第一部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 During the game, the morale of the athletes is extremely important.
A strategy B luck C confidence D attitude
2 Concrete is a durable, watertight, and incombustible material that is, moreove , inexpensive to make.
A in addition B more or less C however D consequently
3 What a juicy morsel it is?
A tidbit B savory C gossip D steak
4 Mounting evidence indicates that acid rain is damaging historic sites in Boston and Philadelphia.
A Hanging B Tentative C Increasing D Irrefutable
5 The nocturnal habits and mournful cries of owls have made them objects of superstition for some people.
A strange B secret C frightful D sorrowful
6 The English first attempted to settle in Maine at the mouth of the Kennebec River in 1607.
A edge of B elbow in C entrance to D source of
7 Neighboring states often sign trade agreements with one another.
A Peaceful B Friendly C Adjacent D Developing
8 Parachutes are not a new invention.
A a valuable B a lucky C a recent D an unknown
9 Cactus plants have spines that prevent animals from nibbling them.
A ruining B reaching C climbing D gnawing
10 There are notices to the contrary, a great deal of technical writing is at best awkward and at worst actually unclear.
A denials B laws C attempts D ideas
11 The students will be notified regarding the college entrance examination.
A condoned B deformed C emulated D informed
12 Even before modern notions of friction, it was known that greased surfaces move over one another more easily than dry ones.
A concepts B tricks C benefits D techniques
13 Because poultry is as nutritious as beef and lower in fat, many people are beginning to include more chicken in the diets.
A delicious B filling C common D nourishing
14 One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships obediently follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
A skillfully B safely C dutifully D currently
15 In the United States there are more people who are obese today than twenty years ago.
A gainfully employed B upwardly mobile C excessively overweight D privately educated
第二部分：阅读判断 (第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Cosmetic Surgery
Surgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States. This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive in their jobs. Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts(面部拉皮手术)，liposuction(taking fat out of the body ), and implants (putting artificial parts into their bodies) to help them look younger. As companies downsize(缩编)and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive. These operations are not without dangers , however.
One young woman had an eye operation to get rid of the bags under her eyes. She described her experience as terrible. She said, “When he started cutting, I was fully awake. Even though he’d given me an injection near my eyes, I saw everything.” She went on to explain, “I knew I had to keep still because of what he was doing. He was scraping(刮)away fat underneath my eyes. It took about ten minutes. After he finished, I felt I couldn't walk. I was so faint.” Her troubles did not end after the operation for two weeks. Her eyes were swollen (肿胀的)and almost completely closed, and even dark glasses could not hide the side effects of the operation.
Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in the United States. It seems simple enough. First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed. Next, a small pipe is put into the cut. A machine like a vacuum cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body. However, as one doctor explained, some problems can happen after the operation. He warned, “Irregular lumps and loose skin can result from this operation. If it is not evenly done, liposuction can produce a very lumpy result.”Patients often must have more liposuction to correct the problem.
16 Cosmetic surgery is more popular in the US than anywhere else.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 There are hardly any risks involved in cosmetic operations.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 The eye operation was such a failure that the woman refused to pay for it.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Not everyone is a good candidate for liposuction.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1，3，7，9段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Integrating All Communications
1 Have you ever felt frustrated when you have to contact your friends, but cannot reach them even you've tried to call to their mobile phones,pager and telephone? You may have to try again and again to reach them through other means such as the Internet or ICQ chat lines until you find where they are.
2 “But never fear, the future will bring this running around to an end,”an executive with Lucent Technologies says.
3 “If you contact your friend through a traditional telephone ,but you find no one there, the network will automatically search for other communication means until your friend is available and connects you, maybe through his mobile phone or instant message account,”Robert Cohen, Lucent's global product marketing director, said.
4 “The integration of different communication networks will make this possible,”he said. The integrated telecommunication network is expected to be the next big thing in the next couple of years.
5 Future networks will be developed to be multi-service networks that can support all kinds of communication methods and provide multiple communication services to users. Users would be able to communicate with one another across the different devices with a variety of multimedia contents such as voice, data and video.
6 “It's the next generation network ,”Cohen said.”It's to combine fixed-line telephone, wireless communication cable as well as the Internet under the same network, and allow communication to be done across different communication technologies.”
7 Adoption of the integrated technologies will help lay the foundation for the “single number”concept. Instead of having several contact numbers used for several kinds of devices, people will be assigned one number, and this number will be used to allow their friends to contact them through E-mail, mobile phone, pager, instant message or other kinds of devices.”With just one number your friends will be able to contact you through all communication methods as the number will associate with each individual's communication device connected to the network,”Cohen said.
8 To usher the industry in the future, Lucent has introduced what is called SoftSwitch technology to be the brain for the “next generation” network. SoftSwitch allows telecom operators to integrate different kinds of communications networks, even old circuit-based networks or the new “packet” network.
9 The technology also allows operators to create enhanced communication services on their existing network infrastructure, helping them to take a shorter time for new service delivery.
