理论知识的重要性
理论知识为未来的的事业发展打好基础。
Theoretical knowledge lays a solid foundation for career development in future.
理论知识有助于提高思考问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Theoretical knowledge promotes critical thinking skills, analytical skills and problem-solving skills of students.
终生接受教育的原因
媒体和信息科技的发展提供了更多接受教育的机会。
Media and information technologies make different learning opportunities available.
人们为了能在激烈的竞争中求得生存需要不断地再教育。
People should continue education in order to survive the fierce competition.
教育的观念有所改变，所以学生已经不在一个特定的年龄段了。
The education concept is in transition, so students can't be limited / confined to a particular /certain age group.
按能力分组教育的好处和坏处（DG）
（1）好处
老师可以调整教学材料和教学方法适应学生的接受能力。
Teachers can adjust the material and method of instruction to suit a student's capability / aptitude.
（2）坏处
按能力分组教育是对成绩差的学生的一种歧视，因此养成对学业的不积极的态度。
Ability grouping is a kind of discrimination for students of low (test / score) / poor academic performance, so they develop negative attitudes towards school.
按能力分组教育拉大优秀学生和落后学生的差距。
The gap between the poor and high achievers is widened by ability grouping.
学生评价老师
1. Drawbacks:
(1)学生还不够成熟，他们往往从自身的经验和利益出发来评价老师，因此unable to evaluate teachers’ performance in a sound way。可能会出现要求严格的老师不受欢迎的情况。
(2)学生评价老师也会对老师产生不好的影响，老师为了cater for the needs of children and get a high evaluation, 从而放松对学生的要求，而且对教学内容和教学效果也会有影响
2. Advantages:
(1)对学生来说，评价老师有利于培养学生think independently. 应该鼓励学生challenge 老师，这样他们不但学到知识，而且具有innovative思维，敢于超越老师。
(2)对老师来说，获得feedback 也是提高自己教学能力和教学效果的有效途径，也有利于培养老师的竞争意识，不断学习，不断完善自己来满足学生的学习要求。
(3)学生交了学费，就是customer,老师提供教学服务，从这点上说，学生也有权评价老师。
大学是否应该根据就业教授学生知识，大学的主要功能是什么
平衡写：
1. 认为应该提供实际知识的：
(1)大学生毕业就要找工作，因此要培养学生掌握future job的技能
(2)有人甚至声称理论没用，不是每个大学生都要做科学家
2. 反对方
(1) It will definitely be shortsighted to…目光短浅理论知识非常重要，理论指导实践，大学的职责不仅是教会学生一门技术，更重要的是教授一种方法
(2) 不学理论只学实际知识，会使学生变成utilitarian, narrow-minded, lack of imagination，如果学生要学的只是生存的技能，那就去vocational school
3. 总之，我认为大学的功能是versatile的，促进学生all-around development,培养学生具有creative mind in some special field,而不只是教授该领域的实际知识，可以通过一些part-time job来获得。
Tele-education
For:
1.Improve the flexibility of learning in terms of space, time, choice of content or teaching resources.
2.Open up vocational options for people who, for a variety of reasons, are unable to attend conventional training centers.
3.Very economical and save social resources because the administration is almost computerized.
Against:
1.Face-to-face contact can not be replaced. In traditional classroom, students and teachers can communicate directly and freely.
2.It may lead to some side-effects such as psychological problem like isolation, selfishness, self-centeredness, stubbornness.
3.Students receiving tele-education tend to be socially unadaptable, lacking the necessary interpersonal skills.
4.Students fail to cultivate teamwork spirit, cooperation and competition.
5.In traditional classroom, by discussing with the classmates and exchanging ideas with the teacher, students learn how to share the ideas or methods with each other and how to cooperate with each other to seek a better solution.
Unpaid Community Works
Some people believe that unpaid community works (eg. working in a charity organization; teaching sports to children) should become a compulsory part of high school curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Pros:
• I. It is a good way to cultivate some special qualities and essential for students’ growing.
• II. This activity can enrich students’ school life and make it more colorful.
• III. Unpaid community works could improve the students’ social skills to adapt to the changing world well.
• IV. It can cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility.
• V. It may cultivate the spirit of devotion.
Cons:
• I. When working more, problems such as a high stress level, illness and poor grades may afflict students.
• II. The works may cost lots of time which should be used to learn knowledge and techniques.
• III. The main function of high school is to teach students knowledge and skills. It’s not proper to force students to do unpaid community works as compulsory courses.
赞同或者反对年轻人做义工的观点（AD）
（1）赞同
义工有助于获得社会经验
Volunteer work can help to acquire / gain / accumulate working experience.
