C5 [2013·广东卷] C
One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help？”
I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.
The first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.
Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?
“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.
“It's your turn，” he said.
After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.
36．When he first met the author, David ________．
A. felt a little excited
B. walked energetically
C. looked a little nervous
D. showed up with his teacher
37．As a psychologist, the author ________．
A. was ready to listen to David
B. was skeptical about psychology
C. was able to describe David's problem
D. was sure of handling David's problem
38．David enjoyed being with the author because he________．
A．wanted to ask the author for advice
B．needed to share sorrow with the author
C．liked the children's drawings in the office
D．beat the author many times in the chess game
39．What can be inferred about David?
A．He recovered after months of treatment.
B．He liked biking before he lost his family.
C．He went into university soon after starting to talk.
D．He got friends in school before he met the author.
40．What made David change?
A．His teacher's help.
B．The author's friendship.
C．His exchange of letters with the author.
D．The author's silent communication with him.
【要点综述】 对于一个自闭的孩子，心理医生最好的疗法或许就是默默地和他一块感受他的痛苦……
36．C 细节理解题。由第一段的“…and his hands shaking slightly.”可以看出，第一次见面时David有点紧张。
37．A 细节理解题。由第二段的“Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.”可以看出，他已准备好了聆听。
38．B 细节理解题。在第五段中，作者对小男孩愿意来找他的原因进行了猜测：“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought.“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”由此可知答案。
39．A 推理判断题。经过作者的治疗，David已经恢复了正常：started talking, got friends in school and joined a bicycle club，同时给作者写信描述了自己目前的生活以及对将来生活的打算。由此可知答案。
40．D 细节理解题。由文章可知，是作者的正确治疗方法，才使David恢复得那么好。他的方法就是：is to listen openly and sympathetically，具体的做法就是默默地和他下棋。
(2011·东城练习二，D)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”．
Those who support the“nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能)．
Proponents of the“nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are farreaching. In the US ，for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some“nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
人的个性和行为是天生具有的还是后天形成的？社会学家对此看法不一。
17．This passage is mainly concerned with ________.
A. relation between personality and behavior
B. relation between behavior and environment
C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D. different theories of the formation of human behavior
答案：D。主旨大意题。通读全文不难看出，本文主要讨论了人的个性是天生的还是受周围环境的影响而形成的，故选D。
18．The underlined word“proponents” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. creators B. advisors
C. advocates D. judges
答案：C。词义猜测题。本文主要叙述了两种理论拥护者之间的辩论，所以应选C(拥护者)。
19．In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about ________.
A. the considerable influence of the two theories
B. differences between the blackes and whites
C. racial discrimination in the United States
D. different responds to intelligence tests
答案：A。主旨大意题：第5段首先告诉我们，这两种理论在社会上和政治上都有深远的意义，接着用事例论证了这种理论，故答案为A。
20．What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D. To present an argument in the field of social science.
答案：D。推理判断题。本文主要叙述了社会学家对于人的个性和行为的形成的不同观点，以及他们精辟的剖析，故答案为D。
A
(2011·东北三省四市联考，B)
You're in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their conversation: “I can't believe it—Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn't it beautiful? And it's a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”
They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It's nice and the price is right. You've never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So，you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.
Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover marketing. Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to use it.
Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don't pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation—consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It's a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend，but they don't trust ads.
So advertising agencies hire young actors to“perform” in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this practice misleading, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. “Look at traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing. ”It is true，because everyone knows an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. However，you don't know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.
本文是说明文。介绍了一种新的很有创意的开发市场的广告形式。
1．The two attractive young women were talking so as to ________.
A. get the sweater at a lower price B. be heard by people around
C. be admired by other shoppers D. decide on buying the sweater
答案：B。事实细节题。由第二段可知，她们其实是商家请的广告职员，目的就是通过大声讨论商品吸引顾客对其商品的关注和兴趣，故选B。
2．Lorenzo Bertolla is ________.
A. a very popular male singer B. an advertising agency
C. a clothing company in Rome D. the brand name of clothes
答案：D。事实细节题。由第一段中的looking at a sweater和第二段最后的Lorenzo Bertolla clothes可知，这是一个服装品牌。
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A. Traditional advertising will soon disappear in the market.
B. The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by all kinds of ads.
C. That traditional advertising is too direct may lead to its decreasing effectiveness.
D. Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government.
答案：C。推理判断题。由尾段中的“Look at traditional advertising.Its effectiveness is decreasing.”可知答案。A项说法无根据；根据第四段的一、二句可排除B项；D项说法在文中无事实依据，也过于武断，故被排除。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Two Attractive Shoppers B. Lorenzo Bertolla Sweaters
C. Ways of Advertising D. Undercover Marketing
答案：D。主旨大意题。总览文章可知，文章主要讲述了商家雇请广告员工来吸引顾客的新的广告模式——undercover marketing，即秘密营销。
B
(2011·东城练习二，B)
This is an open letter to the three people who stole my handbag from the department store where I am employed as a shop assistant.
