Submitted by:Wang xinyan
Advisor:Deng Xiao fang
A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of B.A.in English
2008-3years English education School of
Foreign languages Southwest University
Chongqing city, P.R.C April 3, 2010
Advisor_______________ Date______________
Score_________________
Remarks:
[Abstract]
English is more and more popular and important as an international language. People begin to pay more attention to it. Therefore, it is very necessary for everyone to grasp it. However, most of learners will meet the same problem in English study: Although they spend a lot of time and energy in learning English, they do not get a great progress. As a matter of fact,,if they pay more attention to English reading and mater some methods and have the ability of reading. They will make a great progress in a quite short time. So this paper will focus on the importance of English reading for English learners and make a discussion.
[Key words]
English reading English learners Importance
[摘要]
英语作为一门国际语言,越来越受到人们的重视,也起着越来越重要的作用。所以,掌握英语是必须的,但是,在英语学习中,很多人都会遇到同样的问题,学习者投入了大量的时间和精力但未取得很大的进步!实际上,只要学习者重视了英语阅读,并对阅读的一些方法和技巧加以重视,就会在很短的时间内取得很大的进步。在本文中,将聚集于阅读对英语学习者的重要性来展开讨论。
[关键词]
英语阅读 英语学习者 重要性
[ Outline ]
1. Introduction …………………………………………………………… 6
1.1. What’s English reading? …………………………………………………8
1.2. The importance and status of English reading …………………… ……9
2. The importance of reading ………………………………………………9
2.1. There is a great relationship with other aspects of English
Learning for English learners …………………………………… 10
2.1.1 Enlarging vocabulary by reading …………………………………… 10
2.1.2. Enhancing the language sense by reading ………………………… 10
2.1.3 Reading can broaden English learners’ range of knowledge ………… 11
2.1.4. Enriching learners’ lives and cultivating their positive attitudes
towards their lives…………………………………………………… 11
2.2. Helping English learners improve their English levels by reading ………… 12
2.3 The status of reading English reading takes up a great part in different exams ……………………………………………………………………12
3. The effective ways to improve students' reading ………………………13
3.1. Skimming ……………………………………………………………………14
3.2. Scanning ……………………………………………………………… 14
3.3 Set aside a regular time to read to students every day…………………… 15
3. 4 Surround students with reading material……………………………… 15
3.5 Have a school reading time……………………………………………… 15
3.6 Encourage a wide variety of reading activities……………………………16
3. 7 Develop the library habit……………………………………………… 16
3.8 Be knowledgeable about students progress ………………………… 16
3.9 Look for reading problems ………………………………………… 16
3.10 Get help promptly for reading problems ………………………… 17
3.11 Use a variety of aids to help students ………………………………17
3.12 Show enthusiasm for the students’ reading.………………………… 17
4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 17
5. Notes………………………………………………………………… 18
6. Reference …………………………………………………………… 20
1. Introduction
As everyone knows, English study process includes reading、speaking、listening and writing at the same time, but also has the stress process. And the most important thing is to breakthrough one by one, but taking reading as a sally point then breaking it one by one is the effective method. Reading is very important for an English learner’s life, work and study. Reading is a complex process; meanwhile, the comprehension is the same. With the appearance of writing, reading comes into being. What is more, reading begins with the acquisition of visual symbols through eyes’ activity; next, with the understanding of writing symbols, readers resonate with writers, or doubt what they read, or get quite a little information; and even, reading ends with the pure acquisition of the psychological process of mental happiness. At first, it is believed that reading is the process: the identification of phones, the pronunciation of words, phrases, sentences and last, the whole text. Actually, the above is the superficial phenomenon, and what readers read is the first stage of reading, that is, the physiological course through the coordinated action of eyes, mouth and tongue. Later, some psychologists find that reading is decoding and identifying. A famous linguist, Christine Nuttall (2002), thought that writers encode what is in their heads; form texts and then readers decode the texts to gain information. In other words, it is decoding.
According to Durkin(1993), he defines reading comprehension as: “…international thinking during which meaning is constructed through interactions between texts and readers.” In light of Harris and Hodge(1995), reading comprehension is the construction of the meaning of a written text through a reciprocal interchange of ideas between the readers and the message in a particular text.
From all the above , the essence of reading is comprehension, which resides in the intentional, problem-solving, thinking processes of the reader which occur during an interchange with a text. The content of comprehension is influenced by the text and by the readers’ prior knowledge and an experience. Without comprehension, no matter how fluently students read aloud with natural pronunciation and intonation, it is not reading; without comprehension, we cannot say this reading.
