科目:211翻译硕士英语
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(专业学位)
科目代码:211
科目名称:翻译硕士英语
专业领域:翻译硕士
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Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and grammar
A. Complete each of the following sentences with the best choice. (每小题1分,共20分)
1. This company has now introduced a policy ________ pay rises are related to performances at work.
A. which B. where C. whether D. what
2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ________ so formally.
A. need not have dressed up B. must not have dressed up
C. did not need to dress up D. must not dress up
3. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ________ Eastern Nebraska.
A. in B. it receives in C. does D. it does in
4. The brilliance of his Satires was ________ make even his victims laugh.
A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that
5. Much as________, I couldn't lend him the money because I simply didn't have that much spare cash.
A. I should have liked to B. I would like to have
C. I should have to like D. I would have liked to
6. ________ for the war, the two countries would have normalized their relations, thirty years earlier.
A. If it was not B. If had it not been C. Were it not D. Had it not been
7. no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.
A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being
8. Intellect is to the mind________ sight is to the body.
A. what B. which C. that D. like
9. The author of the novel was brought up in the country, ________ recounted in most of her works.
A. as it is B. as is C. that is D, such is
10. They ________ so tired if they ________ for the whole day.
A. wouldn't feel . . . didn't walk
B. wouldn't feel . . . weren't walking
C. wouldn't be feeling . . . weren't walking
D. wouldn't be feeling . . . hadn't been walking
11. The artifacts displayed in the museum ________ the boy's imagination.
A. stirred B. evoked C. raised D. arouse
12. This tune is usually ________ to J. S. Bach,
A. attributed B. devoted C. subject D. contributed
13. There has been an ________ drop in the number of unemployed since the new government came to power.
A. appreciated B. appreciable C. appreciative D. appreciating.
14. Children under 16 are ________ from the usual charges for dental treatment.
A. exempt B. likely C. irresponsible D. subject
15. He is absolutely ________ in his handling of the school's accounts.
A. vigilant B. exact C. conscious D. scrupulous
16. In that country, students will be ________ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.
A. declined B. deprived C. denied D. deserted
17. He made some ________ sketches which would serve as guides when he painted the actual portrait.
A. primary B. elementary C. introductory D. preliminary
18. He tries to ________ his lessons by telling an interesting anecdote about the president.
A. cheer up. B. inspire C. stimulate D. liven up
19. In that shop you can buy any kinds of ________ for model ships, and you will have great fun assembling the tiny bits and pieces provided into something that may bear a decent ________ to a ship.
A. outfits, similarity B. kits, resemblance
C. tools, likeness D. plans, assembly
20. Hotel rooms must be ________ by noon, but luggage may be left With the
A. departed, receptionist B. abandoned, front desk
C. vacated, porter D. displaced, manager
13. Correct the error in each line marked with a number. (每小题1分, 共10分)
For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation of
the Arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the 1
words "good" or "bad" irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such
thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and 2
knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a 3
popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the
public by the necessity of knowledge, It pleases those resentful of disciplines, 4
it flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, and it comforts the 5
confused.
Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our fore-
fathers did not mean, it says, in effect, "Who are you to tell us what is good
or bad?" This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers 6
of mass media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it 7
wants to hear and to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and
that program is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently 8
has expressed this philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the 9
highly intelligent president of CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal
Communications Commission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: 10
"One man-s mediocrity is another man's good program".
Part Ⅱ Reading
Read the following passages. Answer the multiple-choice questions and the short-answer question to each passage.
Passage 1
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, , a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)—had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant "Muses-shrine".
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relies of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems—often antique engraved ones—as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures.
As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected" either, but "site-specific". and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them—and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses-shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early "inspirational" collections. Soon they multiplied, and. gradually, exemplary "modem" works were also added to such galleries,
In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure, Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.
Multiple-choice questions(每小题1分,共5分):
1. The sentence "Museum is a slippery word" in the first paragraph means that ________.
A. the meaning of the word didn't change until after the 15th century.
B. the meaning of the word had changed over the years.
C. the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans,
D. princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.
2. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from ________.
A. the Romans.
B. Florence.
C. Olympia.
D. Greek.
3. ". . . the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined" in the third paragraph means that________.
A. there was a great demand for fakers.
B. fakers grew rapidly in number.
C. fakers became more skillful.
D. fakers became more polite.
4. Paintings and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were ________ .
A. collected from elsewhere.
B. made part of the buildings.
C. donated by people.
D. bought by churches.
5. Modem museums came into existence in order to ________ .
A. protect royal and church treasures.
B. improve existing collections.
C. stimulate public interest.
D. raise more funds.
Short-answer question (每小题3分,共3分)
According to the passage, why did the connection between museums and "Muses-shrines" revive in the 15th- century Europe?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
Richard, King of England from 1t to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures, He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry. In those days the lion was muck admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard's contemporaries called him" Coeur de Lion"(The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures, He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years' reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped, strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame. He loved war not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the grow of victor3'. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.
Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous or habitually cruel, He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience, His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military genius were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms; he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King's artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.
In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for fine endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed, The King claimed this treasure as lord
paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle on the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall, confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder. by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head, Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier's debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age ca April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland and other heroes of martial romance at some Eternal Round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.