When you took my bag，I don't know what you thought you were going to get. With my wages，there's not much left on a Tuesday. I hope the ￡5 was useful to you. I have informed the social security office so you won't be able to cash the child benefit next week. I hope that won't leave you too short，but if you really need a couple of pounds，I suppose you could always cash one of the two checks left in my check book. Of course, I phoned the bank right away and the checkcashing card is no longer valid, so it won't be much use to you.
Actually I don't mind about the money too much. We single parents who work to support our families understand only too well what it means to be short of cash. However, I don't suppose it went very far among the three of you. Sorry about that!
I wish you had left the bag behind and just taken the wallet and check book. There were all kinds of papers in it，and notes and things that I really need. I really think that was very inconsiderate of you. I mean，how would you like something like that to happen to you?
Well，perhaps the bag will turn up. It wasn't even an expensive one，just a plain, old brown leather shoulder bag. You probably dumped it in the nearest rubbish bin or threw it into the bushes. We've looked around, of course, but no one saw which way you went after you left the shop.
I'm not really angry with you. I know how the pressures of modern living can affect us, but I am sad at the loss of my personal things. I feel violated and helpless. The police were very icy，and they just shrugged (耸) their shoulders. “It happens all the time，” they told me. Some small comfort, I suppose. But I've lost just a little more faith in human nature. And as my young son said when I told him what had happened, “Why? Mummy, why us？” I couldn't answer that question. I wonder if you can.
这是一位手提包被盗的单亲母亲写给小偷的公开信，既表达了对这种偷盗行为的不理解，又委婉地进行了谴责。
5．In writing Paragraph 2，the writer wants to ________.
A. describe the contents of the bag in detail
B. give some suggestions to the three thieves
C. tell the thieves hardly any money was available
D. state the fact that she was careless with the money
答案：C。推理判断题。第2段解释了自己已向银行等相关机构挂失，不难看出小偷可用的钱很少，由此可知答案。
6．Which of the following is the most valuable to the writer?
A. The cash in her bag. B. The papers and notes in the bag.
C. The handbag itself. D. The check books in the bag.
答案：B。事实细节题。由第4段第2句可知，包里有不同种类的文件、笔记和失主真正需要的东西。由最后一段第2句personal things可知对作者最有价值的东西是文件和笔记。
7．What can we conclude about the police?
A. They have doubts about human nature. B. They show sympathy for the woman.
C. They think the case quite common. D. They are unable to find the thieves.
答案：C。 推理判断题。由尾段第4句可知，认为这种事情一直都在发生，故推知选C。
8．Why does the author write the letter?
A. To give the thieves a serious warning.
B. To complain about the fall of morality.
C. To call people's attention to their belongings.
D. To express her affection for her valuable bag.
答案：B。主旨大意题。由文章内容可知，失主叙述了自己丢包的无助以及对这种偷窃行为的抱怨和谴责，由此可知答案为B(抱怨社会道德的沦丧)。
C5 [2013·广东卷] D
While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked—remotely—to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.
Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high－tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.
Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
41．Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?
A．To correct her typing mistakes.
B．To find her secrets in the room.
C．To prevent her from slowing down.
D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors.
42．The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________．
A．advanced technique
B．sharpening tool
C．effective rule
D．dividing line
43．For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if ________．
A．they can attract potential students
B．they can defeat academic cheating
C．they offer students online help
D．they offer many online courses
44．Some programs can find out possible cheaters by ________．
A．checking the question answering speed
B．producing a large number of questions
C．scanning the Internet test questions
D．giving difficult test questions
45．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．The Advantages of Online Exams
B．The High－tech Methods in Online Courses
C．The Fight Against Cheating in Online Education
D．The War Against the Booming of Online Education
【要点综述】 开放网络教学为人们的知识升级打开了便捷之门，如何保证其教育和学习的质量，防止考试时作弊，现在科技手段在发挥着重要的作用……
41．D 推理判断题。第二段告诉我们监控的目的：“Her Internet access was locked—remotely—to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？”这些措施都是为了监督其考试中不发生不诚实的行为。该题也可结合常识确定答案。
42．A 词义理解题。从上文的描述及下文的“a key”，“The technology”可以看出，这是一个先进的技术，是确保网络考试真实的关键。
43．B 细节理解题。关键信息：valid。由第三段的“Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid — that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.”可知答案。破折号后的内容指的就是选项中所说的：defeat academic cheating。
44．A 细节理解题。由最后一段的“…by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.”可以看出一些软件是通过设置部分难题，通过对答题速度的检测来判断考试者是否在作弊。
45．C 主旨大意题。文章论述的是为了提高开放网络教学的可信度所使用的高科技监考手段，由此可知C项最能概括全文。下载本文
