◆名词复习 ◆ 巩固训练 ◆阅读指导
名词的分类
名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
1.普通名词又可分为：
(1)个体名词。如：cup，desk，student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。
(2)集体名词。如：class，team，family等。一般可数，有单复数形式。
(3)物质名词。如：rice，water，cotton等。 一般不可数，没有单复数之分。
(4)抽象名词。如：love，work，life等。 一般不可数，没有单复数之分。
2.专有名词：如：China，Newton，London, Lu xun 等。
对名词部分的复习应注意：
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
I.专有名词：表示人，地点，国家，城市，机构等的名词。任何时候都需要大写首字母。
e.g. Karl Marx, Lu Xun, Thomas Edison, England, China, the Great Wall, Asia, the Yellow River, Monday, January, Shanghai, the Summer Palace, Class Seven, Grade Nine, Zhuyuan Middle School, Shanghai Grand Theatre, the People’s Park, Yu Garden, etc.
II. 普通名词：表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词：它又可分为：
1.个体名词：(可数） 表示个体的人或一些事物的总称。e.g.
pilot, student, engineer, inventor, pen, photo, computer, etc.
2. 集体名词(可数）表示一群人或一些事物的总称。
e.g. class, family, group, army, team, police, cattle, crew, grade, people, crowd，etc.
3. 物质名词： (不可数）表示无法分为个体的事物的名称。e.g.
wood, milk, butter, bread, tea, cotton, silk, coal, rice, oil, fire, air, paper, ink, chalk, meat, gold, dust, pollution, etc.
4. 抽象名词（不可数）： 表示动作，状态，品质，感情等的抽象概念。
e.g. health, love, progress, pleasure, courage, friendship, information, energy, strength, beauty, wealth, spirit, carelessness, illness, etc.
个体名词和集体名词可用数目来计算，属于可数名词； 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，属于不可数名词。
注意： 名词的分类并不是一成不变的。有些名词在一种场合下属于这一类，在另一种场合下又属于那一类，但意义又有所不同。e.g.
(1)物质名词 个体名词
paper 纸 papers 报纸，试卷，论文
glass 玻璃 a glass/ glasses 玻璃杯/眼镜
matter 物质 a matter 一件事
wood 木头 woods 小树林
fire火 a fire 一堆火，火灾
cloth 布 a cloth 桌布，麻布
chicken 鸡肉 a chicken 一只鸡
（2）抽象名词 个体名词
beauty 美丽 a beauty 美人
youth 青春 the youth 青年人
power 力， 电力 a power 大国
spirit 精神 a spirit 精灵妖精
tea 茶，茶叶 a famous tea 一种名茶
life 生活 lives 生命， 生活方式
difficulty 困难 a difficulty 一件难事
可数名词的特点：
a.有单复数之分
b. 能用a, an,
c. 数词来修饰
d. 复数名词作主语时， 谓语动词要用复数形式
e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of等词语修饰
III. 可数名词由单数变复数的基本构成规则：
1. 大多数名词是在词尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, months
2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 构成复数。
matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches，etc.
3. 以“o”结尾，有点加-es, 有的加-s
potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos
4. 辅音字母＋y结尾，去y，＋ies factories, countries, ladies, cities, batteries
元音字母＋y结尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days
plays, holidays, monkeys, keys
5. 以f, fe结尾，去f, fe, ＋ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf leaves, life lives，
wolf wolves wife wives half halves, thief thieves loaf loaves
handkerchief handkerchiefs, handkerchieves
注意：
roofs（屋顶）, chiefs（首领）, chefs（厨师长）, cliffs（悬崖）, proofs（证据）, gulfs（海湾）, serfs（农奴）, beliefs（信念）safes (保险箱） handcuffs, etc.
6. 复合名词变复数时，有 以下几种情况：
（1）如有主体名词则将主体名词变为复数：e.g.
two girl students, fellow workers, two sons-in-law女婿 three sisters-in-law 嫂子
lookers-on 旁观者 passers-by 过路人
（2）如找不到主体名词则在该词后加-s. 如：grown-ups 成年人 go-betweens 中间人
（3）man或woman 构成的复合名词，两部分都变为复数。e.g. women doctors, men teachers
7. 不规则变化
man men, woman women, policeman policemen, footfeet, tooth teeth, childchildren, mousemice, goose geese 鹅
sheepsheep, deerdeer, Chinese Chinese,
Japanese Japanese, Swiss Swiss ox oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans,
means means
8. 双复数规则: (a pair of) trousers, glasses, scissors, jeans, pants, shoes, gloves, socks, etc.