English teaching divides into two aspects: spoken English and written English. However, written English plays a greater role in secondary English teaching. In light of the recent college entrance examinations, reading comprehension accounts for 40 points of the full mark of 150 points. Secondly, according to the quantity, it increases from four pieces to five. What is more, what is most time-consuming and quite flexible is the part of reading comprehension. Fourthly, questions are so complicated that readers cannot find the answers just from texts, but from the spiritual essence. Next, for the purpose of gaining kinds of knowledge, reading is an important linguistic communicative activity. Due to English Course Standard, reading, as an indispensable ability, is paid attention to, to make studies of students’ reading approaches or strategies, to develop their independence in obtaining information, to enlarge linguistic input, to strengthen an instinctive feel for the language and at last, in order to understand the English-speaking culture. With these backgrounds, reading gives us a hand to analyze and solve problems. Above all, care should be taken to emphasize reading. Here is some evidence from following several points:
1.1. What’s English reading?
Generally speaking, “Reading is an active process during which the reader tries to understand the meaning of a given text for learning and getting information, which means that English reading can help you extend your general knowledge of the world.”① But what is English reading? “English reading has always been considered one of the most important parts of foreign language learning. Without reading, nothing can be done in the development of the competence in listening、speaking 、writing and translating. Which success in every other academic area is based.”② English reading is not just the ability to recognize words、articulate words and pronounce words. English reading is a communication with different authors. It’s a benefit weapon to rich your brain. Also English reading is the key to strive for success in English learning.
1.2. The importance and status of English reading
2. The importance of reading
Einstein has stated “Reading is the most complex task that man has never devised for himself.” No longer can reading be considered the mere pronunciation of words, nor even the simple understanding of the meaning of the words. To function effectively in our complex society,the read must be able to appreciate to implications of the meanings gained from the printed word. With the tremendous variety of knowledge that is being discovered and accumulated, we are literally “burning up” reading skills faster than we can develop them . Each body of knowledge has its own kind of vocabulary, its different organizational thought patterns, and its specialized reading devices, such as maps, graphs, and chats. It would appear preposterous to assume that an eleven-year-old child could develop all the reading skills necessary to assimilate the vast amount of knowledge taught at the high school.
“Reading in English, as the most frequently used way for non-native speaker to get access to original English material, plays a crucial role in learner’s English study. It facilitates learner’s expansion of lexical items, enhancement of grammar, accumulation of the knowledge about English speaking, countries’ society and culture and therefore help the development of other three language skills.”③ English reading is the foundation of English learning. It’s a preparation for speaking 、listening and writing. Please check the following points:
1. 1. There is a great relationship with other aspects of English learning for English learners.
2.1.1. Enlarging vocabulary by reading
There is no any impression by seeing once for a new word. However, if it comes up twice or three times or even more and then with combining the meaning of sentence, we might remember it very quickly .Of course .when we meet this word in fifth or sixth times, we can know its meaning, pronunciation without thinking. For example, when we meet a new word in reading, we don’t know its meaning, but we have a little impression when next time it reappears in listening course. After doing the listening homework, we see the word in reading、listening、writing again and again. Thus we have a stronger impression of the meaning each time. Soon, the new word will be familiar and its meaning becomes clear. Thereby English learners can enlarge their vocabulary by reading.
2.1.2. Enhancing the language sense by reading
The language sense is extremely important to study a foreign language, especially non-native speaker. Because the “language sense is deciding the language what you said it takes the form or is an excellent likeness”④. So English learners should take more time to read. While reading, learners will meet the different language situation. Hence, they can get more practice and study from different reading materials. Just reading makes English learners find a real “atmosphere of language”.
2.1.3. Reading can broaden English learners’ range of knowledge
Learners can get different gains by reading various essays. For example, English learners will get to know the system of society、cultural features and different customs and so on in different countries by reading. These help them get more knowledge and make their lives more colorful .In addition to learners will understand something about astronomy geography and horoscope (aspect astrology) through reading the science articles. Thus, not only does reading extend learners’ fields of knowledge but also makes their knowledge useful, which relates to the short passage of examinations.
2.1.4. Enriching learners’ lives and cultivating their positive attitudes towards their lives
Learners will understand many scientists’ stories of growing-up and the funny lives by reading some humorous and funny stories. Thereby, learners have good rules of their habits and study way for them. For example, when we are reading this text-book that “An Appreciation of English and American Literature”, we know something about character life and study way or the attitude of life from Mark Twain and Franklin’s writing.
