1.apply
（1）apply vi.申请，请求。常见搭配：
apply（to......）for......（向......）申请......
apply to do sth.申请做某事
A number of students apply for the job.许多学生申请这份工作。
He applied to two universities and was accepted by both of them.
他申请了两所大学，而且都被录取了。
He has applied to join the army.他已申请参军。
（2）vi.适用，适合。常见搭配：
applied to......适用于......（to为介词）
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全即使的规则适用于每一个人。
（3）vt.手压，脚踩
She did not apply the brakes quickly enough.她刹车踩得不够快。
（4）vt.应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作。常见搭配：
apply sth. to sth.把某物应用于......
be applied to......应用于......
apply oneself/sth. to（doing）sth.致力于/专心于（做某事）
We should apply new words to oral English and writing.
我们应该把新单词应用到英语口语和写作中去。
The new technology has been applied to medical examination.这项新技术已应用于医学检验。
We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题得办法。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累：application n.申请；申请表；应用 applicant n.申请人
2.Arrangement
（1）n.【C】安排，筹备（通常用复数形式）。常见搭配：
make an arrangement/arrangements（for）（为......）做安排
We have made arrangements for our vacation.我们已经为假期做了安排。
（2）n.【C】布置；安排方式
The arrangement of the furniture in our new house took a long time.
我们新房里的家具布置花了很长时间。
She is satisfied with her unusual living arrangements.
她对自己不同寻常的生活安排方式感到满意。
（3）n.【C，U】商定，约定。常见搭配：
arrive at/come to/conclude an arrangement 谈妥，达成协议
We can come to an arrangement over the price.我们可以就价钱问题达成一项协议。
归纳拓展
arrange v. 安排，筹备；整理，布置 arrange to do sth.安排做某事
arrange for sth. 安排某物 arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事（不可省略to）
It’s not necessary for parents to arrange everything for their children.
父母没有必要为孩子安排一切。
I’ve arranged to see her tonight.我已安排今晚同她见面。
He has arranged for me to attend the meeting.他已安排我去参加会议。
3.be wrong about
be wrong about 出错，搞错，弄错
The fact proves that we were all wrong about them.事实证明，我们都误解他们了。
归纳拓展
与wrong相关的其他常见搭配：
There is something wrong with sb./sth.默认/物除了毛病（不正常）
It is wrong of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是不对的。
What’s wrong with sb./sth.？某人/物怎么了？
go wrong 犯错误；发生故障
4.Narrow
（1）adj.下站的，狭隘的。常构成复合形容词：narrow-minded气量小的，小心眼的。
The bridge is too narrow for the cars to pass.这座桥太窄了，汽车无法通过。
He is a person who is narrow-minded.他是一个心胸狭隘的人。
（2）adj.勉强的，刚刚好的。常见搭配：
a narrow escape 九死一生，死里逃生 a narrow victory 险胜
a narrow majority 微弱多数
He had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.车在冰上打滑，他死里逃生。
She was elected by a narrow majority.她以微弱多数当选。
（3）v.使窄小；缩小；变窄。常见搭配：
narrow sth. down（to......）/narrow down sth.（to......）把某物缩小（到......）
We should narrow down the difference between town and countryside.我们应缩小城乡差距。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累：
narrowness n.狭窄；狭隘 narrowly adv.勉强地，以毫厘之差；狭隘地
5.take control of
take control of 控制；支配；操纵
By setting goals you are taking control of your life.通过设定目标，你可以掌控你的生活。
归纳拓展
get/lose control over......对......控制/失去控制
gain control over oneself 克制住自己 out of control 不受控制
beyond control 无法控制 under control 被控制住
The situation is now beyond our control.现在的形式我们已无法控制。
I was a bit out of control myself.我自己也有点失控。
Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out control，so I went in.
大家都怕得不敢进去，因为火势已经失去了控制，所以我进去了。
The fire was under control.火势已经得到控制。
6.recognize
（1）vt.辨别出，认出，认识。常见搭配：
recognize one’s voice 听出某人得声音 recognize sb./sth. by......通过......认出某人/某物
The moment I answered the phone，I recognized his voice.我一接电话就听出了他的声音。
I recognized him by his red hair.我通过他的红头发认出了他。
（2）vt.意识到，承认；认可，接受，赞成。常见搭配：
recognize that/what/how从句 意识到/承认......
recognize......as/to be......承认/认为......是......
be recognized as......被认为是......，被公认为......
It is recognized that......人们意识到......
我们都承认他是一位英明的领导者。
We all recognized that he was a wise leader.
We all recognized him to be a wise leader.
He was recognized him as a wise leader.
He was recognized as a wise leader by us all.