9. 形似单数，实为复数： people, police, cattle, crew
10. 以s结尾，但仍然是单数：
maths, politics, physics, news, the United States, the United Nations(联合国), the Philippines, “The Arabian Nights” 《天方夜谭》,“Tales of the Two Cities” 《双城记》is a good novel.
11. 以s结尾，单、复数同形： means 方法 works 工厂
IV. 可与a, an 连用的不可数名词：当抽象名词演化成抽象概念，转化为某种似乎可以体念得到的行为、动作或类别时，可和a, an连用。e.g.
have a good time, make an apology, have a talk (walk, swim, bath), in a hurry, make a noise, make a living, come to a stop, take a look, get a rise, ask a favour of sb. have a fever, have a good laugh over, take on a new look, live a happy life, catch (a) cold, have a rest, have a break
V. 名词的数量表达：
1.可数名词的数量表达：
many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 数词,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of…
dozens of, scores of…
2. 不可数名词的数量表达：
much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of…
VI. 关于名词数的注意点：
1.名词作定语通常用单数形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag
但也有用复数的：
sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room,
talks table, the foreign languages department
2. 复数名词前有一具体数词，一般被视为一个整体，作主语时，谓语用单数：
e.g.
These four years is very important for us.
I want to stay here for another three days. I go to see my granny every three weeks.
3. 有些名词在某些习惯性用法中，要用复数形式：
shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change seats
VII. 名词的性：
英语中的名词，多数是没有“性”区别的，但少数名词有阳性和阴性之分。
man--- woman, girl—boy, king --- queen emperor（皇帝）---empress（皇后）
hero (男英雄） heroine (女英雄） cock ---hen god(神）--goddess（女神）
bull （公牛）--cow(母牛） actor ---actress (女演员）he-wolf公狼, she-wolf 母狼 tiger, tigress 母老虎 lad 少年 lass 少女 man teacher, boyfriend， Frenchman, Frenchwoman
VIII. 名词所有格
1．有生命的＋’s
Mary’s, father’s, the boy’s books, anybody else’s advice, each other’s mistakes,
2. 词尾是-s 或-es的复数名词，只加“’”
the teachers’ office, the workers’ tools，twenty minutes’ walk
3. 词尾没有-s的复数名词则加“‘s”来表示。 Children’s Day, Women’s Day, the people’s needs
4. ’s 也可用于时间，距离，天体，国名，地名
a two-hour ride, in two weeks’ time, today’s newspaper, two hours’ ride, twenty minutes’ walk
5.如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词的词尾加“’s”.
This is Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.
如果不共有，则两个名词后面都加“’s”. These are Bill’s and Tom’s bikes.
6. 名词所有格后面指地点（如表示店铺、人家时）的名词常常可以省略。
at the tailor’s (shop), at Mr Green’s (home) go to the doctor’s (clinic), to my uncle’s (house)
7. 非生命体的用of 短语表示所属关系：
a leg of the table, the door of the classroom
the windows of the house the biggest football game of the year
8.名词双重所有格: of + -’s 一起修饰前面的名词，称为双重所有格。
a friend of mine = one of my friends
a friend of my father’s = one of my father’s friends
a photo of Mr Crisp 一张Mr Crisp的照片
a photo of Mr Crisp’s 一张Mr Crisp所有照片中的一张照片
【中考真题】
1. Mr Chen was surprised to see the fast _______________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. (develop)
2. The New Year ______________ are so beautiful that everyone is looking forward to the party in the hall this afternoon. (decorate)
3.Feng Ai’s love and ____________ will always be remembered by her students and their parents in Yunnan. (kind)
4. The most famous _____________ park in the world is Disneyland. (amusing)
5. The bus ______ is responsible for the safety of his passengers. (drive)
6. More people are getting to know the _______________ of environmental protection. (important)
7. I received some Christmas ____________ from my pen pals. (card)
8. The young man works as a _____________ in a five- star hotel. (wait)
9. The three young girls work as __________________in a restaurant. (wait)
【巩固训练】英语语法名词专项习题
【友情提醒】 请同学们做题目时注意并划出句子中的“提示词语、提示句”
( ) 1. She was very happy. She _____________ in the test.