（2）反对
如果义工是强制性的，那么有可能会影响年轻人的积极性。
If unpaid community work is mandatory, it will affect / dampen motivation / enthusiasm of young people.
家庭教育类
Caring children has become a more and more important job in many societies, so there is someone arguing that the parents should be required to take the training children courses, to what extend do you agree or disagree？
正方段：
some parents should take some courses to compensate their shortcomings in educating children: 弥补家长在孩子教育中的不足：
1.what: they could learn a great deal of necessary knowledge in children education, such as health care, literature, history, geography, and so on.家长能够学习一些与孩子教育相关的基本知识，比如医疗、文化、历史、地理等。
2. How: By attending training children courses, parents would grasp a few educating skills to be a good teacher and a friend to their children.让家长学习一些关于如何更好的教育孩子的技巧。
反方段：
it will bring some negative influences simultaneously.这也会带来一些负面影响。
Young people are often influenced in their behaviors and situations by others in the same age. This is called “peer pressure". Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages? (教育类)
提示，定义法开头: Young people often feel the pressure from those of the same age around them. For example, youngsters may learn to smoke if they are surrounded by young smokers even though they are not aware why they smoke. This practice is defined as peer pressure, which is not uncommon among the youth. As for advantages and disadvantages caused by this phenomenon, it should be view from wider perspectives.
Body 1: negative effects. 1. Peer pressure tends to encourage young people to imitate / copy what others do regardless of whether it is right or wrong. For example, cutting classed is not a rare thing in today’s universities in china. Many people attribute this phenomenon to some factors such as boring classes and lack of supervision. However, as for many students, they just play truant because their peers do so. 2. On the other hand, peer pressure may cause some serious consequences such as committing crimes. Young people tend to be immature and cannot make unbiased judgment about social conventions and laws. Under the influence of their friends or fellow students, they may learn some violent behaviors and even embark on the crime road. 3. Peer pressure may cause some psychological impacts on children. If a teenager fails to conform to the hidden rules of peer pressure, they may be isolated from the others, which may hurt them psychologically.
Body 2: positive effects. On the other hand, peer pressure, if put in an appropriate surrounding, may have some positive effects. For example, if a child is put in an environment where his friends and fellow students devote themselves to study, he or she may feel pressured to engage in study arduously too. What’s more, peer pressure may enable young people to be full of ambition. Specifically, when a young person see people around him or her make great progress in study, music or sport, instinctive motivation may spur him or her to move forward and compete with his or her utmost to achieve the same target.
Considering advantages and disadvantages, it seems hard to define peer pressure as positive or negative. However, after analyzing numerous social cases, we may find that young people exposed to peer pressure tend to be influenced negatively. Therefore, in answering the question of the topic, we may say its disadvantages outweigh advantages.
2006 / 10 / 14
Some people think the main purpose of schools is to turn the children into good citizens and workers, rather than to benefit them as individuals.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? （freedom, democracy）
1. In my view the two are not mutually exclusive. It is by helping children develop their own mores and principles, as well as instilling in them knowledge needed for good employees, that teachers best prepare children for the future life.
2. One of the aims of education is to make young people good civilians. Ours is a world of freedom and democracy, the rights and needs of the individual should be put on the top of governments’ list. But we should always bear in mind that the feeling of euphoria of a person is firmly depended on the stability and harmony of the society.
3. Another equally important purpose of education is to benefit people as individuals. Nothing else than individual ownership can be more effective for a man to exert his or her inner power.
4. In order for the far ranging benefits of education to be achieved by individuals and countries, educators must emphasize the significance of education for the society as a whole, as well as for a person as the individual.
电脑(互联网)是否会取代老师(学校)，在哪些方面老师重要，哪些方面电脑重要
1. 先承认电脑教学的好处
(1)study in any convenient time and location at a personal speed and intensity
(2)提供的信息量大
2. 不可能替换，因为其缺点1：little social contact, lack of interactivity, 在学习中遇到困难得不到老师的指导
3. 不可替换2：学生不成熟，控制不了自己
电脑的好处：CAI(Computer Aided Introduction) multimedia technology
可以用于自动化考试系统online test system
教师：现代教育技术受制于学习软件，好的学习软件需要老师的参与开发
教学生如何学习，分析问题，解决问题
在智力教育方面，计算机可能部分的替代或者辅助老师，但是道德教育，价值观的培养离不开老师和学校。
社会问题
支持和反对提高油价的原因（AD）
（1）支持
提高油价鼓励人们更多的使用公共交通从而降低燃料的消耗
Increasing/promotion of petrol prices can encourage people to use more public transportation so that it reduces consumption of fuel
提高油价增加制造商其他新能源的汽车的发展
Increasing petrol prices can improve the manufacturers' development of vehicles that are powered by other forms of energy
（2）反对
提高油价不能阻止汽车的使用，汽车是大部分国家必要的运输手段
Increasing petrol prices can't prevent use of vehicles which is the necessary means of transport in most countries
提高油价可能导致燃料市场的混乱
It may result in chaos/disorder/mess in fuel market because of increasing petrol prices
环境问题由许多因素造成，所以只是减少燃料的使用不能彻底地解决环境问题
Environmental issues are caused by a vast number of factors, so just decreasing fuel use can't address environmental problems completely/efficiently
减少道路事故和伤亡的方法（AD）
Severe punishments help to improve the sense / awareness of road safety and reduce / decrease the likelihood of road traffic accidents.
