冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点,几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目,不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法,习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。
基本用法
当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种。冠词是一种虚词,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定词,放在名词(或名词化的形容词分词)前面,说明其所指的人或物。
一、定冠词的基本用法:
① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如:Close the window, please.
③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如:the east, the right.
⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first, the tallest.
⑥ 用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick, the wounded.
⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States, the United Nation.
⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths
⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如:play the piano; play the violin.
⑾ 发明物。如:The compass was invented in China.
⑿ 年代名词前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
⒀ 固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
二、不定冠词的基本用法:
① 泛指一个。如:There is a book on the table.
② 指人或事物的某一种类。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
③ 指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a day.(我们一天吃三餐。)
⑤ 表示同样的。如:They are of an age.(他们是同岁。)
⑥ 表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.
⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand译"帮手")
⑧ 固定搭配。如:A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与…交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧)), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒).
三、不用冠词的情况:
① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如:Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)
② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如:We are studying English.
③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:She likes spring most.
⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如:What shall I do next, Mother?
⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如:What did you have for lunch?
⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如:She is fond of playing basketball.
⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩对肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning till night(从早到晚)等。
四.注意:冠词与抽象名词连用,抽象名词具体化,表示“一场,一次,一件”等意思,如:a pleasure, a surprise, a joy, a pity, an honor, a knowledge of , a success等
五. 用冠词与不用冠词的差异
在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,使用时要特别注意。
| at table | 进餐 | at the table | 在桌子旁 |
| in hospital | 住院 | in the hospital | 在医院里 |
| by sea | 乘船(由海路) | by the sea | 在海边 |
| go to sea | 当水手 | go to the sea | 去海边 |
| in future | 从今以后,将来 | in the future | 未来 |
| on earth | 究竟 | on the earth | 在地球上,在世上 |
| go to school | 上学 | Go to the school | 到学校去 |
| in front of | 在…(外部的)前面 | in the front of | 在…(内部的)前面 |
| on horseback | 骑着马 | on the horseback | 在马背上 |
| take place | 发生 | take the place of | 代替 |
| two of us | 我们当中的两人 | the two of us | 我们两人(共计两人) |
| out of question | 毫无疑问,一定 | out of the question | 不可能 |
| on the whole = in general | 大体上,一般地 | as a whole = altogether | 全部地,整体 |
| A most important meeting | 一个重要的会议 | The most important meeting | 最重要的会议 |
| A third time | 又一次 | the third time | 第三次 |
| at a distance | 稍远一些 | in the distance | 在远处 |
| A number of | 许多 | the number of | …的数目 |
| for a moment | 一会儿 | for the moment | 目前,暂时 |
| be in charge of | 负责… | be in the charge of | 负责,在…掌管之下 |
| by day | 在白天 | by the day | 按日计算 |
| in possession of | 拥有 | in the possession of | 为…所有 |
| in sight of | 能看见 | in the sight of | 据…的见解 |
| in place of | 代替 | in the place of | 在…的地方 |
| be of age | 成年 | be of an age | 同龄 |
| take advice | 征求意见 | take the advice | 听从劝告 |
| He is still in office. | 他仍在执政 | He is still in the office. | 他仍在办公室里 |
1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation(交通设施).
A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a
2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.
A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a
3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.
A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a
4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.
A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The
5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every
8. He was absent because he had caught ____.
A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold
9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a
10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.
A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a
11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.
A. a B. the C. another D. other
12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.
A. first B. a first C. second D. the second
13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a
14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.
A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995
15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the
16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a
17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s
18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller
19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.
A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano
20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.
A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead
21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.
A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the
22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.
A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /
23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.
A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the
24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /
25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?
A. man B. the man C. a man D. men
26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./
27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That
28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.
A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a
29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a
30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.
A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day
31.. ---You mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him.
A. other B. the C. / D. a
32. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?
A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the
33. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.
---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.
A. a, a B. the, a C. /, / D. /, a
34. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.
A. a,/, the B. a,/, / C. the, the, the D. the, an, an
35. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.
A. the, the B. the, / C. the, a D. /, a下载本文