A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake
( ) 2. We need some more____________. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. tomatos
( ) 3. ________are________for cutting things.
A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using
( ) 4. What big__________ the tiger has!
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes
( ) 5. Please remember to give the horse some tree________.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
( ) 6 ---Can we have some _________? ---Yes, please.
A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear
( ) 7. On the table there are five__________________.
A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato
( ) 8. They got much __________ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories
( ) 9. He gave us_____________ on how to keep fit.
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice
( ) 10.---Would you like __________ tea?
----No, thanks. I have drunk two__________.
A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange
C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges
( )11. He is hungry. Give him _________ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread
C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( ) 12. I would like to have___________.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk
C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
( ) 13. Can you give me ___________?
A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea
( ) 14. Please give me _____________ paper.
A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of
( ) 15. John bought __________for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes
( ) 16. ----How many _________ have you got on your farm?
----I've got five.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken
( ) 17. Some ___________ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
( )18. In the picture there are many______ and two__________.
A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs
( )19. A group of____________ will visit our school tomorrow.
A. Englishman B. Australian C. Japanese D. American
( ) 20. This table is made of______________.
A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass
( ) 21. How many __________were there in the street when the accident happened?
A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples
( ) 22. There are sixty-seven____________ in our school.
A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
( ) 23. There are five ___________________in our factory.
A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers
( ) 24. These ____________ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.
A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor
( ) 25. The football under the bed is_____________.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's
C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's
( ) 26. Joan is___________________.
A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister
C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister
( )27. In a few________________ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year B. years' C. year's D. years
( ) 28. It's about ____________ walk from my house.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes
( ) 29. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about____________.
A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk
C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk
( ) 30. _________________ face to the south.
A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room
C. The room's windows D. The windows in room
( ) 31. Please take two___________.
A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park
C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park
( )32. June 1st is ______________ Day all over the world.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Children’s D. Childrens’
( )33. September 10th is ______________ Day in China, isn’t it?
A Teacher’s B Teachers’ C Teacher D Teacher of
( )34. They like Chinese _______________________.
A food and peoples B foods and people
C foods and people D food and people
( )35. The tall man with a big nose is ____________ teacher.
A Tom and Carl B Tom’s and Carl’s C Tom and Carl’s D Tom’s and Carl
( )36. Mr. Li often gives us _______________ by e-mail.
A. some good information B some good informations
C good informations D a good information
( )37. The little baby has two _________________ already.
A tooth B tooths C teeth D teeths
( )38. When autumn comes, _____________ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.
A leaf B leafs C leave D leaves
【提高题】
( )39. Mrs Jenny gave us _______________ on how to learn English well.
A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice
( )40. There are about twenty ______ in the room. They are having a party there.
A. people B. sheep C. worker
( )41. Look! There _______________ playing with the tourists on the grassland.
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
( )42. How many ____________ do you want? A kilo, please.
A. potato B. bananas C. bread D. milk
( )43. How many _____________ are there in the international village?
A. Chinese B. Russian C. American
( )44. Sheep ___________ white and milk _________ white, too.
A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is
( )45. I was so exited when I saw so many ___________ on the farm.
A. chicken B. sheep C. duck
( )46. British people eat ____________ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways.
A. potato B. potatoes C. beef D. chicken
( )47. The little boy made ______________________. He wanted to show them to us.
A. some special juice B. some delicious food
C. several model planes with paper D. a nice postcard
( )48. My mother bought some ________________ for my birthday party yesterday.
A. apple B. banana C. orange D. meats
( )49. I have read _____________ sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
( )50. So ____________ homework really makes the students feel tired.
A. much B. many C. little D. few
( )51. If you want to keep healthy, you’d better eat more vegetables and _________ meat.
A. few B. little C. less D. more
( )52. Would you like __________________? Thank you, but I’m not thirsty.
A. any sandwiches B. some bread C. any moon cakes D. some orange
( )53 ---Oh, there isn’t enough _________ for us in the lift. ---No hurry. Let’s wait for the next.
A. ground B. floor C. place D. room
( )54. People in America eat much ________________.
A. potatoes B. onions C. beef D. hamburgers
( )55. They got much ____________ on the Internet.
A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information
( )56 ---What can I do for you, sir? ---I’d like two ________________.
