1．时间为30分钟。
2．文章长度为120-150词。
3．题型：
a. 命题作文
b. 情景作文
c. 图表作文
d. 段首句作文
e. 应用文（如书信等）
4．语言：
能正确表达思想，意义连贯，文理基本通顺，无重大语法错误。
5．内容：
一般社会、文化或日常生活方面的常识和看法。
二、评分
1．评分原则
1） CET-4是检查考生是否达到国家教育部颁发的《大学英语课程要求》（试
行）（2004）规定的四级教学要求的考试，因此对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。
2）CET-4作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分而不按语言的错误数目给分。
3）从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否成分表达思想，还要考虑是否用英语清楚地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
2．评分标准
本题满分为15分，阅卷标准共分5等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分。
阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（如8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。具体标准如下：
2分—— 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，
且多数为严重错误。
5分—— 基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言
错误。
8分—— 基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，但语
言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。
11分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言
错误。
（注：白卷、作文与题目毫不相关、或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分；特别优秀的作文也可评15分。）
作文字数不足应酌情扣分：
累计字数在90~99之间，扣1分；
累计字数在80~之间，扣2分；
累计字数在70~79之间，扣3分；
累计字数在60~69之间，扣4分；
累计字数在50~59之间，扣5分；
累计字数在50以下，最多给5分。
（注：规定三段的作文，如只有一段者，给0-4分；如只有两段者，给0-9分。）
建议：开头段（2-3句），中间段（6-8句），结尾段（2-3句）
论说文
论点
1）观点正确:论说文的首要条件就是观点正确，否则观点错误将直接导致整篇文章的失败；
2）中心论点的确立要正确、鲜明、集中，不能含糊其辞。尽量使文章的开头能够“开门见山”，不要迂回曲折，以便让读者很快知道文章的中心议题所在。
论据
1)是否有充分的说服力；
2)是否紧扣论点；
3)是否具有典型性或代表性。
万能理由（Omnipotence）
1. 方便：convenient/ convenience
2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency
3. 节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift，waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish
4. 人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative
5. 人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic
6. 娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax，tired, boring, lonely
7. 环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty
8. 安全和危险：safe, danger, risk
9. 经验：experience, social experience, enter the society
10. 人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely
论证方法
1)归纳法，即先列举事实，然后根据这些事实很自然地引申出一个符合逻辑的结论；
2)演绎法，即首先引用一个读者能接受的原理或结论，然后以此为据，对照事实进而得出结论
3)驳论法，即作者首先给出一个明显错误的观点或批驳对象，然后根据其观点的谬误、论据的虚假或论证的逻辑错误进行，最后明确地提出自己的观点或主张。
一 对立观点型论说文
1．引出话题 → 一种观点认为…… → 另一种观点认为…… → 我的观点（结论）
2．引出话题（一种情况）→ 一种观点认为…… → 我的态度（观点）
（CET4/6）
1.认为读书要有选择
2.认为应当博览群书
3.我的看法
When it comes to the issue of reading electively or extensively, different people have different opinions. It is held by some people that one should read selectively. But it is also believed by other people that one should read extensively.
Those who hold the first opinion think that one’s time and energy are limited and one can never read as many books as he wishes. In contrast, those who hold the second view think that to know the world from all perspectives one should absorb a variety of knowledge by reading extensively.
As to me, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, one can absorb more knowledge by reading extensively, but it doesn’t follow that one should read without discrimination. As one’s time and energy are limited, one should devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. It’s a waste of time to read irrelevant books. Furthermore, some books are harmful to one’s mind. If we don’t read books selectively, we will be led astray by harmful books.
（CET4/6）
1.有些人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）
2.另外一些人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of evil）
3.我的看法
Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some
people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on.
However, other people don’t think money can buy happiness. They consider it the root of all evils. Money leads to one’s stealing, to robbing, and to one’s breaking the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in western countries, there is nothing that can’t be bought by money. Many people lose their lives when they are desperate to get money.
