||
| 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如：orange very American paragraph forest spirit | 5-07 | ||
| 完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure 非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音，例如：salary | 5-08 | ||
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| ai/ay | [e] | afraid rain wait day play | 6-01 |
| air | [e] | air hair chair pair repair | 6-02 |
| al al 在 f m 前 | [:] | small ball talk wall all | 6-03 |
| [:l] | always also salt almost | 6-04 | |
| [:] | half calm | 6-05 | |
| au/aw | [:] | autumn daughter draw | 6-06 |
| ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | 6-07 |
| [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | 6-08 | |
| [e] | break great | 6-09 | |
| ear | [] | hear dear near clear year | 6-10 |
| [e] | bear pear wear swear | 6-11 | |
| [:] | earth learn early | 6-12 | |
| ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | 6-13 |
| eer | [] | pioneer deer beer | 6-14 |
| ei/ey | [e] | eight neighbour they | 6-15 |
| eu/ew 在 j l r 后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | 6-16 |
| [u:] | flew brew jewelry | 6-17 | |
| ie/[s]音后拼写为ei | [i:] | piece field receive seize | 6-18 |
| oa | [u] | coat Joan boat goal | 6-19 |
| oar/oor | [:] | roar board door floor | 6-20 |
| oi/oy | [] | noise point boy toilet | 6-21 |
| oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | 6-22 |
| [u] | book look cook foot good | 6-23 | |
| ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | 6-24 |
| [u] | know row throw though | 6-25 | |
| [] | young country enough | 6-26 | |
| [u:] | group you soup through | 6-27 | |
| our | [:] | course your four | 6-28 |
| [au] | our hour ours | 6-29 | |
| [:] | journey | 6-30 | |
| ui ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:] | annuity continuity | 6-31 |
| [u:] | juice fruit suit | 6-32 |
| 元音字组或字群 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| ai/ay ei/ey | [] | Sunday foreign monkey | 7-01 |
| ow | [u] | yellow sparrow tomorrow | 7-02 |
| 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[]音。 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee | 7-03 | ||
| -sion -tion | [n] | impression nation | 7-04 |
| -sion在元音字母后 | [n] | vision decision occasion | 7-05 |
| -tion在s后 | [n] | question suggestion | 7-06 |
| -sten | [sn] | listen christen | 7-07 |
| -stle | [sl] | whistle jostle castle | 7-08 |
| -sure | [] | pressure | 7-09 |
| -sure在元音字母后 | [] | pleasure measure | 7-10 |
| -ture | [] | picture culture | 7-11 |
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
everyday[e]
handbag[æ]
| blackboard[:] | 8-01 |
| 有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如： sun太阳 + day[e]日子 → Sunday[] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[e]日子 → holiday[] 假日 break中断 + fast[:]斋戒 → breakfast[] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[:] → cupboard[] 碗柜 main主要部分 + land陆地[æ] → mainland[] | 8-02 |
| 辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| b | [b] | bike bus bag | 9-01 |
| [/] | bomb tomb lamb climb | 9-02 | |
| c c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | 9-03 |
| [s] | face decide cinema | 9-04 | |
| ch | [] | much chick rich teacher | 9-05 |
| [k] | school headache chemistry | 9-06 | |
| [] | machine Chicago | 9-07 | |
| -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock | 9-08 |
| d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | 9-09 |
| -dge | [d] | bridge fridge | 9-10 |
| dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | 9-11 |
| f | [f] | five four breakfast | 9-12 |
| g g在e i/y前 | [] | bag gardon go | 9-13 |
| [d] | orange large German | 9-14 | |
| -gh gh- | [f] | cough enough rough | 9-15 |
| [] | sorghum spaghetti ghost | 9-16 | |
| gu- -gue | [] | guess league dialogue guitar | 9-17 |
| [w] | language anguish penguin | 9-18 | |
| h | [h] | hot head house hand | 9-19 |
| [/] | hour honest honor | 9-20 | |
| j | [d] | jeep jar joke join July | 9-21 |
| k | [k] | kind bike skate make week | 9-22 |
| kn- | [n] | knife know knock | 9-23 |
| l | [l] | life milk school tall | 9-24 |
| m | [m] | monkey come tomato | 9-25 |
| -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn | 9-26 |
| n n在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note | 9-27 |
| [ŋ] | uncle thank hungry | 9-28 | |
| -ng | [ŋ] | morning young wrong | 9-29 |
| p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen | 9-30 |
| ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone | 9-31 |
| q/-que | [k] | Iraq cheque | 9-32 |
| qu- | [kw] | quality quite quarter | 9-33 |
| r | [r] | red rubber ruler | 9-34 |
| s在音节开头或清辅音前 在元音字母间或浊辅音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk | 9-35 |
| [z] | music husband | 9-36 | |
| sc- | [sk] | scarlet scout Scotland | 9-37 |
| [s] | muscle science | 9-38 | |
| sh | [] | she fish shirt wash | 9-39 |
| t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet | 9-40 |
| [] | patient nation | 9-41 | |
| -tch | [] | watch catch match | 9-42 |
| th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 | [] | thin thirty method | 9-43 |
| [] | the these with than | 9-44 | |
| [] | clothe father weather | 9-45 | |
| tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck | 9-46 |
| v | [v] | very voice love leave | 9-47 |
| w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait | 9-48 |
| [/] | answer two | 9-49 | |
| wh- wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why | 9-50 |
| [h] | who whose whole | 9-51 | |
| x 在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise | 9-52 |
| [z] | example exist exact | 9-53 | |
| wr- | [r] | write wrong wrist | 9-54 |
| y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young | 9-55 |
| z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo | 9-56 |