The archer was flayed alive,
Multiple-choice questions(每小题1分,共5分):
6. "little did the English people owe him for his services" (paragraph one) means that the English ________ .
A. paid few taxes to him.
B. gave him little respect.
C. received little protection from him,
D. had no real cause to feel grateful to him.
7. To say that his life was a "magnificent parade"( paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent ________ .
A. spent chiefly at war.
B. impressive and admirable.
C. lived too pompously
D. an empty show.
8. Richard's behavior as death approached showed________ .
A. bravery and self-control.
B. wisdom and correctness
C. devotion and romance
D. chivalry and charity
9. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was ________ .
A. cheated by his own successors.
B. determined to take revenge on his enemies,
C. more generous to his enemies than his successors.
D. unable to influence the behavior of his successors.
10. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that
A. each presents one side of the picture.
B. the first generalizes and the second gives examples.
C. the second is the logical result of the first.
D. both present Richard's virtues and faults.
Short-answer question(每小题3分,共3分):
What's the author's opinion of King Richard?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Passage 3
The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-day's flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets
closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.
Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners.
More than 150, 000 people are directly involved in Chile's tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $ 950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile.
Chile's great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5, 000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to. Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services. But the tromp card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hour's drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors: including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the region's rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts and pistes as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks.
Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chile's two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost non-existent. Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chile's Antarctic "Territory axe also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many pans of the
Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts.
The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiago's territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the country's tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry-and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of-Chile's natural riches.
Multiple-choice questions(每小题1分,共5分):
11. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by ________.
A. geographical location
B. guerrilla warfare
C. political instability
D. street crime
12. Many of Chile's tourists used to come from EXCEPT ________.
A. U. S, A.
B. the Far East
C. western Europe
D. her neighbors
13. According to the author, Chile's greatest attraction is ________.
A. the unspoilt beaches
B. the dry and hot desert.
C. the famous mountain range
D. the high standard of services
14. According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way?
A. Facilities in the ski resorts,
B. Domestic transport system.
C. Air services to Asia.
D. Road network in the south.
15. The objection to the development of Chile's tourism might be all EXCEPT that it ________ .
A. is ambitions and unrealistic
B. is politically sensitive
C. will bring harm to culture
D. will cause pollution in the area
Short-answer question(每小题3分,共3分):
Please refer to the underlined sentence in the passage. What does "infrastructural development" refer to in the context? 3%
Passage 4
Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, "Denmark is a great country. " You're supposed to figure this out for yourself.
It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars—Danes love seminars; three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip, it is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little, " and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made
into something hew— and no nuclear power p/ants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers — a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. " So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings("Foreigners Out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and-on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a. m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don't think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a. m. -for-the-green-light people——that's how they see Swedes and Germans, Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes, Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future i. n Europe wilt be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods, You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltie States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society, doesn't mean that Danish lives are less me say or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves, An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.
But there is a sense, of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad for taking what you're entitled to, you're as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are dear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.
Multiple-choice questions (每小题1分,共5分):
16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ________ attitude towards their country.
A. boastful
B. modest
C. deprecating
D. mysterious
17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?
A. Fondness of foreign culture.
B. Equality in society.
C. Linguistic tolerance,
D. Persistent planning.
18. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ________ .
A. disapproving
B. approving
C. noncommittal
D. doubtful
19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ________.
A. gets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other people
C. is considered economically essential to the country
D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ________.
A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits
B. Danes take for granted What is given to them
C. the open system helps to tide the country over
D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment
Short-answer question (每小题3分,共3分):
What can you infer from the passage concerning the author's attitude toward Danish characteristics?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Passage 5
The temperature of the Sun is over 5, 000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.
Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone. arid finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Sun's atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins.
The Sun's outermost layer begins about 10, 000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February, 1979, At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Sun's rays,
The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon, Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona, s rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike rays near the Sun's north and south poles.
The corona is thickest at the Sun's equator.
The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas
thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they ate-weak and invisible.
Multiple-choice questions(每小题1分,共5分):
21. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?
A. How the Sun evolved
B. The structure of the Sun
C. Why scientists study the Sun
D. The distance of the Sun from the planets
22. The purpose of the special instruments mentioned in line 14 is to
A. magnify the image of the Sun
B. block out the Sun's intense light
C. measure the amount of energy emitted by the Sun
D. photograph the Sun
23. It can be inferred from the passage that a clear view of the Sun's outer layer is usually prevented by
A. the Sun's rays
B. an eclipse
C. lack of light
D. the great distance
24. According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planers, they become
A. hotter
B. clearer
C. thinner
D. Stronger
25. The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of the following
A. The remaining layers of the Sun
B. The evolution of Sun to its present form
C. The eclipse of February 1979
D. The scientists who study astronomy
Short-answer question(每小题3分,共3分):
What's the purpose of this passage?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Part Ⅲ.writing. (每小题30分,共30分)
More and more university graduates choose to seek their fortune in big cities. What are the probable problems behind this phenomenon and what solutions can be taken to solve, them? Illustrate your ideas with specific reasons and examples in about 400words.下载本文