But, in my opinion, money is useful the most important thing is how to do with it. People must be the owners of money instead of the slaves of money. People must let the money work as people want it to. As the old saying goes: Money can’t buy everything, but without money, you can do nothing. So, money, if it is in proper use, may bring us happiness. People must earn money lawfully, and with their money, people may live better. Only in this way can money make people happy.
On the whole, one should bear in mind that one should make money your servant, not your master.
点明文章主题的常用句式
1.… has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person.
2.There is an argument / much disagreement / no consensus of opinions among people concerning / over / as to / on…
3.Nowadays, people are divided on the question as to whether…
4.Different people have different views / perspectives on…
5.When being asked about…different people will offer different answers.
6.There is a public debate / discussion / controversy today about the problem of…
7.The issue of whether or not…has been widely argued / debated currently.
具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式
1.Some people suggest / maintain / hold the opinion that…But / However / While / Nevertheless /Yet other people hold a different point of view…
2.Some people are inclined to think that… One the contrary / In contrast, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim…
3.When it comes to… some people think / believe that… while others argue / claim that the opposite / reverse is true.
4.Those who criticize / oppose to / object to… argue that…. But people who advocate / favor…, on the other hand, maintain / assert that…
5.Now it is commonly / generally / widely / universally thought / accepted / believed / held that… But I wonder / doubt whether…
6.To the general public / popular mind, … But despite / in spite of / … I still believe…
7.Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of people think that… Nevertheless, there are still some people of the opinion that…
陈述自己观点的常用句式
1.For my part / As to me / As far as I am concerned, I’d like to agree to the former / my favor goes to the first view.
2.I agree to the latter opinion to some extent.
3. I’m in favor of… / I’m on the side of…
4. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we… we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.
5. There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements, but…
Is Failure a Bad thing? Can Money Buy Happiness? Do lucky numbers really bring luck? Is a test of Spoken English necessary?
The issue of whether or not…has been widely debated currently. Some people are inclined to think that…while others claim that the opposite is true.
People who advocate…maintain that…. In the first place… In the second place… But those who object to… argue that…. The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing,… For another…
There is probably some truth in both arguments, but as far as I am concerned, my favor goes to the first view,…./ In my opinion, both sides are partly right. …When we… we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.
Assignment
On the spring Festival Gala 1许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 2但有些人提出取消春节晚会 3我的看法
问题解决型论说文
问题解决型论说文结构模式
1．描述情况（问题） → 分析原因 → 我的对策或看法
2．提出问题 → 分析各种解决方法 → 结论
问题解决型论说文写作要领
考生在动笔之前，应仔细阅读提纲，弄清楚作文每段内容的要求。从而避免出现只分析了问题产生的原因，却忘了提出解决问题的对策的情况；还要避免错误地将分析解决问题的方法理解成为分析问题产生的原因。
考生在提出解决问题的方案时，切记要将方案和前一段中问题产生的原因相呼应，这样整篇文章才会显得结构紧凑，有理有据。
在列举数个原因或对策时，切忌杂乱无章。可以使用firstly, secondly, furthermore, finally等连接词来保证整段文章的连贯性和条理性。
1.描述情况（问题） → 分析原因 → 我的对策或看法
2.提出问题 → 分析各种解决方法 → 结论
（CET4/6）
1.大学生了解社会的必要性
2.了解社会的途径（如：大众媒介、社会服务等）
3.我打算怎么做
With the development of our society, the campus is no longer an “ivory tower” and students can’t merely confine themselves to the campus. It’s time for them to go out of the campus and know the world outside the “ivory tower”. For one thing, it can help students have a better understanding of themselves so that they can modify their way in studies. For another, it will lay a solid foundation for their future career. Finally, they can enhance their abilities in management, organization and so on.
There are many ways for students to get to know the outside world. First, they can know the world from mass media, such as newspaper, TV, radio, magazines and advertisements which provide information about political events, social news, the latest development in science and technology and so forth. Second, they can know the world from social services, such as job-hunting and tutorship, which grant students wide opportunities to know the society. Third, students can also make investigations in factories and villages, talking with the workers or farmers to learn their experiences.
