◆1 . cost / take / spend / pay 花费
花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .
某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .
※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。
※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?
The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .
He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone .
It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .
◆2 . thanks for 为…而感谢
⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party .
thanks to 多亏/由于
⑵______ your help .I got good grades .
◆3 . 感叹句 ：多么… what + 名词
how + 形容词 / 副词
⑴. ______ bad weather ！ ⑵. ______ hard he works ！
⑶. ______ fresh vegetables ！ ⑷. ______ cute a monkey it is ！
◆4 . 因为、由于 ： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 )
because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to
⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache .
He was late for class ______ the bad weather .
He can’t come _____ he is ill .
Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather .
※ because和 so不能同时连用 .
◆5 . 来自 ： be from = come from
⑴ Where are you from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?
⑵ He is from Tibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet .
◆6 . How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） →回答用表示一段时间的状语
How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） →回答用 in+时间段
How far 询问多长距离（多长）
⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .
⑵- ______ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes.
⑶ - ______ will your father come back ? - In two years .
⑷- _____ do you exercise ? - Once a week .
⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles .
⑹- _____ are you staying there ? - Two weeks .
◆7 . 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语
by+交通工具= on a 交通工具 在句中作方式状语
交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
⑴ He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus .
⑵ I walk to school . = I go to school ______ .
※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car
◆9 . 声音 ： sound ( 自然界各种声音 )
noise（噪音）
voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）
⑴Lucy has a sweet ______ . ⑵That ______ like a good idea .
⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping
◆11 . take… to … 带去
bring… to … 带来
fetch/catch 没有方向性（强调来回）
⑴ Tony . ______ the ball here .Please .
⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays .
⑶ ______ your homework _____ school tomorrow .
◆15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking .
stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ He was tired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest .
◆16. forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：
△forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事）→ He forgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school .
forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：
△forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事）→ He forgot turning off the light . (已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you remember seeing the man before ?
◆18. 擅长，在…方面做得好 ： be good at = do well in .
⑴ She is good at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry .
⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in ______ the violin .
⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily .but Lily _____ ______ in singing than Lucy .
◆19. win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴ Which team ______ the football match ?
⑵ Wang Hao ______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles .
◆20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb . sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入
lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出
keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。
⑴ Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?
⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrow your brother ____ ____.
⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ?
- You can _____ it for two weeks .
※ 类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be
leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on
die — be dead return — be back
① become He has ______ a doctor .
He has ______ a doctor for 10 years .
② begin The film has ______ .
The film has _________ for ten minutes .
◆22. too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house .
too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin .
much too 太 — 后跟形容词或副词原级 → This coat is much too expensive .
⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health .
⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today . You’d better not go out .
⑶ There are ______ ______ students in the hallways . It’s dangerous .
◆23. have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing . (现在不在北京)
have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing . (现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)
have / has been in / at 在某地
⑴ I have ever _______ ______ America twice .
⑵ He has ______ ______ Beijing for ten years .
⑶ – Where is your brother ?
- He ______ ______ to Hainan .
⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ?
◆24. used to do sth .过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean .
be（get）used to doing sth .习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early .
be used to do sth = be used for doing sth . 被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing .
⑴ Xiao Gang ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark .
⑵ The broom is ______ ______ clean the room . = The broom is ______ ______ cleaning the room .
⑶ He ______ ______ ______ living countryside .There is fresh air and sweet well .
⑷ Wood _____ _____ _____ making paper .
◆25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于）
be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是）
⑴ It must ______ Ning’s .= It must _________ Ning .
⑵ The pencil must be ______ (my) . = The pencil must belong to ______ (my) .
⑶ This ball ______ to me .= This ball is ______ .
◆27. be made from （由…制成）看不出原材料
be made of （由…制成）看得出原材料
⑴ The table ______ ______ ______ wood .
⑵ Paper ______ ______ ______ wood .
◆28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
prefer sth . to sth . 喜欢…而不喜欢…
prefer doing sth . to doing sth . 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
⑴ I prefer ______ (swim) to ______ (play) balls . ⑵ He _______ fish to beef .
⑶ I prefer to ______ (walk) to work .
◆29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： —ed 修饰人
—ing 修饰物
⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ (relaxing/relaxed) .