2.2. Helping English learners improve their English levels by reading
Most of the domestic and external experts have the same idea that reading can help learners improve their English level “Famous Linguist Krasken pointed out (19): The gain of vocabulary and spelling main comes from reading. Also Harmer pointed out (2000): Good articles supply an example for English learners, and improve their writing ability, also offers an opportunity to study grammar、 words and sentences’ structure. Wuguhua (Professor of QingHua University) said: Reading is the basic way to improve the learners’ spoken English. Because plenty of reading influenced on an English learner’s English level more or less.”⑤
From their opinions, it can be easily proved that reading has an extremely important role in improving the learners’ English level.
2.3. The status of reading English reading takes up a great part in different exams
The percentage of English reading is increasing gradually in different exams. For most of learners, the main purpose in learning English is to read-to get information. In the past, reading was though to be the main or even the only purpose for learning English. Now this is not necessary the case, it should be more. So reading still takes the greater part of in different examinations.
For example: “Reading comprehension has taken a percentage up to 40% in some of national level exams, such as CET4, CET6, Postgraduate entrance exam, MPA、MBA etc. Another show is: Reading takes up 1/3 in some overseas exam like TOEFT and GRE.”⑥
“According to the purpose and requirement of the English teaching rules by the middle school’s teaching outline. We can see it clearly that the goal of teaching focuses on reading. From the common exam and college entrance examination, the most difficult part is reading, and the part which has the highest point and quantity is the reading, too”.⑦
Thereby, English reading reflects learners’ English level and the ability of using language. It has an important position in exams.
3.The effective ways to improve students' reading
Extensive reading is different from intensive reading. Intensive reading is to understand the content completely and make notes of the new words and phrases and good sentences. But extensive reading is to train the ability of scanning, skipping and reading fast, namely, the ability to catch the key words, the topic sentences and the drift of the articles. There are two ways of English extensive reading for English learners. It can help learners read more quickly and decide if the English text is interesting and whether the reader should read it in more details.
3.1 Skimming
Skimming is reading a text quickly to get a general idea of meaning. It requires that readers selectively omit some parts of the reading materials. Skimming often is confused with scanning “Remember that skimming is in order to find specific information.” e. g: figures or names.
For example: “A learner taking a reading exam decides to approach text by looking at the title, introductions and any diagrams and sub-headings, then skin reading to get a clear general idea of what the text is about. Skimming is very important that learners understand that there is no need to read word for word when reading.”⑧
3.2 Scanning
Scanning is used to obtain specific information from a piece of English text. Through scanning, learners can get a good idea about the material by taking a few moments right off to read the title, chapter headings, section titles and headlines. The purpose of scanning is to get a quick understanding of what to expect from the reading, so that learners will know what they are reading as they go along.
For example: “maps, charts and pictures are clues that will help the learner cue in on the content and organization of the material. This simple technique of scanning can help the learners read for ideas because they will know where they are going to when they begin to read.”⑨
This is only the individual opinion. Of course, most of learners may use both of them. They can skim a piece of English text to find out something interesting and may wish to use scanning techniques to locate specific information. Maybe the best way is to learn English. However, the purpose is to learn English well. Wish every learner enjoyed reading.
3.3 Set aside a regular time to read to students every day.
Studies show that regularly reading out loud to the students will produce significant gains in reading comprehension, vocabulary, and the decoding of words. Whether the students are preschoolers or preteens, it will increase their desire to read independently.
3. 4 Surround students with reading material.
The students with a large array of reading materials in school score higher on standardized tests. Tempt the students to read by having a large supply of appealing books and magazines at their reading level. Put the reading materials in every place that they often get to, and even ask them watch English program on the TV.
3.5 Have a school reading time.
Establish a daily 15 to 30 minute time when the students in the school reads together silently. Seeing teachers read will inspire the students to read. Just 15 minutes of daily practice is sufficient to increase their reading fluency.
3.6 Encourage a wide variety of reading activities.
Make reading an integral part of the students’ lives. Have them to read menus, roadside signs, game directions, weather reports, movie time listings, and other practical everyday information. Also, make sure they always have something to read in their spare time when they could be waiting for appointments or riding in a car.
3. 7 Develop the library habit.
Entice the students to read more by taking them to the library every few weeks to get new reading materials. The library also offers reading programs for the students of all ages that may appeal to the students and further increase their interest in reading.