A Functions of Lucent's SoftSwitch
B Single NumberConcept-basis for the Integrated Technologies
D Single Number Concept
E Higher Service Quality
F Inconvenience of Disintegrated Communication Means
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 7
26 Paragraph 9
27 It is not so convenient to use only
28 With the use of multi-service networks, users would be able to communicate with one another across
29 SoftSwitch is developed by Lucent as
30 From this passage we know that in the near future everyone is contacted by others through
A one communication method without integration
B development of new telecommunications equipment
C he brain of the next generation network
D his particular assigned number
E different devices and media
F transformation of old circuit-based networks
第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Sauna
Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.
The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna” ,is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1—2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starve a fever”. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.
Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body’s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100—150 beats per minute.
A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor’s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.
31. Ceremonial bathing____.
A is called the sauna by Finns
B is equivalent to the steam bath
C has various forms
D is held in an enclosed room
32. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?
A Saunas in underground caves. .
B Saunas with smoke.
C Saunas using wood burning stoves.
D Saunas using electric stoves.
33. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT _
A reducing the chance of getting cold
B speeding recovery
C relieving stress
D curing asthma
34. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because _ .
A pores are cleaned by sweat
B water is lost by sweating
C blood moves to the surface for heat exchange
D the heart pumps harder and faster
35. Who are advised not to take a sauna?
A Elderly people.
B Pregnant women.
C People with heart trouble.
D All of the above.
第二篇 A Gay Biologist
Molecular biologist Dean Hammer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.
What is it that makes Hammer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone’s personality? Hammer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hammer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.
That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hammer’s creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “you have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality,” Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet.”
Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation.
Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. “Frankly, I was bored, “he remembers, “and ready for something new.”
Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. “I’m gay,” Hamer says with a shrug, “but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity—and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research.”
36. The first paragraph mainly describes Hamer’s .
A looks, hobbies and character. B viewpoint on homosexuality.
C unique life-style. D scientific research work.
37. Hamer was a .
A psychiatrist. B physiologist.
C chemist. D biologist.
38. What is Hamer doing now?
A He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one’s intelligence.
B He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one’s personality.
C He is writing a book entitled “Live with Our Genes.”
D He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper.
39. What happened to Hamer’s research interest?
A He turned to basic research B He sticked to basic research.
C He turned to behavioral genetics. D He sticked to behavioral genetics.
40. According to Hamer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject?
A He is a gay and he wants to cure himself.
B He was curious about it as a scientist.
C He was curious about it like everyone else
D It is a subject that can lead to political success.
第三篇 High Stress May Damage Memory
According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.
The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, “healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging.
The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, “write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys.
Over a 5 to 6-year period. Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most of whom were in their 70s.
Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three subgroups: those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high); those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate).
The researchers tested the volunteers’ memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.
The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.
The results suggest that “... brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging,” write Porter and Landfield. “This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus.”
41. The part of the brain important for a person's learning and memory is .
A the cortisol B the adrenal glands C the stress hormones D the hippocampus
42. When the levels of cortisol go higher, the hippocampus in the brain may .
A become largerB become smaller C be missing D be totally damaged
43. According to the article, when people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork, .
A the adrenal glands will produce a streets hormone
B the kidneys will produce adrenal glands
C the hippocampus will produce high levels of cortisol in the blood
D the cortisol will produce something that makes a poorer memory
44. When the total volume of the hippocampus becomes smaller, other brain regions .
A become smaller too
B become larger
C may remain the same in size
D may be damaged
45. Porter and Landfield's research shows that .
A the change in the levels of adrenal hormones has nothing to do with the degree of brain aging
B the change in the levels of adrenal hormones has a lot to do with the degree of brain aging
C the long-term stress will gradually make the hippocampus worse
D None of the above is correct
第五部分：补全短文 (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer. However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. 46
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. 47 The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. 48 They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.
It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. 49 Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.
People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. 50
A Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.
E As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
第六部分：完形填空 (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more 5l to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) . The study involved l.2million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analysed the 52___ _of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link 53 good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for 54 thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a 55 in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 56 and that your brain gets plenty of____57 ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons 58 we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular 59 . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. "
By analysing data for twins, the researchers have been 60 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a 61 IQ. “We have also shown that those youngsters who 62 their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance, ” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical 63 is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in 65_ . Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
51. A carefully B secretly C likely D happily
52. A answers B works C scores D results
53. A behind B between C among D without
54. A logical B critical C typical D positive
55. A place B game C role D trick
56. A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
57. A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
58. A what B why C how D where
59. A exercise B training C strength D movement
60. A able B clever C lucky D clear
61. A moderate B average C lower D higher
62. A ignore B improve C like D determine
63. A examination B labour C movement D education
. A before B after C without D during
65. A marriage B life C residence D service
卫生类(A级)试题答案
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| C | A | A | C | D | C | C | C | D | D | D | A | D |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
| C | C | C | B | B | A | C | C | A | F | C | D | E |
| 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 |
| A | E | C | D | C | B | D | A | D | A | D | B | C |
| 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 |
| B | B | D | A | C | B | B | C | A | F | E | C | D |
| 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 65 | |
| B | A | C | A | C | B | C | A | D | B | D | D | B |
