主语:动作发出者
谓语:主语发出的动作
宾语:动作的承受者
补语:补充说明主语或宾语
状语:表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、程度、比较和伴随成分
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: 主+谓
基本句型二: 主+系+表
基本句型三: 主+谓+宾
基本句型四: 主+谓+间宾+直宾
基本句型五: 主+谓+宾+宾补
基本句型一: 主+谓 S+V
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
1. Time flies.
2. The moon rose.
3. The man cooked.
4. We all eat, and drink.
5. Everybody laughed.
6. I woke.
7. They talked for half an hour.
8. He walked yesterday.
基本句型二: 主+系+表 S+V系动词+P
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况; get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。
be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand
1.This is an English dictionary.
2.The dinner smells good.
3.He fell happy.
4.Everything looks different.
5.He is tall and strong.
6.The book is interesting.
7.The weather became warmer.
8.His face turned red.
基本句型三: 主+谓+宾 S+V实义动词+O
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
1.Who knows the answer.
2.She laugh at her.
3.He understands English.
4.He made cakes.
5.They ate some apples.
6.Danny likes donuts.
7.I want to have a cup of tea.
8.He said “Good morning”.
基本句型四: 主+谓+间宾+直宾
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
常带双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词(分为A、B两类)
| A:动词后加to give 给 show给……看 send寄,打电报 bring带…… read读…… pass递给…… lend借给…… leave留给…… hand交给…… tell告诉…… return把……还给… write给……写信 throw扔…… promise答应…… refuse 拒绝 | B:动词后加for make生产,制造…… buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌 pay为……交钱 |
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
1.We keep the table clean.
2.They painted the door green.
3.They call supper dinner.
4.They found the house dirty.
5.What makes him sad.
6.We saw him out.
7.He asked me to come back soon.
8.I saw them getting on the bus.
练习:7.He kept me a dictionary.
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
8.Shall I leave you the camera?
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
9. We find the book very interesting.
主+谓+宾+宾补
10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.
主+谓+间接宾语+直宾
11.Singing makes me happy.
主+谓+宾+宾补
12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .
主+谓+宾+宾补
13.You must listen to her.
主+谓+宾
14.He is a scientist.
主+系+表
1.They work hard.
2.The flower is dead.
3.Plants need water.
4.He gives me some seeds.
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
6.Many animals live in trees.
7.He kept me a dictionary.
8.Shall I leave you the camera?
9. We find the book very interesting.
10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.
11.Singing makes me happy.
12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .
13.You must listen to her.
14.He is a scientist. 下载本文