3.8 Be knowledgeable about students progress.
Find out what reading skills they are expected to have at each grade level. The school's curriculum will give them this information. Track their progress in acquiring basic reading skills on report cards and standardized tests.
3.9 Look for reading problems.
Teachers do not always detect the students reading problems until they've become serious. So try to find out if they can sound out words, know sight words, use context to identify unknown words, and clearly understand what they read.
3.10 Get help promptly for reading problems.
Reading problems do not magically disappear with time. The earlier the students receive help, the more likely they will become good readers. Make sure the students receive necessary help from other teachers, tutors, or learning centers as soon as you discover a problem.
3.11 Use a variety of aids to help students.
To help the students improve their reading, use textbooks, computer programs, books-on-tape, and other materials available in stores. Games are especially good choices because they let the students have fun as they work on their skills.
3.12 Show enthusiasm for the students’ reading.
Teachers’ reaction has a great influence on how hard they will try to become good readers. Be sure to give them genuine praise for their efforts.
4. Conclusion
From the concerned of this article It can be easily proved that: Reading is the best way to accumulate the language sense, and it is the direct way to study and engage the words、 phrases、syntax、grammar、author’s thoughts etc.
Just the famous English philosopher Francis Bacon said: “Reading makes a perfect man. Reading books can strongly shape you inclination、mature your thoughts、 widen your horizon and enrich your personality. Life is limited, but knowledge is boundless. The more books we read, the more knowledge we get.”⑩ Really reading books makes someone more clever and makes us know more and more. To make a long story short, reading makes English learners get a better way to learn English and makes them achieve two things at one stroke.
Obviously, English learners should pay a great attention to the importance of English reading. Remember that reading makes a perfect man.
5. Notes
① “Reading is an active process during which the reader tries to understand the meaning of a given text for learning and getting information, which means that English reading can help you extend your general knowledge of the world.”
②“English reading has always been considered one of the most important parts of foreign language learning. Without reading, nothing can be done in the development of the competence in listening、speaking 、writing and translating. Which success in every other academic area is based.”
③ “Reading in English, as the most frequently used way for non-native speaker to get access to original English material, plays a crucial role in learner’s English study. It facilitates learner’s expansion of lexical items, enhancement of grammar, accumulation of the knowledge about English speaking, countries’ society and culture and therefore help the development of other three language skills.”
④ “Language sense is deciding the language what you said it takes the form or is an excellent likeness.”
⑤ Wuguhua (Professor of QingHua University) said: Reading is the basic way to improve the learners’ spoken English. Because plenty of reading influenced on an English learner’s English level more or less.”
⑥ Another show is: Reading takes up 1/3 in some overseas exam like TOEFT and GRE.”
⑦ “According to the purpose and requirement of the English teaching rules by the middle school’s teaching outline. We can see it clearly that the goal of teaching focuses on reading. From the common exam and college entrance examination, the most difficult part is reading, and the part which has the highest point and quantity is the reading, too”.
⑧ “A learner taking a reading exam decides to approach text by looking at the title, introductions and any diagrams and sub-headings, then skin reading to get a clear general idea of what the text is about. Skimming is very important that learners understand that there is no need to read word for word when reading.”
⑨ “maps, charts and pictures are clues that will help the learner cue in on the content and organization of the material. This simple technique of scanning can help the learners read for ideas because they will know where they are going to when they begin to read.”
⑩ Just the famous English philosopher Francis Bacon said: “Reading makes a perfect man. Reading books can strongly shape you inclination、mature your thoughts、 widen your horizon and enrich your personality. Life is limited, but knowledge is boundless. The more books we read, the more knowledge we get.”
6. Reference
6.1 Primary and Middle School English Teaching & Research Notes (2005)
6.2 TAPESTRY-writing Chapter 4
6.3 陈立华:“高中英语泛读教学初探”,《中小学英语教学与研究》,2002年第4期
6.4 李艳:“浅谈中学开设泛读课程”,《中学学英语教学与研究》2002年第1期
6.5 “浅谈中学开设泛读课程”,《中学英语教学与研究》,2002年第一期
6.6 <<普通英语教学与研究>>,2002年第二期
6.7 “浅谈中学开设泛读课程”,《中学英语教学与研究》,2002年第一期
6.8 http://www.szeblog.cn/user1/4026/archives/2006/25492.html
6.9 http://happyc14.blogchina.com/blog/750388.html
6.10 http://www.szdmz.com/study/study_5211.html
6.11 http://www.pianyiba.com/product/546144下载本文