内科学 课程期末考试标准答案及评分细则
[选择题]每题1分,共50分
| 题号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 答案 | B | D | D | E | A | C | E | A | B | C |
| 题号 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 答案 | E | D | E | D | D | E | D | A | E | B |
| 题号 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| 答案 | D | A | A | B | B | B | B | C | E | C |
| 题号 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| 答案 | C | B | C | E | B | D | C | A | C | C |
| 题号 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
| 答案 | D | B | A | D | B | B | D | C | B | C |
51. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy
The patient without clinical performance of hepatic encephalopathy,the conventional psycho nervous system examination was normal,but some examination ,such as EEG evoked potential, critical visual flicker frequency can find abnormal in the patient.
52. respiratory failur
The term respiratory failure is used to describe inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, with the result that arterial oxygen and/or carbon dioxide levels cannot be maintained within their normal ranges(0.5分). A drop in blood oxygenation is known as hypoxemia(PaO2 < 60 mmHg)(0.5分); a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 50 mmHg) (0.5分). Classification into type I or type II relates to the absence or presence of hypercarbia respectively(0.5分).
53. honeymoon period
The honeymoon period for patients with Diabetes mellitus type 1 is the period that often follows diagnosis and initiation ofinsulin treatment. It is often suggestive of remission, but it is important to note that the two are unrelated - it is not a cure for type 1 diabetes.[ During this period some of the insulin-producing beta cellsof the pancreas have not been completely destroyed yet and produce unpredictable amounts of endogenous insulin. This period does not occur in all patients.[2] If the honeymoon period does occur, it may last anywhere from weeks to months, and sometimes up to a year. Rarely will patients experience this period for prolonged lengths of time, more than a year.
54. Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome is the name given to a collection of kidney-related findings. It isn’t a kind of disease ,it is a syndrome, include many etiology .
proteinuria—high levels of protein in the urine ,>3.5g/day;
hypoalbuminemia—low levels of albumin ,<30g/L
edema and high cholesterol (blood fat) levels
55. Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to any group of symptoms attributed to obstruction of the coronary arteries. The most common symptom prompting diagnosis of ACS is chest pain, often radiating of the left arm or angle of the jaw, pressure-like in character, and associated with nausea and sweating. Acute coronary syndrome usually occurs as a result of one of three problems: ST elevation myocardial infarction, non ST elevation myocardial infarction, or unstable angina .
[简答题] (每题4分,共20分,Answer in English.)
56. Please describe the abnormal laboratory indexes related to disease activity of SLE.
decreased blood cells(1分),proteinuria, hematuria, cylinderuria, noninfectiveleukocyturia(1分), hypocomplementemia(1分), increasedanti-dsDNA antibody titer(0.5分), increased ESR(0.5分).
57. 请描述Felty综合征的临床特点。
Felty综合征是指类风湿关节炎(1分)伴有脾肿大(1分)和白细胞减少(1分)的三联征,多同时伴有贫血(0.2分)、血小板减少(0.2分)、血沉增快(0.2分)、高滴度的类风湿因子(0.2分)及HLA-DR4阳性(0.2分)。
58. 高血压肾损害与肾性高血压的鉴别?
高血压肾损害一般发病年龄较大,或有原发性高血压病家族史。先有高血压,以后才有肾脏损害,出现尿液和肾功能不正常等,一般24小时尿蛋白小于1g, ,一般无血尿,以小管功能损害为主,可同时合并心,脑,肾的损害,有眼底改变。
由肾实质性疾病引起的高血压称为肾实质性高血压,此类患者出现高血压的年龄较早,有肾炎病史或肾盂肾炎病史,可见血尿、水肿、蛋白尿,或发热、腰痛、尿频、尿急、尿痛等症状。在高血压发生之前或同时出现尿检异常,可有或不伴有肾功能损害。
59. 试述重症溃疡性结肠炎的分度标准。
血性腹泻>6次/天,体温>37.5℃,心率≥100次/分,血细胞比容<30%,红细胞沉降率≥30mm/1h,白蛋白<30g/L,体重下降>10%。
60.糖尿病酮症酸中毒治疗补钾原则有哪些?
糖尿病酮症酸中毒治疗补钾原则:补钾应根据血钾和尿量。治疗前血钾低于正常,立即开始补钾,前2-4小时通过静脉输液每小时补钾13-20mmol/L,(相当于氯化钾1。0-1.5g);血钾正常,尿量>40ml/h,也立即开始补钾;血钾正常,尿量<30ml/h,暂缓补钾,待尿量增加后再开始补钾;血钾高于正常,暂缓补钾。治疗过程中定时检测血钾和尿量,调整补钾量和速度。
[综合分析题](每题10分,共20分)
61.
(1)诊断:慢性阻塞性肺疾病(极重度,急性加重期)1分(分期或分级错误-0.5)
慢性肺源性心脏病(肺心功能失代偿期)0.5分
肺性脑病0.5分
Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭0.5分
呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒0.5分
心律失常(期前收缩)0.5分
支气管肺炎0.5分
诊断依据:
老年,男性;
症状:咳嗽、咳痰20余年,气促3年,加重并腹胀1周;
体征:嗜睡(肺性脑病),口唇发绀,球结膜水肿,颈静脉怒张。气管居中,桶状胸,胸廓扩张度和语颤减弱,叩诊过清音,双肺呼吸音减低,肝界下移(COPD),右下肺闻及湿啰音(肺部感染),P2>A2,双下肢中度凹陷性水肿(肺心病失代偿)。
肺功能:FEV1 24.9%预测值(COPD极重度),FEV1/FVC 41.6%。
血气分析:PH7.23,PaO270mmHg,PaO280mmHg,HCO3-50mmol/L,BE 12。(Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭,呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒)
(2)下一步检查(以下答对3点给3分):
胸部影像学
心电图
心脏超声
痰涂片+染色,痰培养
(3)治疗原则:
积极控制感染;1分
通畅气道(化痰解痉);改善呼吸功能,纠正缺氧与二氧化碳潴留(氧疗,机械通气);1分
控制心衰(利尿与扩血管);处理并发症(处理心律失常、纠正酸碱失衡等)。1分
62.
1)请给病人下一个完整、全面的诊断? (5分)
风湿性心脏瓣膜病
二尖瓣关闭不全并狭窄
心脏扩大
房颤
急性左心衰
急性肠炎
2)本病例病情急剧变化的原因? 感染、输液过多 (2分)
3)抢救治疗原则? 端坐位,吸氧、镇静、强心、利尿、扩血管、抗感染 (2分)
4)要明确诊断需进一步作什么检查? 心脏超声 (1分)下载本文