⑵ She is ______ in this ______ history story . (interesting/interested )
※ interesting (有趣的) — interested（感兴趣的） tiring(累人的)— tired（累的，疲倦的）
boring （令人无聊的）— bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）— excited（激动的）
surprising（令人惊讶的） — surprised（惊讶的）
relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed（放松的）
embarrassing (令人尴尬的；令人为难的) — embarrassed (尴尬的；为难的)
◆30. the number of + 名词复数（…的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。
a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many
⑴ The number of students in our class______ 80 .
⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School .
◆31. for + 一段时间
since + 时间点/过去时的句子
⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years .
⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old . .
⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago .
※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years .= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______ .
◆32. 除…之外 except （不包括在内）→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim .
besides （包括在内）→There are three girls besides me .
⑴ We all passed the exam ______ Li Yang .
⑵ Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun .
◆36. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth . 对某事要求严格
Miss Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students .
◆37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人
need doing sth 主语是物
⑴ The classroom _____ cleaning . It’s too dirty . ⑵ Children _____ to sleep a lot .
⑶ It’s very hot and dry . You need ______（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need ______ (water) .
◆38. through →介词: 从内部穿过 (park)
across →介词：从表面穿过
cross →动词（road. street. bridge）
⑴ Be careful when you ______ the street . ⑵ The man went ______ the forest .
⑶ The train goes ______ the tunnel (隧道) . ⑷ He swam _____ the river .
⑸ We drove _____ the desert (沙漠) . ⑹ Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue .
◆39. Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth .
提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth .
Let’s do sth .
⑴ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ? = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ?
⑵ Let’s _____ (go) out for a walk . ⑶ How about _____ (practice) conversations ?
◆40. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义（…也是如此）
Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义（…也不）
※ 它们都属于倒装句。
⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese . ______ ______ I . = Me ______ .
⑷ My sister isn’t outgoing . ______ ______ I .= Me ______ .
◆42. alone 单独，独自一人 →He is alone at home .
lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country .
⑴ Sometimes he feels quite _____ because he has no friends .
⑵ She lives _____ in that large house .
◆43 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree .
on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree .
⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ?
⑵ There are a lot of bananas_____ the tree .
◆44. in the wall 指在墙体内
on the wall 指在墙体表面
⑴ There is a map _____ the wall .
⑵ There is a door _____ the wall .
◆45. on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed .
in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed .
⑴ There is a jacket ___________ .
⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock .
◆46. 引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此…以至于…）
so是副词，后接adj和adv .句型：
such是形容词，后接n.句型：
⑴ He runs ____fast ____ we can’ catch him . ⑵ Lili is ____a kind girl ____we all love her .
⑵ Tom is ____ a clever boy that he can answer the question .= Tom is ____ clever a boy that he can answer the question .
⑶ The box is _____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it .
※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如：
He is so young that he can’t go to school .
= He is too young to go to school .
= He is not old enough to go to school .
◆47. 引导时间状语从句 ：
when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV , he came in . = When he came in , I was watching TV .
while+延续性动词（多用进行时）→While I was in Shanghai , I visited him .
⑴ _____ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door .
⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice , he stopped crying .
⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework ..
◆48. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。
I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football ____ ____ ____ ____ five .
◆49. instead 放句首、句末
instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than .
⑴ I will go to see her ______ you . ⑵ He doesn’t like beer .give him coke ______ .
⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud .
◆50. be famous as (作为…而知名) as + 职业/身份/地位 →Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl .
be famous for (以…而著名) for + 出名的原因 →Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake .
⑴ Li Bai is famous ______ a poet . ⑵ Jackie Chan ia famous ______ his action movies .
◆52. “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 。
⑴ I will show you where you should go .= I will show you _____ _____ _____ .
⑵ Idon’t know what to do . = I don’t know what _____ . A should I do B I should do
⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ？= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____ Summer Palace ?
※ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ （天气如何）in Chongqi ?
◆53. 问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用。
problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out 搭配。
⑴ Please answer my ________ in English . ⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______ .
⑶ This is a difficult _______ to answer .
◆54. family家/家庭（强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关）→My family are kind people .
home 家（指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩）→Welcome to my home .
house 房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）→They moved to their new house last year .
⑴ How many people are there in your _____? ⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____ .
⑶ I love Chengdu , I looked Chengdu as my ______ .
◆55. in front of (在…前面) 在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom .
in the front of (在…前部) 在某一范围内的前面→Two persons are sitting in the front of the car .
⑴ The policeman stands ____________ the car . ⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car .
◆56. 在晚上，在夜里 at night
on + a + adj + night
⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night . ⑵ He met a thief _____ a cold night .
