Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Geoffery Chaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 ( 首创“ 双韵体” ，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰· 德莱顿（John Dryden ）称其为“ 英国诗歌之父” 。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的 )realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ① first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体 ) by middle English ② ③< The House of Fame>声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form:Romance(传奇故事 ) Famous three：King Arthur Sir Gawain and the GreenKnight Beowulf II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 16th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It is a revival of classical( Greek and Roman) arts and sciences. The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599 （后人称之为 “诗人的诗人 ”。） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey 12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet’s poet”? ( B ) A. Spenser’s idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithful loves”. Artistic features: Using Spenserian Stanza Definition of Spenserian Stanza: a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. ② The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. ③ 2. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535 One of the greatest English humanists ① 3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626 （哲学家 、散文家；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。 ） Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist. Writing style: brevity, compactness & powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy Toman’s reason. ① ② The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. 4. Ben Jonson ① 5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛15~1595 “University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（ 完善了无韵体诗。） Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 14. Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his “mighty lines” ( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse ① ② ③ 6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚15~1616 ① Historical plays: Henry VI ; ②Four Comedies: ③Four Tragedies: ④Shakespeare Sonnet: 154 Three quatrain and one couplet, abab，cdcd，efef，gg. A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III The 17th Century 1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674 （ 诗人、政论家 ;失明后写 《失乐园》 、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》 。 ） ①Epics: ②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙 ③ ④ This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best. 2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688 （代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为 “具有永恒意义的百科全书 ”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。） Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人 ) ①Religionary Allegory: 3. John Donne多恩 the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人 ). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗 ) the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式 )the form is frequently an argument with the poet’ s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题： love, religious, thought） Artisticfeatures: conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻 syllogism 三段论 ①Meditations沉思录 The Flea虱子 ②Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets ③Valediction: IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment同时为美国战争与法国大提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。 A revivalof interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感 ) and accuracy The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16thcentries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality),equality & science(the 18th century) 小说崛起： In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel raised (realistic novel现实主义小说 ) Gothicnovel(哥特式小说 )： mystery, horror, castles(from middle partto the end of century) 1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744 （ 18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用 “英雄双韵体 ”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。） As arepresentative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism toEngland.... Eg. Among the representatives of theEnlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C ) A.John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift ① Artistic features: 1.Using “heroic couplets” ② ③ 2. Samuel ohnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784 ①Dictionary = 3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745 （十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a master satirist。） ① Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 ② ③ ④ 4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731 （小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。） He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular,and he is the founder of realistic novel. ① It praise the fortitude of the human laborand the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into ashrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how hegoes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles tolive for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. ② ③ ④ 5. Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754 （英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为 “英国小说之父 ” 。） He is called“Father of English novel”. He was the first towrite a“Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels: plays: 6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774 ①poems: ②novel: ① 8. William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827 ① A happy and innocent world from children’s eye. ② A word of misery, poverty, disease, war andrepression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence ③ 9. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of eachindividual’s mind.(人应该是自由的个体 ) Init, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world ofsocial civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should befree from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace. Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic)and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人， who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850 ① ② Theme:1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace” 2.It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙 ) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. ③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tin tern Abbey ④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 ② 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834 ① ③ Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory ④ ⑤ ⑥ 3. George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824 （拜伦式英雄 Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德 ·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个 “拜伦式英雄 ”。） “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. ① 4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822 ①Poetic Drama： Theme: the drama celebrates man’s victory over tyranny and oppression ② Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies. Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone ispoignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen forceto take control and revive life. Artistic features: Usingrerza rima(三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe …) 5. John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821 (“美即是真，真即是美 ”是他的著名诗句。 ) ①Four great odes: ② Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader. Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in thepoem is the change of periods in a day. 6. Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817 ① 【 Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】 in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved 【 Collins & Charlotte Lucas】 see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood 【 Lydia & Wickham】 shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money. 【 Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】 comic characters 7. Walter Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832 (历史小说之父”)Father of historynovels ① ② VI The Victorian Period1832-1900 Common sense and moralpropreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists wereall concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events. 1. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870 （批判现实主义小说家） critical realistwriter ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ 2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863 ① ② 3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855 ① Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lo wood, a charity school. There she suffers a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a governess at Thorn field Hall. There she falls in love with the master, Mr. Rochester. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lo wood School It is a successful introduction to the first governess heroine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. ② ③ 4. Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854 ① A story about two families and an intruding stranger. 【 The Earnshaw Family】 Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff 【 The Linton Family】 Mr. Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella ② 5. George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880 ① ② ③ ④ 6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~12 （维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人） Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人） ① ② 7. Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~18 ① ②< Home Thoughts From Abroad> 海外乡思 Elizabeth Barrett Browing: ① 8. Robert Louis Stevenson ①< Treasure Island>金银岛 9. Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928 （小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。 Wessex novels; novels of character and environment） Novels ① Theme: experience is as to intensity, and not asto duration ② ④