应该提供高效的和便宜的公共交通服务。
Government should supply / provide efficient and affordable public transport services.
应该颁布法律去提高驾驶年龄和驾驶考试的标准。
Government should draft laws to raise the driving age and standards of driving test.
老龄化带来的正负面影响（LB）
（1）正面
老龄化促进了医疗的发展。
Ageing population promotes development of medical / health care.
老年人的增加会对一些行业产生新的需求从而帮助社会获得更多的经济收入。
Growth of aging population creates a fresh need for some professions and achieves greater economic gains / help to gain economic income.
（2）负面
老龄化增加医疗费用并对家人和社会带来负担。
Ageing population results in escalating cost in medical care / increases costs of health care and imposes / brings a burden for family and society.
老龄化导致劳动力年龄结构的变化并影响工作节奏。
Ageing population results in a shift / change in the age structure of the workforce / labour and affects on the pace of work.
老人与家人同住及住养老院的分别的好处 （DG）
（1）住养老院
老人得到同龄人的陪伴并拥有在社区生活的感觉。
Old people gain chance to enjoy the company of their peers and they have a sense of community's life / a genuine community feel.
养老院配备更专业的员工和更好的运动设施。
Nursing homes are equipped with more professional staff and better exercise facilities.
（2）与家人同住
老人通常有较强的家庭观念并且与家人同住会使老人有归属感。
Old people always value strong ties among family members and they maintain their ties and sense of belonging / possess a sense of belonging when they live with families.
有些老人健康状况良好并且他们可以分担一些家务，比如：照顾孩子和做饭。
Some of old people possess good physical condition and they can share some of housework, such as, looking after / taking care of children and do cooking.
老人住在家里有助于节省住在养老院的花费。
Old people live at home, which helps to save costs of living in nursing home.
老年人问题
1.take care by children 和in nursing homes 各有优缺点
2.在家的话，老人可以享受与家人交流的机会，这样他们不会孤独，而且还可以照顾小孩，而且他们的经验对人们的事业和家庭生活都有帮助。但是由于老人经常会出现健康问题，因此需要花很多时间照料，影响人们的工作。
3. 在nursing home的话，可以有更多机会与their peers相处，common language and interest,而且现在的条件越来越好，得到专业的照顾及医疗服务，还有proper diet 对他们的健康有利。而且让小孩有充分的时间工作，追求自己的事业。但是缺少与家人的交流，会使他们感到lonely，出现一些psychological problem而且如果将所有老人都放到rest home,将给增加财政负担。
4. As neither the two solutions is effective enough to solve the problem of …, I favor the combination of the two.
如何对待罪犯
1.criminals 应该be locked up in prison(jails).
2. can ensure a safe and comfortable living environment for law-abiding citizens. Thieves ,robbers, rapists and murders are dangerous, pose potential threat to the society
3. 放到监狱教育是一个很好的方式，让他们知道侵犯其他人的权利是要付出代价的，这样就会减少他们再次犯罪的可能性
4.不但是punish criminals but also deters the potential criminals. 有些有犯罪倾向的人由于害怕被处罚，可能会放弃commit crime.
5.应该放到监狱。Just as the old saying goes, mercy to the criminal may be cruelty to the people.
城市化：
urbanisation / urban sprawl(扩展)
（1）城市化产生的原因：
工业的发展使得工厂和商业在乡村地区建立
Industrial developments encourage factories and businesses to be established / built in rural areas.
人口快速增长，大量农民来到城市以求获得工作机会
Rapid population growth forces a vast number of farmers to find / seek / hunt employment opportunities in urban areas.
交通工具的发达使人们可以更容易到较远的地方，因而有更多人迁居郊区。
Development of transportation helps people to travel far.
人们希望获得更大的生活空间，更好的生活环境，从而选择在郊区居住
People migrate from urban areas to suburbs because they want to acquire attractive living conditions and expand living space.