As a student, I think the first thing I should do is to study hard to lay a good foundation for my future job. The other thing I can do is to take some part-time jobs to gain personal experience about the world outside the campus.
（CET4/6）
1.城市绿化的现状( unban afforestation)
2.绿化的好处（如：清洁空气、美化城市、改善气候）
3.怎样才能实现绿化
In recent years our cities have become much greener. A lot of trees, grasses
and flowers were planted in vacant lots and on both sides of the street. The area of urban afforestation per person has been greatly increased.
There are a lot of advantages of urban afforestation. First, trees, grasses and flowers can make the city more beautiful, for natural plants are well matched with artificial buildings. Secondly, plants can purify air in the city because they not only absorb carbon dioxide and the flying dust but also release oxygen. Thirdly, plants can muffle noises produced by vehicles and machines. Finally, trees can make the climate better in that they can alleviate intense heat in summer and severe cold in winter.
Therefore, special care must be taken to make our city greener. From my point of view, first we should make people aware of the importance of making cities greener. Besides, great efforts should be made to plant more trees, grasses and flowers. Meanwhile, we should carefully look after the planted trees, grasses and flowers and no one is allowed to destroy these plants. So long as we do so, we can entirely make our cities greener.
How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English
Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus
How I Finance My College Education
How to succeed in a Job Interview
引出话题的常用句式
1.Nowadays, … has become a problem we have to face.
2.Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem…
3.Although… has brought convenience to us, many people have begun to realize that it is the source of trouble as well.
4.Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of … has drawn / aroused / captured worldwide attention.
5.Recently, the issue / problem / question of … has been brought into focus / brought to public attention / posed among public attention.
6.In recent years, many cities / nations / people have been faced / troubled with the serious problem of…
7.With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization,more problems are brought to our attention.
8.Nowadays more and more people come to realize / be aware of the importance of…
9.Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation.
10.With the rapid / amazing / fantastic development / growth / improvement of economy, great changes have taken place in…
11.One of the urgent / pressing problems / issues we are confronted with is that…
12.It is undeniable / There is no denying the fact that… has become the utmost concern among people nowadays.
13.Once in a newspaper, I hit upon / came across a report that…
分析原因的常用句式
1.Here are many / several / a number of / a variety of reasons for it. First… Second… Finally…
2.The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing,… For another…
3.What has possibly contributed to this problem? In the first place… In the second place…
4.Perhaps the main / primary / most important reason is …
5.… is also / partly / solely / chiefly responsible for the problem.
6.It is no easy job to identify the reasons for … which involves several complicated factors. For some… For others…
7.One may trace / attribute / owe / this problem to …
8.A number of factors could account for / lead to / contribute to / result in / be conductive to …
9.This problem may result from / be attributable to / be largely due to / stem from a combination of factors.
10.The explanation for this phenomenon involves many complex reasons. For one thing … For another…
11.Some people may think that … is to blame for this problem, but its causes go still / far deeper.
12. It will exert a far-reaching / profound impact / influence / effect on …
13.Admittedly, it may create / give rise to / bring about a host of problems.
14.There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.
提出解决方案的常用句式
1.The first key factor to solve this problem is… Another key factor is …
2.People have found many solutions / approaches to dealing with this problem.
3.We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.
4.Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help.
5.Faced with …, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
6.It is high time that … Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.
7.Obviously, if we ignore / are blind to this problem, the chances are that / it is most likely that / there is every chance that … will be put in jeopardy.
8.We need to take a fresh / clear look at this matter / situation in a new perspective / from a wider standpoint. Otherwise, we won’t come anywhere near solving it.
9.It is essential / indispensable that proper actions / effective measures should be taken to reverse this situation / trend.
10.It is hoped / suggested that considerable / great efforts should be directed to / focused on…
11.There is no easy / immediate solution / approach to the issue of …, but … might be beneficial / helpful.
12.No effective / simple solution can be at hand / in sight to resolve / tackle the problem of … But the general awareness of the importance of … might be the first step in the right direction.
