Name:______________
一、名词的分类
| 类别 | 意义 | 例词 | ||
| 专有名词 | 表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名词 | Lu Xun, China, Handan, WTO… | ||
| 普通名词 | 可数名词 | 个体名词 | 表示一类人或物的个体 | apple, pencil, doctor, teacher |
| 集体名词 | 表示一群人或一类物的集合体 | people, family, team, class | ||
| 不可数名词 | 物质名词 | 表示无法分为个体的实物 | air, sand, water, rain | |
| 抽象名词 | 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 | peace, friendship, happiness | ||
名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 单数变复数的规则
| 情况 | 构成方法 | 例词 |
| 一般情况 | 直接加s | map-maps / bag-bags / car-_________ |
| 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 | 变y 为i,再加es | baby-babies / family-__________ |
| 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 | 直接加es | bus-buses / watch-_________ |
| 以f或fe结尾 | 变f或fe为ves | wife-wives / knife-_________ |
| 部分以o结尾的有生命名词 | 加es | hero-heroes / tomato-_________ |
② 常见的以o结尾要加es的有如下几个:hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango,可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。
③ 以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下:
妻子拿刀去宰狼,小偷吓得着发了慌,躲进架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。
2. 不规则复数形式
| 构成方法 | 例词 |
| a变e | man-men, woman-_________, policeman-___________, Frenchman-_________ |
| oo变ee | tooth-teeth, foot-_________, goose-_________ |
| ouse变为ice | mouse-mice, louse-_________ |
| 词尾加ren | child-children |
| 单复数同形 | deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese,people |
② 不规则复数形式的记忆口诀:
男女英法人,都是将man变成men。
脚、牙oo变ee,child加上ren。
鹿和绵羊是一家,单变复时不变化。
3.“某国人”的复数形式 “中日不变英法变,其余s加后边”
| 国家名 | 国籍 | 单数 | 复数 |
| China | 中国人 | a Chinese | two Chinese |
| Japan | 日本人 | a Japanese | two Japanese |
| England | 英国人 | An Englishman | two Englishmen |
| France | 法国人 | a Frenchman | two Frenchmen |
| Australia | 澳大利亚人 | an Australian | two Australians |
| Russia | 人 | a Russian | two Russians |
| Italy | 意大利人 | an Italian | two Italians |
| Greece | 希腊人 | a Greek | two Greeks |
| America | 美国人 | an American | two Americans |
| India | 印度人 | an Indian | two Indians |
| Canada | 加拿大人 | a Canadian | two Canadians |
| Germany | 德国人 | a Germans | two Germans |
| Sweden | 瑞典人 | a Swede | two Swedes |
在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加's表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。
1. 有生命的名词所有格
(1)单数名词的所有格加’s。如:
Mother’s Day_____________ the little girl’s doll_____________
(2)以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加’。如:
Teachers’ Day_____________ the students’ books_____________
(3)姓氏以s结尾,也可直接加’。如:
Jones’ office琼斯的办公室
(4)不规则的复数名词变所有格加’s。如:
children’s books儿童读物 Women’s Day_____________
(5)表示两人共有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。如:
莉莉和露西的爸爸___________________ 约翰和玛丽的课桌_________________
(6)表示两人各自所有时,则两个专有名词都要用所有格形式,而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如:
王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸__________________________
露西的房间和莉莉的房间__________________________
2. 无生命的名词所有格
(1)无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示,如:
the leg of the table _____________ the cover of the book _____________
(2)表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有,如:
China’s future_____________ today’s newspaper_____________
十分钟的路程_____________ 两周的假期_____________
3. 双重所有格
双重所有格就是将of结构与’s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用,如:
a friend of Tom’s _____________ a friend of mine _____________
4. 表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词,如:
at John’s (home) _____________ at the doctor’s (office) _____________
at the barber’s (shop) _____________
趁热打铁
一 找出下列笑话中的可数名词,并写出其复数形式:
In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”
二 找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:
homework ______ half ______ advice______ money ______ knowledge ______
boot _____music ______ chicken ________ mouth ______bread _______
information ______milk _____cow _______ orange ________ water ________
三 选择填空:
1.The deer has four ______.
A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots
2.Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens
3.There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans
4.Two ______ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors
5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture?
A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse
6.The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch
7.The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
8.The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.
A. woman B. women C. man D. men
9.There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
10. The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
四 名词所有格练习:
1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.
2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
3. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.
4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.
5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?
6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).
7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .
8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).
10. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.
五 名词复数形式和数词的练习:
1. There are ___________________________(58个学生)in our class.
2. There are ___________________________(22个孩子) in the room.
3. I can see ____________________________(六杯茶) on the table.
4. There are ____________________________(44位女老师) in her school.
5. We can see __________________________________(18个妇女) over there.
6. ______________________________(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom?
7. I have ________________________________(3本字典).
8. Our school has _________________________________(2个图书馆) .
9. There are ___________________________________(12个月) in a year.
10. There are ______________________________(13辆公共汽车) on the street.