（2）城市化产生的负面影响：
人口增加导致基础设施的费用增加
Population growth of cities means increasing cost of infrastructures / public serves of facilities.
大量的流动人口会导致犯罪率上升，影响社会稳定。
High mobility of population leads to increase of crimes' rate and destroy social order / stability.
城市人口的增长引起环境问题。
Population growth of urban areas causes environmental issues.
垃圾增多的原因和处理地方法（RS）
（1）原因
人口增长意味着扩大物质产品的消耗
Population growth means expansion of material products consumption
人们对垃圾问题意识不强
People have weak awareness of waste issues
一次性产品的消耗变得越来越严重
The consumption of disposable items is becoming more and more serious
（2）解决方法
应该颁布法律去控制垃圾任意排放
Government should enact/draft laws to regulate/ control discharge of refuse
制造商应该被鼓励改良工业生产和减少资源的使用
Manufacturers should be encouraged to modify industrial production and decrease use os natural resources/ materials
应该采取措施去宣传垃圾循环再利用的重要性
Government should take measures to advertise the importance of waste recycling
青少年犯罪与Drug abuse
1. 原因：
(1)电视中的暴力与色情
(2)家庭原因：Increasing divorce rate, Brought up in a sole-parent family, 缺少父母的关爱,psychological problem, feel disoriented.
(3)学校原因：schools and society should be responsible在学校学习压力大，就业压力大
(4)自身原因：不成熟，sequacious，lack of self-control an self-discipline, can not resist the temptation of drugs and fall victims to drug dealers.
2. 解决方法：
(1)应该strict censorship should be imposed on 媒体中的不健康内容
(2)家长应该多关心
(3)和学校应该多教育，不能只顾academic performance
新闻媒体的优缺点（AD）
（1）优点
新闻媒体有助于将有用的信息船体给观众并让他们知道世界上每时每刻发生的事情。
News media can helpful communicates information to viewers and keep them informed of what is happening in the world.
（2）缺点
新闻媒体对别人的隐私不够尊重并夸大其词。
News media has insufficient respect for privacy of people and give an exaggerated account of an issue.
否认或者认同广告决定物品销售的观点（AD）
（1）否认
顾客的消费是由他们的需求所决定而不是广告的作用
Consumers'/buys' consumption depends on their needs rather than /instead of influences of advertisements
产品的购买是由许多因素决定的，比如：家庭和收入
Consumption of commodities rely on a vast number of factors, such as family and income
注重数量或质量的观点（AD）
商品的促销只是市场营销的一种手段
Sales promotion of commodities is just a means of marketing
广告的宣传效用是暂时的
The influences /effects of advertising are temporary, not lasting
Some people believe that the range of technologies available to individuals will increase the gap between the rich and the poor. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (科技类)
Question: whether the development of technologies can widen income gap?
(1) 技术的发展对于人的教育水平提出了很高的要求。处于教育资源匮乏地区的人很难掌握新的科技，因而无法从事要求较高的工作，带来收入的减少。相反，教育资源丰富的人容易掌握高科技，提高收入。从这个角度来说，科技在一定程度上扩大了收入差距。Technological progress has imposed a higher standard for education because many jobs only need people with qualifications or relevant working skills. Unfortunately, people from regions without adequate education resources find it hard to learn new technologies, thus unable to engage in hi-tech work. In this knowledge-driven society, possibilities of high payment are very rare for those less educated. By contrast, qualified people can find hi-tech work with decent pay. In this sense, we may suggest that technologies have to a certain degree contributed to the widening of income gap.
(2) 但是从另外一个角度来说，科技发展提高了工作效率，能够在更短时间内，创造更多的社会财富。同时创造了更多的工作岗位，让更多的人有工作，有收入。因此科技发展并非是造成差距的根本原因。
(3) 从上面分析可以看出来，造成差距的根本原因在于资源分配的不公平，尤其是教育资源的分配。其次，税收，社会保障缺乏，都是导致不均的重要原因。因此，要缩小差距，首先要保证资源分配透明；同时税收和保障都要健全。
Nowadays, people in some countries can choose to live and work anywhere they want because of the improvement of the transportation and communication technologies. Discuss the benefits and the drawbacks of the phenomenon. (社会现象类)
联系剑6阅读题目“Advantages of Public Transportation”.
Body 1: advantage of living wherever they want. 1. 21st century is characterized by social mobility, which enables people to find more opportunities and proper jobs. And also this practice strengthens the communication of talents and intelligence. 2. This encourages the development of communication and economy. 3. This gives a full play to personal freedom.