It was recognized that time was too limited.人们意识到时间十分有限。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累：
（1）recognizable adj.容易认出的，易于认识的
（2）recognition n.认识，认出；认可
beyond/out of recognition 变得认不出来
7.accommodation
accommodation n.住所；住宿
provide accommodations for......为......提供住宿
The small hotel gives comfortable accommodations，including bedding，cushions，armchairs and other things.这家小旅馆提供舒适的住宿，包括床上用品，靠垫，扶手椅和其他的物品。
He accompanied us to the place of interest and provided accommodations for us.
他陪我们去了那个旅游景点，还为我们提供了住宿。
归纳拓展
accommodate v.为......提供住宿/空间；适应；（房间，建筑物等）容纳
accommodate/adapt（oneself）to......适应......；使......适应......
This hotel can accommodate 500 guests.这家旅馆可供500位来宾住。
It took her eyes a while to accommodate to the darkness.过了一会儿， 她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
We must accommodate ourselves to new circumstances.我们必须适应新的环境。
8.Unique
（1）adj.独特的，罕见的
In general，everyone has his own unique character.一般来说，每个人都有自己独特的个性。
The application of the network is unique in this small mountain village.
在这个小山村里，网络的应用是罕见的。
（2）adj.唯一的，独一无二的
Everyone’s fingerprints are unique.每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
He lost the unique chance of clearing up the misunderstanding between them.
他失去了唯一的一次消除他们之间误会的机会。
（3）adj.（某人，某地或某事物）独具的，特有的。常见搭配：
be unique to......为......所特有的；为......所特有的
The koala is unique to Australia.树袋熊是澳大利亚所特有的。
误区警示
unique表示“唯一的，独一无二的”时，不与more，most，very，rather等表示程度的副词连用；但当表示“独特的”时，可与这些副词连用。
9.other than
other than 除了
I don’t know any French people other than you.除了你，我不认识别的法国人。
We are going away in June but other than that I’ll be here all summer.
我们六月份外出，除此之外，我的整个夏天都会在这。
归纳拓展
表示“除了”的词语还有：but，except，besides，apart from
易混淆词语
rather than 而不是
10.be made up of
be made up of “由......构成/组成”，其用法为：
（1）其主语为表示整体的人或事物，即整体由部分组成。
（2）be made up of的同义短语有：be composed of，consist of（不用于被动语态）。
（3）其主动形式make up翻译为“形成，构成”，其主语为表示部分的人或事物，即部分构成整体。
这只医疗队由三名医生和七名护士组大亨
The medical team is made up of three doctors and seven nurses.
The medical team is composed of three doctors and seven nurses.
The medical team consists of three doctors and seven nurses.
Three doctors and seven nurses make up the medical team.
归纳拓展
make up构成，形成；化妆；编造 make up for 弥补，补偿
make out 辨认清楚；理解，明白 make use of 利用
make up one’s mind 下定决心 make the most of 充分利用
make sense 有意义，讲得通 make it 获得成功；度过难关
语境串记
I always found it hard to make out what the math teacher taught in class，and I didn't make up my mind to make a change to make use of my leisure time to make up for it until I received an“F”.我总是觉得课堂上听懂数学老师教的内容很难，直到得了一个“F”我才下定决心要作出改变，利用空闲时间去弥补。
11.admire
admire vt.赞赏；钦佩；仰慕；欣赏
搭配：admire sb. for sth.因某事钦佩某人
Stop looking in the mirror admiring yourself！别再照镜子自我欣赏了！
The young man is energetic，humorous and attractive，so he is admired by girls.
那个小伙子充满活力，幽默又有美丽，因而受到女孩子们的仰慕。
We all admire the musician for his talent.我们都很钦佩那位音乐家的才华。
The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校的教学质量远近称誉。
归纳拓展
admirer n.赞赏者；爱慕者；追求者 admirably adv.令人钦佩地 in admiration 赞赏地；钦佩地
admirable adj.令人羡慕的；可钦佩的 admiration n.钦佩；赞赏 have admiration for 赞赏；钦佩
He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.
他注意到荷马在两千年后仍然受人敬仰。
12.......contact us......联系我们......
（1）vt.&vi.（使）接触；（与......）联系
He contacted us as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.他一道上海就和我们联系了。
For further details，please contact our local office.详情请联系我们当地的分支机构。
（2）n.【U】接触；联系
I never had any personal contact with him.我与他没有任何私人交往。
归纳拓展
in contact with......与......联系 out of contact with......与......失去联系
Lose contact with......与......失去联系 get into contact with......与......取得联系
Have you been in contact with the student help services？你联系学生服务处了吗？
The Internet helps me to keep in contact with my friends.互联网有助于我与朋友们保持联系。
I was out of contact with Mary.我和玛丽失去联系了。
重点句型
13.with的符合结构
with的符合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”结构，在居中常做定语或者状语，做宾补的可以是现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式，介词短语，形容词，副词等。其常见形式如下：
（1）with+名词/代词+现在分词
The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes looking at the blackboard.