A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottles of oranges
( )57.We have bought two _____________ for the coming party.
A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple
( )58. Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in _____________.
A two days’ time B two-days time C two day’s time D two days time
( )59. ---Do you know the woman over there? ---Yes, she is _________________ aunt.
A Lily and Lucy B Lily’s and Lucy’s C Lily’s and Lucy D Lily and Lucy’s
( )60. Today is September 10th. It is _______________ Day.
A. Teachers Ｂ.Teachers’ C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s
( )61. Two bags are on the table. They are ________________.
A. the twins’ B. the twin’s C. twins D. twin’s
( )62. Those mountains will be covered with trees ________________.
A. in a few years’ time B. in a few year’s time C. in a few years time D. after a few years time
( )63 ---How long does it take to get to the station? ---It’s __________ walk.
A. six minute’s B. six-minutes C. six minutes’ D. six minutes
【完型填空】
Fast food is becoming more and more 1 in China, especially for children. At lunch time, it is very 2 to find seats in some fast food restaurants. 3 do so many people like to eat in fast food restaurants? There are several 4 for it. Firstly, fast food is very quick. You don’t need to wait .Secondly; fast food restaurants also have a very good environment. At last, the fast food always tastes 5 , but it isn’t healthy. So I think people should stop 6 too much fast food. Though home cooking takes a lot of 7 , we can have healthy and delicious 8 .To be healthy, we should eat 9 fast food. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a 10 .
( )1. A. interesting B. boring C. popular D. difficult
( )2. A. helpful B. careful C. popular D. difficult
( )3. A. Why B. When C. What D. Where
( )4. A. things B. reasons C. dishes D. meat
( )5. A. smelly B. salty C. delicious D. hot
( )6. A. drinking B. eating C. buying D. cooking
( )7. A. time B. rice C. water D. electricity
( )8. A. meat B. meals C. vegetables D. rice
( )9. A. more B. less C. fewer D. faster
( )10. A. rest B. hurry C. mess D. house
【美文欣赏】 Being an actor
1. What is it like being an actor? Many people think it must be wonderful b 1 we travel to exciting places, wear beautiful clothes and make a lot of money. This is only one aspect of our lives though. We also work very hard.
I played a country girl in my last film. I had to live in a small village with the other actors for part of the winter. It was r 2 hard for me as I grew up in a city. To help me play a country girl better, I cooked for myself and the others every day. I even walked a few miles sometimes to get water, as there was none in the houses. I wanted to u 3 how a real village girl lived. I thought it was fun at first. I felt different after a week or two, though.
I did wear some beautiful traditional c 4 , but they were not thick enough. I was very cold but I had to keep smiling all the time! One day, I couldn’t do it any l 5 and I suddenly started crying. “Great!” said the director. “I like it. She is crying with true feelings!” I called my mum to tell her about it but my mobile phone wouldn’t work in the village.
I think it is worth doing all this, though. I like it when people tell me they enjoy my plays and a 6 me to sign a picture. It is also fun to be someone else for a while. I’m very lucky to be an actor.
1.b______ 2. r_______3. u______4. c _________5. l_________6. a__________
2. Fill in each blank with a proper word:
A hobby is an interesting way of spending your free t 1 . There are so many different hobbies for different people to select. Some hobbies are very p 2 , while others are quite unusual. You many choose one for yourself that interests you most. You may enjoy collecting things, such as s 3 , foreign coins and so on. If you like to work with your hands, you may enjoy paper cutting and model making which both require great concentration and a 4 . Or you may enjoy creative hobbies, like painting and clay modeling. Many people prefer a 5 outdoor games., such as sailing, cycling and so on, which they can enjoy with o 6 . Wherever you live, there is always a hobby for you to c 7 . The hobby will give you many hours of pleasure and make your free time i 8 and creative.
1. t_______________2. p________________3. s______________4. a_______________
5. a_____________ 6. o________________7. c______________ 8.______________
3. Almost everyone in the world uses oils（石油）in some w 1 . Without oil, the world will stop, so men l 2 for it everywhere. Quite often they find n 3 , but the search（寻找）for oil always goes on. Oil is very i 4 because none of our machines can run without it. Cars and m 5 need oil, but so do many other things. How many things can you name?
1. w__________2. l_____________3. n_____________4. i________________5. m____________
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