Assignment
Create a green campus
1.建设绿色校园十分重要 2 绿色校园不仅指绿色环境 3为建设绿色校园我们应该…….
三、说明利弊型论说文
说明利弊型论说文结构模式
描述某一现象（事物） → 分析其优点 → 分析其缺点 → 我的态度或看法
说明利弊型论说文写作要领
在分别说明某一现象（事物）的优点或缺点时，切忌凌乱，一定要有条理。可以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly, secondly, finally; For one thing, …For another, …
在文章最后一段表明自己的态度或看法时，考生最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的方法以减少某现象(事物)可能带来的负面效应。
范文（一） （CET4
1．运动的积极因素
2．运动的消极因素
3．我的体会
Sports are conducive to health. First, they stimulate blood circulation. As a
Chinese saying goes, “Running water is never stale and a door-hinge never gets worm-eaten.” Good blood circulation can prevent diseases. Besides, sports help digestion. If one often takes exercise, he will not suffer dyspepsia. Most important of all, sports make one energetic. One who takes exercise everyday is always full of vigor and will never be languid.
However, there are also disadvantages for taking exercise. First, if one takes exercise in the morning, he will sweat but he will have to go to work with wet underwear in a hurry, which is harmful to heath. Besides, it is also time-consuming to take exercise. If one takes exercise at regular intervals, he can keep fit but most probably he will lag behind in other fields. Worst of all, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, his health will run down for malnutrition, which is just the opposite to what he wishes.
Admittedly, I find it beneficial to health to take exercise. However, I seldom take exercise all my life. When I was young, I refused to take exercise for lack of nutrition. Now I refuse to take exercise because I cannot afford the time to take a bath after taking exercise.
范文（二） （CET4/6）
1．双休日给我们大学生带来的好处
2．双休日可能产生的问题
3．我应当怎样过好双休日
Generally speaking, two-day weekends are not only a time for us college
students to relax ourselves, but also a time to improve ourselves. To have a good rest after a week’s hard work, we have plenty of recreation opportunities. We can read to our hearts’ content, go sightseeing, and play games with our friends. Some students find part-time jobs on weekends so that they can ease their families’ financial burdens and know more about the society.
However, some students are just wasting their time on weekends. Some spend their time playing cards overnight, playing PC games, even drinking a lot with their friends. Some spend the whole weekend going traveling and feel tired when they return so that their studies will be greatly affected.
As a student, I think the first thing we should do is study. Spending two or three hours in going over lessons every weekend will give me great rewards. After finishing my homework, I can do many other things, such as mountain climbing, watching films and skating. Of course, I’ll also have a good rest to refresh myself and get well prepared for next week’s study. In short, by planning well we can achieve a lot on weekends. Otherwise, we’ll get nowhere.
说明事物优点的常用句式
1. There are several advantages in / of … The first / biggest advantage is that …
2.Nothing / Few things can equal / match with / be compared with … in terms of …
3.For all / In spite of / Despite the disadvantages / sides effects, it has its compensating advantages / beneficial effects.
4.… has a positive impact / influence / effect on people’s lives.
5.… is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives.
说明事物缺点的常用句式
1.However, …, just like anything else, has its negative side as well.
2.Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored.
3.However, it still has some drawbacks.
4.However, just as everything has two sides, … also has many disadvantages.
5.However, … may also cause / bring about / lead to / result in / contribute to some problems.
6.However, it’s often blamed for its obvious defects.
7.Everything has two sides. … is no exception.
8.As the proverb goes, every coin has two sides / no garden without its weeds / ever medal has its reverse. … is no exception.
9.However, the negative aspects are also apparent / obvious / evident. To begin with, … To make matters worse, … Worst of all, …
10.The side effects … has exerted on human beings can be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First, … Second, … In addition, …
表明事物利大于弊的常用句式
1.As to me, I think the advantages outweigh / carry more weight than the disadvantages.
2.Anyway, I still believe … has more advantages than disadvantages.