Body 2: drawbacks: 1. It causes the rise of cost in transportation. In the meantime, it causes the sharp increase in energy consumption. 2. It witnesses the increase of commuting time, which reduces people’s leisure time and quickens their living tempo. 3. Despite progress of telecommunication, living far away reduces the chances of family’s unification. Thus, this practice renders family relationship alienated and indifferent.
Some people believe that the society should be based on rules and laws. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (抽象类)
Body 1: why it is necessary for a society to comply with rules and laws? 1. Guarantee social order. For example, in a society based on laws and regulations, if your rights are encroached, you can file a lawsuit to the court, where justice can be pursued. In this way, the personal avenge will be effectively avoided. 2. Ensure individual security. 3. Improve efficiency of social operation. For example, in a rule-abiding society, people are accustomed to queuing for buying tickets, waiting for the bus and many other occasions. It seems that queuing is a time-consuming process; however, facts show that it is actually the most time-saving way because every individual’s compliance with the rules reduces the possibility of friction and chaos.
Body 2: if not. 1. Chaotic society. 2. Increase of crimes. 3. Individual rights and property cannot be ensured. 4. Moral degradation. 5. Curb economic development. 6. Decrease of living standard. 7. Lack sense of security. 8. Lack of mutual trust. 9. Citizen’s lack of loyalty to their country.
Conclusion: any society should operate under rules and laws. Every citizen should have the awareness of laws. Only in this way can a society develop smoothly and harmoniously; meanwhile, a person’s rights and security be guaranteed.
工作类
跳槽的原因及解决办法
1.相关词汇： Fierce competition heavy pressure job-hopping is looked upon to move upward quickly, keep skill fresh and up to date acclimatize themselves to the rapidly changing society
2.原因： (1)社会压力大，人们的竞争意识增强，不断改变以适应社会的变化
(2)处于个人发展的需要，寻求升职，更新知识
(3)金钱的诱惑，不在乎在哪儿工作，做什么职业，只要挣钱多
(4)家庭原因，spouse工作地点改变或孩子去其他地方上学
3.解决方法：
(1)要理性看待，一般来说，stability equals success
(2)chronic job-hopper将被questioned integrity and loyalty ,not reliable
(3)和mass media应该鼓励人们扎根一个地方，扎扎实实干事业，并且尽可能提高welfare,改善城市和community的环境，留住人才
(4)公司应该提高工资待遇，给employee创造一个良好的工作环境，在保证企业利润的同时要考虑员工个人发展，增加培训，扩充员工的知识
工作满意度的决定因素（RS）
工作稳定 Job security
高薪 Well-paid =high salary
工作相关的回报 Job-related benefits /bonus
好的工作环境 Well working conditions/ environment
和上司和同事好的人际关系
good/excellent interpersonal relationship with colleagues and superiors(老板)
职业发展的机会 Opportunity of professional/career development
成就感 A sense of achievement
成功的感觉 Experience a feeling of success
换工作/跳槽的好处和坏处（DG）
（1）好处
换工作/跳槽
Job-hopping / switching jobs
充分发挥自己的能力
Job-hopping makes the best use of one's abilities
能够增加经验和发展多种技能
Switching jobs accumulate / acquire / gain new experience and develop / promote / improve a variety/diverse of skills / techniques
如果你不提高自己的能力，你将很容易在竞争中失利。
If you don't improve your ability by yourself, you will be vulnerable to the competition
人应该懂得接受挑战和把握机会。
People should understand to receive challenges and control opportunity.
（2）坏处
129、适应新环境
Employees have to adapt / adjust to new environment
130、反映了低的承受能力和忠诚度
Job-hopping shows a low resilience / persistence / endurance and loyalty
压力产生的原因和解决方法（RS）
（1）产生的原因
休息的时间不够充分
It’s because of inadequate leisure time
高压力和快节奏的生活方式
Because people live a high-pressured, fast-paced lifestyle
人们对人生的关注有不切实际的期待
People hold unrealistic expectations towards career concerns
（2）解决方法
合理的饮食和运动有利于改善自身健康
Proper eating and sports contributes to feelings of well-being=health
养成良好的心态
People should nurture a good state of mind / mood
Nowadays, many young people hold important positions in the government, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon and give young own opinion.