◆58. sometimes 不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）→Sometimes I go to school by bus .
some times 几次（此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”）→He has been to Shanghai some times .
sometime 某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候）→ I saw him sometime last year .
some time 一段时间（此时time是不可数名词）→ He will stay here for some time .
⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week .⑵ _______ the boy is late for school .
⑶ He spent _________ in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus .
⑷ Li Jun has been to Bird’s Nest _________ .
◆59. wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .
put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）→Kate puts on her hat and goes out .
be in + 颜色/服饰（强调状态）→The girl in red is my sister .
dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) →She dresses her daughter every morning .
⑴ You’d better ______ your coat . ⑵ She was _______ a flower in her hair .
⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend . ⑷ He is too young to ______ himself .
⑸ Miss Li often _____ the white sports shoes .
※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物（穿着…颜色的衣服）→He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。
◆ 60. play + 球类、棋类名词（不加the ）play badminton / play chess / play computer games
play the +乐器名词。（必须加the） play the violin
⑴ - Do you like to play ______ football after class , Li Lei ?
- Yes ,I do . A .a B .the C . /
⑵ Sam can’t play ________ (piano), but he can play ________ (chess) .
◆62. speak 指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。
say强调说的内容。say sth .to sb .→Please say hello to him .
talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to / with sb表示与某人交谈，talk about sb / sth 表示“谈论某人 / 某事”。 →She is talking with her boss .
tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tell sb .sth. → Please tell me the time .
tell sb (not) . to do sth .→ She told me to wait for her .
※ tell可以和lie , story 搭配。如: tell a lie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth .
⑴ From his face we could see that he was _____ a lie . ⑵ She is ______ at the meeting .
⑶ Fangfang _____ she is at home . ⑷ They are ______ about the weather .
⑸ He can’t _____ it in French , but he can _____ English .
◆63. if引导条件状语从句 真实条件状语从句 — 主句是将来时，从句用现在时代替将来。
虚拟条件状语从句 — 虚拟语气
⑴ If I _____ (be) a bird , I would ______ (fly) in the sky .
⑵ If it _______ (not) rain ,We will climb the hill .
⑶ If I _____ (win) a million dollars , I would ______ (travel) around the world .
⑷ If he _____ (study) hard , he will get good grades .
◆. 强调动作 强调结果
找 look for寻找 find找到
看 look (at)看 see看见
听 listen (to)听 hear听见
look for / find
⑴ I am _______ my watch , but I can’t _______ it anywhere .
look at / see
⑴ Please _______ your books , boys and girls . ⑵ ______ ! What a playful monkey it is !
listen to / hear
⑴ Don’t shout ! I can _______ you .
⑵ Ann likes _______ music with her friends on weekends .
◆65. ago 副词，“以前”,一段时间后接ago .
before“以前”，可以用在现在完成时的句子中，还可以是连词，“在…以前”。
⑴ I have never been there _______ .
⑵ Please call me ______ you go .
⑶ My brother joined the army two years ______ .
⑷ Long long ______ , There was seven dwarfs（小矮人）in the forest .
◆66. 别的，其他的other 修饰名词，用于名词前。→What other animals do you like ?
else修饰不定代词/疑问代词/疑问副词，放它们的后面。→What else do you have to do ?
⑴ You’d better ask some ______ people .
⑵ There is nothing _____ on the desk .
◆67. every day 每天，作状语。
everyday日常的，作定语。
⑴ We go to school at 7:00 ________ .
⑵ What’s your ______ activity ?
◆68. happen 主要指偶然发生的事
take place 表示预先决定的事
※ happen 和take place都不用于被动语态
⑴ A traffic accident _______ yesterday .
⑵ The May Fourth Movement (五四运动) _________ in 1919 .
◆69. one … the other 一个…另一个
some … others 一些…另一些 （另一些并不包括全部）
some … the others一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）
⑴ I have two brothers, _____ is a teacher , _______ is a doctor .
⑵ _____ students are in the classroom , ________ are out .
⑶ At the party , ______ are dancing , ______ are singing
◆70. be alive 作后置定语
living + n. 作前置定语
The old man is a great and ______ scientist .He is still ______ .
◆71. on one’s + 序数词 + birthday （在某人几岁生日时）
in one’s + 整十的基数词的复数 （在某人几十多岁时）
⑴ Edison invented many things in his _______ (twenty) .
