情态动词must, can/could/may/might 可以用来表示对事情进行推测。
(一)情态动词对现在事情进行推测--------情态动词+ 动词原形(do)
1.must
用于肯定句中,表很有把握的肯定推测,译为“。。一定。”
Eg: It’s already 12:30.You must be hungry now.(你一定饿了.)
The light is still on. He must be working in the office now.(他一定在办公室工作)
2.can
用于否定句或疑问句中,很有把握的否定推测,译为“….不可能…”/….可能…..”
Eg: Jack can’t be a policeman, for he’s much too short.(不可能是个)
Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
(他怎么可能会不准时参加开幕式呢?)
3 may /might 用于肯定句中,语气不很肯定,译为“。。可能。”
Eg: He may be in the classroom. I’ll go and make sure.
---Are you come to the party? ---- I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead.
(二)情态动词对过去事情的推测.---- 情态动词+ have done。
1 must have done-----一定做过。。
2 can’t/couldn’t have done -----一定没做过。。
3 might /could have done -----可能做过。。
Eg: I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.(我一定是睡着了.)
Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephone me.( Jack不可能已经到了)
Sorry I’m late . I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone to sleep again.
(可能把闹钟关闭后又睡着了)
注意:must have done 结构中反意疑问句的用法.
---- 句中有表过去时间的词,反意问句部分用过去时;句中无表过去时间的词,反意问句部分用完成时。
1 The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they?
2 They must have been very tired last week, weren’t they ?
3 The minister must have arrived in Shanghai , hasn’t he?
(三)情态动词表责备语气
1 should /ought to have done ------本应该…而没做了(表强烈的责备或遗憾的语气)
We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.
I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.
2 could /might have done---本可以做…而没做
(责备或遗憾的语气比should /ought to have done 弱)
He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
3 needn’t have done------本不应该做。而做了
There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried.下载本文