Pros：
1. 使在处理大量的行政服务中充满激情与活力；
Enable the government to be full of passion and vitality in dealing with the huge amount of administrating service;
2. 通过建立模范来充分调动青年的热情，使其积极献身于政治事业；
Fully activate the enthusiasm of youngsters to devote themselves to the course of politic positively by setting good models;
3. 使管理者更早的接受历练来丰富实践经验和提高应对更为复杂的问题的能力，以为国家的行政管理储备人才；
Make the administrators receive training earlier to enrich their practical experience and enhance their ability to cope with more stubborn issues, as well as preparing more talents for the national administration;
弊端Cons：
1. 因为年轻干部具有易冲动、情绪化等心理特质，从而可能使国家承担遭受不可逆转的损失的风险；
Owning to the special psychological nature of being more likely to be impulsive and emotional, young leaders may make the country take the risk of suffering from irreversible damage;
2. 过早的承受与年龄不相适应的负担和压力可能会给年轻干部带来负面影响，如在健康、心理、家庭等方面；
Undertaking the burden and stress which are not comparable with their age untimely may bring young leaders with several negative effects, would it be in terms of health, psychology and family.
3. 其他：如，挫伤了中年干部工作的积极性；造成了国家人才资源的浪费；助长了一些基层干部做事的浮躁心理等。
科技类
科技(电话，电脑)的利与弊
1. On the positive side,
(1) make life faster, easier and safer
(2) the world is becoming smaller and closer, trains cars plains make possible to travel to distant places
(3)modern communication tools,使人们更好的交流，与任何地方的人交流，特别使促进了business的发展
(4)longer life expectancy由于progress of medical science
(5)电影电视made life enjoyable and colorful
(6)计算机和Internet get information easier, make friends, business, tele-education
2. On the negative side,
(1)机器的使用造成unemployment
(2)电话和互联网的使用alienate people from their friends 因为lack adequate face-to-face communication.
(3)Children 缺乏essential interpersonal skills Those who indulge in … often feel isolated and being cut off from the outside world, they tend to be more introverted, self-centered and withdrawn.
在家工作的优缺点（AD）
（1）优点
在家工作节省办公室空间和设备。
Home working saves office's space and equipments
在家工作增加工作的灵活度
Home working introduces flexibility of jobs
（2）缺点
缺乏交流导致同事之间有疏离感。
Lacking communication leads to a sense of isolation between staff.
在家工作不利于管理员工。
Home working has negative effects on managing home workers.
在家工作有可能导致员工技术和工作质量的下降。
Home working leads to possible reduction of employees' skills and work quality.
国际旅行的利弊
An increasing number of people choose to travel abroad. Do the problems brought by international travel outweigh the advantages?
写作素材（优点）：
1. Local Economy: 支柱产业—增加外汇、提供就业岗位、创造税收—相关产业发展
It is regarded as a pillar industry of local economic development, which will become a source of foreign exchange, providing more job opportunities and creating enormous tax revenue for the local government as well. Meanwhile, the relative business would be improved at the same time, including catring, recreational and souvenir trade.
2. Culture: 跨文化交际—发扬民族文化—展示文化特色与历史遗产—增进友谊--消除偏见
It plays a positive role in carrying forward national culture in cross cultural communication, offering a platform to show the local cultural identity and historic heritage, by which people from different countries could promote friendship and good will, as well as removing prejudice and hostility.
3. Citizens: 加快基础设施建设—促进交通发展--改善生存环境--提高生活质量、社会福利
Accelerate the construction of infrastructure, promote the development of transportation, such as railway, highway and waterway. Improve the living circumstance, enhance the quality of life and social welfare.
写作素材（缺点）：
1. Culture：
文化商业化commercialization of culture
文化冲突arouse cultural shock
破坏了文化神圣独特的本质erode the sacred and unique nature of culture
对文化的侮辱humiliate local culture
减少了文化的独特性reduce the uniqueness of culture
破坏了文化的多样性damage the cultural diversity
低俗文化的入侵与泛滥intrusion and widespread of indecent culture，如酗酒、吸毒、、卖淫等alcoholism, drug abuse, gamblling, prostitution.
2. Citizens
扰乱正常生活disrupt the normal life of local people
造成公共场合拥挤cause crowding and traffic congestion in public places
生活资源短缺shortage of living essentials
因语言的不通而造成误解give rise to misunderstanding and conflict due to language problem
因民族歧视而引起争端 result in dispute because of national discrimination
3. Environment：
毁坏自然环境destroys natural environment
加重交通负担aggravate traffic burden
气体污染加剧 deteriorating air pollution
噪声污染严重serious noise pollution
破坏旅游景点生态平衡break the ecological balance of tourist attractions
破坏动物栖息地lead to extinction of species due to damage of wild life habitats.
Pros and Cons of Tourism
Pros:
1. It is regarded as a pillar of key local economic development.
2. The booming tourist industry has created more job openings. Many people have said good-bye to poverty through involvement in tourist businesses.
