三、动词have的用法
动词have在中学英语中的用法
一、have作实意动词。
1. 表示“有”的意思。
Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes.
(注1)：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。
(注2)：在英国口语中常用have got代替have.
Look, can't you see I've got teeth, too？ I haven't got any jewelry.
2. have和一些其他名词连用，表示：
(1)一种活动。
We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）
They're going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）
Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）
We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（谈话）
(2)患病。
I have got a headache. I have a bad cold.
(3)发生的情况。
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.
(4)生育。
The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.
3. 和一个与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化的名词）。
Are you going to have a swim? I have a long talk with the teacher.
4. have on sth或have sth on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。
I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.
At the ball Mathilde had a diamond necklace on.
5. 表示“吃”、“喝”。
I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs. Does she have lunch at home?
6. 组成复合结构,即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb do sth)，表示让、叫某人做某事。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
(注)：否定结构表示“不能让„„”或“从未有人„„”
We won't have you blame it on others.
She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语［have sb(sth) doing］，表示让（使）某人做某事。
…the two men had their lights burning all night long….
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语［have sb(sth) done］，表示：
①使（让，请）别人做某事，表示动作是别人做的。
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.
…he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.
②遭遇到某事。
Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.
二、have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必 须”，可用于各种时态。
I have to look after her at home.
三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时和过去完成时。
Great changes have taken place the last two years.
They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.
四、have用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。
1.must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。
Her father thought that she must have met a fairy. You must have left your bag in the theatre.
2.can(could)＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。
He can't have been to your home; he doesn't know your address.
3.should＋have＋过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。
You should have been here five minutes ago.
五、have用于某些成语，表示固定的意思。
1.have a word(a few words)with sb，表示“和某人说一（几）句话”。
Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.
2.had better＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“„„最好„„”。
I'd better go and look for him now.
3.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和„„无（有）关系”。
Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.
练习
1. —What have you_______ hydrogen, Mary?
—Balloons.
A. have filled with B. had filled with C. had filled of D. to have filled
2. If your mother and wife are very ill at the same time and you can only help one at a time, who would you rather have_______ to the hospital first?
A. send B. sending C. sent D. to be sent
3. Whom do you think he would_______ a letter of congratulation to the teacher?
A. have write B. have written C. have to write D. have writing
4. He had his leg_______ trying to save an eight-year-old boy from a cave-in.
A. injure B. to be injured C. injuring D. injured
5. I’m not going to have him_______ up with this sort of business.
A. mix B. mixed C. to mix D. mixing
6. I can’t have a child of 5_______ for you in the rain.
A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait
7. Why do you go to town when you have people_______ with you?
A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. to stay
