暑假专题：被动语态
［教学过程］
一、被动语态的定义
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：We speak English. 句子中主语we是speak（讲）这个动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：English is spoken by them. 句子中主语English是speak（讲）这个动作的承受者，即英语被讲。被动语态相当于汉语的“被”字句。
二、被动语态的构成
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化来体现的。
被动语态的构成是：主语＋be＋动词的过去分词
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的形式变化来表示的。
1、记住下面几种时态的被动语态的构成：
一般现在时：主语＋am/is/are＋过去分词（＋by＋动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
一般过去时：主语＋was/were＋过去分词（＋by＋动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
一般将来时：主语＋will/shall＋be＋过去分词（＋by＋动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
现在进行时：主语＋am/is/are＋being＋过去分词（＋by＋动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
过去进行时：主语＋was/were＋being＋过去分词（＋by＋动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
现在完成时：主语＋have/has＋been＋过去分词（＋by＋动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
2、含有情态动词的被动语态
主语＋情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词（＋by＋动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
三、被动语态的用法
1、怎样确定什么时候该用被动语态？
不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者。
强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
我们在做题时要注意：如果主语能执行这个动作，就用主动语态；主语不能执行动作，反而要被动作去执行，这时就用被动语态。
2、用被动语态要注意两个问题
（1）不管是把主动语态变被动语态还是把被动语态变主动语态都要保持时态一致
（2）在主动语态中make, see, let等省to的在被动语态中要加上to.
3、不能使用被动语态的情况：
（1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：happen, take place, last, cost, change，begin等
（2）当直接宾语是反身代词时，不能用被动语态
连系动词无被动语态，而是用主动形式表示被动意义如：feel, taste, smell, sound, look当物做主语时，动词sell, write, wash, cut等用主动形式表示被动意义，说明主语的性质、特征。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
I. 填空题
1. Computer science_____ (teach) now almost in all universities and institutes.
2. A new kind of space suit_____(make) last December in our factory.
3. In most parts of the world human problems_____(study) at that time.
4. Electricity______(discover) two thousand years ago.
II. 句型转换
1. Was another man-made satellite sent up into space by them last year?
_____ _____ _____ _____ another man-made satellite into space last year?
2. Wang Wei mended the desk.
The desk ____ _____ by Wang Wei.
3. Someone saw him enter the teachers’office.
He ____ _____ ____ ____ the teachers’ office.
4. We heard her sing a song at the party.
She ____ _____ ____ ____ a song at the party.
5. They produce silk in Suzhou.
Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.
6. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.
A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ her by me last week.
7. People use metal for making machines.
Metal ____ ____ for making machines.
8. He made me do that for him.
I ____ ____ ____ ____ that for him.
9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago?
____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?
III. 选择
（ ）1. Thousands of trees on the mountain ______ by the people last spring.
A. planted B. was planted C. were planted D. planting
（ ）2. Chinese _____ by more and more people in the world.
A. is speaking B. spoke C. is spoken D. speaks
（ ）3. ---Did you go to Tom’s party?
---No, I ______.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invited
（ ）4. There was an important meeting last week. Mr. Smith ___to it.
A. invited B. is invited C. was invited D. invites
（ ）5. ---What’s wrong with the boy?
---He ____ by a car yesterday.
A. hit B. hits C. is hit D. was hit
（ ）6. _____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build
（ ）7. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened
C. is happened D. happened
（ ）8. Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
（ ）9. Neither of them ______ in China.
A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made
（ ）10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.
A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn
（ ）11. --When _______ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
（ ）12. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
（ ）13. A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
（ ）14. The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
【试题答案】
I. 1. is taught 2. was made 3. were studied 4. was discovered
II. 1. Did they sent up 2. was mended 3. was seen to enter
4. was heard to sing 5. is produced 6. was sent to
7. is used 8. was made to do 9. Was built
III. 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D
8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D下载本文