3. The tourist industry has played a positive role in meeting the cultural needs of the public, carrying forward national culture and achieving the sustainable development of resources.
4. Tourism helps to better introduce the country to foreigners and showcase the brilliant history and culture to the outside world.
5. Tourism helps to improve the investment environment so as to attract more foreign investors.
6. Tourists can take pleasure in the magnificent natural landscape, appreciate the superior workmanship of ancient artists and enjoy a variety of local delicacies (specialties). Many tourist attractions offer a wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local culture.
7. Tourism helps to promote the catering trade, transportation service and commerce .
8. Tourism is the world’s largest and faster growing industry. According to recent statistics, tourism provides 10 percent of the world’s income and employs almost one-tenth of world’s workforce. By the year 2010, these numbers will double. All considered, tourism’s actual and potential economic impact is astounding.
9. Tourism encourages the preservation of identify, pride and value in our living conditions and the cultural legacy of generations in danger of extinction.
10. Tourism contributes to the revival of customs and traditions.
11. Tourism brings new money into an area and generates jobs, income and tax revenues.
Cons:
1. Contact with and assimilation of other cultures will reduce the uniqueness of one’s own culture and make the world less colorful than before.
2. Undermine local traditions and ways of life.
3. Tourism may cause serious environmental pollution.
关于国家的话题
Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibilities for helping the poorer nations in such areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
正方观点的支持句(1)：
① The aid from developed countries is of great benefit to common people in needy countries. International aid optimizes people’s living standard and eradicates poverty in the poor countries.
点评：needy 一词代替了原文中的poorer, optimize为词汇的亮点，意为“使得更加完善”。
正方观点的支持句(2)：
② The aid from rich countries provides good medical care and helps promote the development of education, agriculture and economy.
点评：既然题目中提及到了教育和医疗，论述的过程中一定要有所体现。
正方观点的支持句(3)：
③ Mutual assistance enhances friendship between countries, which helps get rid of the possibility of wars due to misunderstanding.
点评：enhance一词在雅思作文中会经常用到，比如：enhance efficiency; enhance security; enhance sense of solidarity.
反方观点的支持句(1)：
① Financial aid from rich countries is often given out of political reasons. If you want to receive the aid, you have to accept political conditions combined with it.
反方观点的支持句(2)：
② Aid from rich countries is just a disguised way to exploit cheap natural resources and get great benefits from poverty-stricken countries.
点评：poverty-stricken为词汇的亮点，意为“为贫穷所困扰的”。
反方观点的支持句(3)：
③ It must be stressed out that there exists a potential danger of the abuse of the beneficence by some corrupt governmental officials and inefficient administration.
点评：beneficence为国际援助话题必备词汇，意为“捐助物资”。
投资公共设施或是艺术的原因（AD）
33、人们文化生活的主要部分 Arts are an integral part of cultural life
34、吸引游客观光和产生旅游收入 Arts of government investment attract tourists for sightseeing and bring about tourism's revenue
关于太空探索的话题
Some people say that exploration of outer space has many advantages; other people feel that it is a waste of money and other resources. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
正方观点支持句(1)：
① Man has the instinct and curiosity to explore the unknown, outer space exploration could multiply our knowledge about the universe and the earth.
正方观点支持句(2)：
② The earth has a limited amount of natural Resources. One day they will be consumed up, so we need to explore untapped energy and resources for mankind to survive.
消耗资源和时间 Space research consumes resources and takes time
分散和公众在一些更重要事情上的注意力
Space research distracts the government and people from more significant issues
In today's world, it is private companies rather than governments who pay for and carry out most scientific research. Do you think the advantages outweigh disadvantages? (决策类)
Background – theme –view
In present society, there is an increasing tendency that private companies begin to take up numerous/ various social projects. In the past, most scientific research was carried out/ performed by the government. However, the government’s role is being replaced by private enterprises. From my perspective, /in my opinion / from my point of view, /as far as I am concerned, this trend has some merits despite some negative effects / despite some drawbacks.
Body 1: advantages of private company’s conducting scientific research: it is a trend that a growing number of scientific research projects are being undertaken by private companies. Obviously, there are some advantages of this tendency. (1) high efficiency. (2) cost-saving. The ultimate purpose/target of company’s activities is to obtain profits; therefore, they will do their utmost to reduce/lower cost of research. This practice will to some degree save resources. （3）competition will make the companies involved in technological innovation.
Body 2: however, there is no denying that there remain some drawbacks concerning the private company’s involvement in scientific research solely. (1) Compared with the government’s activity, private companies cover less people. (2) Insufficient investment. So it is not enough to carry out large scale projects such as some space exploration programs.