⑵ On my ______ (twenty) birthday . I got a new mobile phone .
◆72. till = until (直到) “延续性动词（肯定式）+ until”译为“直到…为止”
“瞬间性动词/延续性动词的否定式not + until”译为“直到…才”
⑴ He waited until ten o’clock . 翻译：____________________
⑵ He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work . 翻译：____________________
◆73. 疑问句+ ever = no matter + 疑问句 →引导让步状语从句：whatever = no matter what (无论什么) whenever = no matter when (无论何时) whoever = no matter who (无论谁)
wherever = no matter where (无论在哪里) however = no matter how(无论如何)
◆74. 数词 - 名词 - (形容词) 复合形容词作定语
数词 + 名词复数
⑴ He is a two-year-old boy . = The boy is two _____ old .
⑵ Look ! This is a ______ buildings .A 70-floors B 70-floor C 70 floors
⑶ We have ______ (两天) holiday .
⑷ Twelve-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes .
※ Twelve-year-olds 表示一类人。（12岁的人）
◆75. agree with sb .同意某人的意见 → I don’t agree with you .
agree to sth .同意某人的建议/办法/计划等 → He agreed to my plan .
◆76. believe 表示相信某人的话 → I believe you .= I believe that you say .
believe in表示信任，相信···的存在 → I believe ib that man . / Believe in God .相信上帝的存在。
◆77. run out不及物动词短语，指物用完，用光 → My money has run out .
run out of及物动词短语，指人用完，用光了物 → I have run out of my money .
◆78. maybe = perhaps或许/可能.副词，在句中作状语 → Maybe he will come here tomorrow .
may be 或许/可能,may是情态动词，在句中作谓语 → He may be from the USA ,too .
※ maybe 和may be 可以互换：Maybe you are right . =You may be right .
◆79. fist = first of all 第一，首先。强调事情发展的顺序 → First I had to decide what to wear .
at first = at the beginning 起初，起先。表示一件事情的开始阶段 → I didn’t like this job at first .
◆80. 表示时间的介词
in表示一段时间或较长时间 → in the morning / afternoon / evening in May ,2010
on指在星期/具体某一天或特指某一天的上/下/晚上 → on Monday / on Children’s day / on Monday afternoon / on school nights
at表示点时间或较短的时间 → at 8:00 / at noon / at night
◆81. must （必须）表示说话人的主观意图和需求→ I have something to do , I must go now .
have to（不得不，必须）表示客观需要 → It’s your turn to clean the classroom . You have to do it .
※ must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须用needn’t 或don’t have to (不必) .
如：- Must I finish the housework today ?
- No , you needn’t . / you don’t have to .
◆82. at the end (后常接of)表示在某时，活动或事件等终止/结束时→She went to Japan at the end of last month .上月底他去了日本。
in the end（后不能接 of）最后，最终→ In the end we finished this job .
◆83. join 表示加入某个组织、机构、团体等 → He joined the League last year .
take part in 表示参加某项活动、比赛、游戏等 → She took part in the English Speech Contest yesterday .
◆84. watch sb . do sth(看···做某事) → He sat down and watched Wangwang play with a lovely black cat .
watch sb . doing sth (看···正在做某事) 强调动作正在进行 → I watched her dancing just now .
※ 类似用法的还有这些感官动词：see / look at / hear / listen to / feel等.
◆85. 该…的时候了 ： It’s time to do sth . 和 It’s time for (doing ) sth .可以互换 。
⑴ It is time for school .= It’s time to ______ ______ school .
⑵ It’s time to study English .= It’s time ______ ______ English .
※ It’s time for sb to do sth . 如： It’s dark . It’s time for you to go home .
◆86. hope+宾语从句，用陈述语序 → I hope that I can help you .
wish+宾语从句，用虚拟语气 → I wish that I could help you .
※ wish后跟双宾语(Wish you success !)和复合宾语，wish sb . to do sth →/ I wish you to go there with me . hope to . do sth . → I hope to go to Beijing this summer .
◆87. no + n.( no是形容词) He has no dog and no family .
not (not是副词)，与be动词/助动词/情态动词连用: isn’t / didn’t / can’t . → There isn’t water or air .
※ no和not 可以互换:She has no pens . = She doesn’t have pens .
◆88. sth be familiar to sb： 某事或某物为某人所熟悉；某物对某人是熟悉的
sb be familiar with sth： 某人熟悉某物下载本文