3.But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.
4.The advantages of / derived from … far outweigh / are much greater than the disadvantages / problems … entails.
Assignment
Free Admission to Museum
1 越来越多的博物馆免费开放，目的是什么
2．也会带来一些问题
3．你的看法
阐述主题型论说文
阐述主题型论说文结构模式
●格言成语
揭示蕴意 → 以例证展开论证 → 结论（号召或建议）
●其他
1）一种现象 → 分析其中原因 → 我的看法（前景预测或评价）
2）引出话题 → 我的观点 → 结论
阐述主题型论说文范文解析
范文（一） （CET4 ）
1．为什么“熟能生巧”
2．在英语学习中……
3．如……
It’s well known to everyone that “Practice makes perfect”. This self-evident
proverb means that it doesn’t matter that we cannot do something well at the beginning. So long as we keep on trying and practicing, we’ll succeed one day.
Learning a foreign language is a case in point. In our English study, we may find listening comprehension rather difficult to us. We just cannot make out those words spoken by the foreigners. But if you keep on listening to the radio programs or tapes of English language every day, you will be able to understand what the native speakers say very easily. The same is true of speaking, reading and writing.
Other examples can also be found to justify the proverb. Take cooking for example. If we have no idea in cooking, it doesn’t matter. If we don’t lose heart, and keep practicing every day, we will make delicious food in the end.
Undoubtedly, practice is important to everybody. Remember, the key to success lies in practice.
范文（二） （CET4/6 ）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1．社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品，为什么会有这种现象？
2．举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会的危害。
Nowadays there are countless fake commodities on the market. There are
many reasons for this social phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones.
For one thing, producers can profit a lot by making fake commodities because the cost of producing fake commodities is much lower. For another, businessmen can also profit a lot by selling fake commodities. Perhaps the primary reason is that our legal system is not sound and the punishment of illegal producers and businessmen is not severe.
Fake commodities do great harm to society. In general, the harms can be listed as follows. First, fake commodities damage the consumers’ interests they deserve. If something goes wrong with the fake commodities after consumers buy them, the consumers will not have easy access to various free services provided by the producers. Besides, they also harm the credit of businesses because consumers will distrust the shops which sell genuine commodities. Worst of all, they will bring about potential dangers because using fake commodities of inferior quality will cause accidents and endanger consumers’ lives.
Anyway, it is high time that fake commodities were banned.
引出格言、谚语的常用句式
1. Here is an old saying, … It’s the experience of our forefathers. However, it is correct in many cases even today.
2.One of our ancient philosopher said, … Chinese people have always been holding their idea to be one of their stands of morality.
3.One of the great early writers said that …
举例说明的常用句式
1.…, say / for example / for instance / for one, …
2.Take … for example, …
3.A (good) case in point is …
4.Perhaps the most important / telling / dramatic / striking example of … is …
5.I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of …
6.… is often cited / quoted as a familiar example of …
7.History / This nation / Our society is filled with example of …
8.Suppose that …
9.Legend / Rumor has it that …
事实证明的常用句式
1.No one can deny / doubt / ignore / overlook the fact that …
2.The idea / view / criticism is barely / fully supported by facts.
3.There’s considerable evidence that … / in favor of …
4.The latest surveys / studies / polls conducted by … indicate / reveal / show / prove that …
5.Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence that …
6.One may not forget the old days when …
7.All reliable data / evidence / facts pile(s) up to show / justify (justifies) / point(s) to the view that …
8.Indications are that / evidence is that …
9.As indicated / shown in the statistics, …
10.This has turned out the case.
结论性结尾的常用句式
1.From what have been discussed above, we may come to / reach / draw the conclusion that …
2.Taking into account all the factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that …
3.In summary / In conclusion / In a word / In brief / In short / To sum up / One the whole, it is important that …
4.In summary, I would like to say that … is an issue that deserves immediate attention.
5.Personally / As far as I am concerned / For my part / As for me, I am in favor of the former / the latter.
Assignment
1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3.以你为例下载本文