安装监视器的优点：
利用监视器可以帮助catch criminals, thus reducing crime. a camera is more effective than security guards.
和保安不可能全天24小时工作，而camera will not feel tired.而且它更objective, sometimes our eyes might deceive us, while a machine can exactly record what happens, it can prevent much unnecessary embarrassment.
Frighten off the criminals and reduce potential crime.
2. 缺点：
Critiques about installation of surveillance typically look at the infringement of people’s privacy.
Being photographed and recorded by the camera,很多人feel uncomfortable and no privacy.特别是女性，有些人可能会将camera获得的资料用于illegal use.
3. 尽管有缺点，但是为了public safety，监视器是有必要的。但是应该尽可能balance the need for security with respect for individual’s privacy and freedom.
物种灭绝的原因和解决方案（RS）
（1）原因
217、人们缺乏环保意识并且不知道生物和环境之间的联系
People are lack of awareness in environmental protection and have no knowledge of the relationship / correlation of ecosystem and animals.
218、人们为了他们的目的经常需要大量的动物和植物，比如食物和农耕工具
People always use a variety of animals and plants for human purposes, such as, foods and machines of farming.
219、人口的增长导致动物栖息地减少
Population growth leads to reduction of animals' habitats.
（2）解决方法
220、成立相关机构为了筹集资金和资助物种保护项目
Organisations should be established to raise fund and support conservation projects of living species.
221、动物保护应该国际合作呼吁
Preservation of animals should be called for / appealed by international co-operation.
222、应该增加宣传力度并提高保护意识
Government should launch campaigns’ for animal welfare and promote citizens' awareness of environmental conservation.
全球化及影响
Topic 1 外来人口对文化的益处和冲突（AD）
Topic 2 媒体信息一致的优缺点（DG）
Topic 3 商业和文化的接触对一个国家特征的丧失优缺点（DG）
Topic 4 旅游业对于文化保护的益处和弊端（DG）
Topic 5 接受当地文化或建立小型社区的好处（DG）
Topic 6 英语作文全球性语言的优缺点（AD）
Topic 7 进口蔬菜和水果的好处和坏处（DG）
1、商业利益和价值 Commercial interest and economic value
2、很多当地人表现的非常友好和好客， Many local people are friendly and hospitable,
3、这有助于文化的交流 Which is helpful for promoting cultural communications?
4、对其他的文化和人民更了解 A better understanding of other cultures and other people
5、促进文化的融合，消除文化障碍 Promote cultural integration, remove cultural barriers
6、接受不同的文化和价值观 Embrace different cultures and values
7、减少工作机会，增加竞争 Reduce opportunities of jobs, increase competition
8、促进文化多样性 Promote cultural diversity
9、不在尊重传统文化 Lose respect to traditional values
10、文化产品 Cultural goods/commodities/products
11、降低文化多样性 Degrade cultural diversity
12、差距增大 Widening the gap between the richest and the poorest of the world
13、损害社会团结 erosion of social solidarity
14、传统观念/价值 Traditional/older/traditionally-held values/perceptions/cultures/beliefs
15、文化冲击 Cultural shock
16、融入当地新的社会 Merge into the new local communities
17、融入新的文化 Integrate into the new culture
18、自然和文化资源的保护 Preservation/conservation of the natural and cultural resources
19、当地传统风俗 Local/host traditional customs
20、破坏传统文化的神圣 Erode the sacred of traditional culture
21、扩大出口和吸引外资 Promote export and attracting foreign capital
22、支付不起 unaffordable=can't afford
23、经济全球化 economic globalisation
24、减轻食物供应压力 be conducted to food supply stress/food shortage
25、过分依赖出口 rely excessively on export
In the past, cultural and historical relics were stored in museums. But now, people can see them freely with the internet. Some people believe that museums are no longer needed in the future. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (科技类)
(本题可以考虑一下，有人认为奥林匹克运动会会随着网络的发展而逐渐失去momentum,或者世博会随着网络的便利而逐渐消失.本题还非常接近网络远程教育可以取代课堂教育，参考前所述题目。)
Body 1: what kind of functions of museums can be replaced by internet? The rise of internet has posed a challenge to many traditional objects and industries. For example, internet has prompted telecommunication, which has suffocated letters. The significance of internet is of several aspects. People can have access to things which were previously inaccessible. Internet provides tremendous amount of information which might be accessed in the past by visiting museums.
Body 2: what aspects cannot be replaced by internet in terms of museums. 1. Lack of interaction. 2. The difference between image and genuine objects. Real objects are impressive and persuasive. 3. Real world and visual world are parallel, not mutually replaceable. 下载本文