学生们看者黑板，听老师讲课。（伴随状语）
（2）with+名词/代词+过去分词
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.理发后，他看起来年轻多了。（原因状语）
（3）with+名词/代词+动词不定式
With a lot of work to do，he wasn’t allowed to go out.因为很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。（原因状语）
（4）with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语
The old man fell asleep with the light on.这个老人开着灯睡着了。（伴随状语）
特别提醒
with 的符合结构的难点在于现在分词，过去分词和动词不定式做宾语补足语的区别。现在分词做宾语补足语表示主动或者正在进行的动作；过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动或已完成的动作；动词不定式作宾语补足语表示将要发生的动作。值得注意的是，宾语补足语不能用现在分词的完成式。
With all the work having been finished，he went home happily. 错的
With all the work finished，he went home happily.对的
14.强调句型
I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.昨天我在火车站遇到李明。
若用强调句型改写，则为：
（1）强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
（2）强调宾语：It was Li Ming that/whom I met at the railway station yesterday.
（3）强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
（4）强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
注意：
（1）强调状语时，只能用that而不能用where/when/why等；强调人时，可以用that/who（主语）/whom（宾语）。
（2）原句的时态是一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，用“It was......”；其他时态用“It is......”。
（3）强调句型的判断：去掉“It is/was......that/who”结构不会对句子结构的完整性有影响。
It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand.
那是一个炎热的夏季的一天，我汗津津的手里攥着亿美元正沿着街道奔跑。
15.“表语+连系动词+主语”形式的倒装
为了保持句子平衡（主语很长），或为了强调表语，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子采用“表语+连系动词+主语”的倒装结构。该结构有以下几种形式：
（1）形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster，the English teacher，and the students’ parents.
出席会议的有校长，英语老师和学生的父母。
（2）副词/介词短语+连系动词+主语
Inside of the box is his favorite collection of stamps.盒子里是他最喜欢的邮票集。
On both sides of the road are beautiful flowers.路的两边是美丽的花。
（3）过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
Buried in the sand was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄被掩埋在者沙土之中。
（4）现在分词+连系动词+主语
Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower dating back to hundreds of years ago.
山顶矗立着一座建于几百年前的古塔。
特别提醒
在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语的数应与其后的主语的数保持一致。试比较：
In the box was a cat.箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats.箱子里是一些猫。
16.现在分词作伴随状语
现在分词表示主动，所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作是同时或者几乎同时发生的。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的补充说明。现在分词作伴随状语的具体用法如下:
（1）现在分词作伴随状语时其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
（2）现在分词所表示的动作是伴随着句子谓语动词表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的零个，较次要的动作。
（3）现在分词作伴随状语时可以谓语句首或者句末。
（4）现在分词作伴随状语时没有相应的状语从句可以与之转换，但可以转换为相应的并列句。
He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》
She came into the house，carrying a lot of books.=She came into the house，and carried a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房子。
He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.（=He lay on the grass，and stared at the sky for along time）他躺在草地上，长时间地凝视填空。
17.现在分词（短语）作定语
（1）位置：单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
（2）形式：现在分词作定语有doing和being done 两种形式，一般不用having done 形式。
（3）意义：doing表示主动且动作正在进行或现在（当时）的状态。being done表示被动且动作正在进行。
（4）扩展成句：现在分词短语作后置定语时可以可扩展成定语从句。
Don’t wake up the sleeping child.=Don’t wake up the child who is sleeping.
不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。
The house being built here belongs to John.=The house which is being built here belongs to John.
这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.=The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.正和校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。
辨析比较 过去分词，现在分词以及不定式做定语时区别
| 语法 | 形式 | 语态及时间意义 |
| 过去分词做定语 | done | 表示被动或动作已经完成。The problem discussed yesterday at the meeting was very important.昨天会上讨论的问题非常重要。 |
| 现在分词做定语 | doing | 表示主动且动作正在进行或现在（当时）的状态。They lived in a room facing the sea.他们住在一个面朝大海的房间里。 |
| being done | 表示被动且动作正在进行。The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 | |
| 不定式做定语 | to do | 表示主动且动作将要发生。The man to help us is John.将要来帮助我们的人是约翰。 |
| to be done | 表示被动且动作将要发生。The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 |
as 引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着......，当......时”，强调主从句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
As she grew older she gained in confidence.随着年龄的增长，她越来越有信心了。
He entered the room as the meeting was going on.正当开会的时候，他走进了房间。
特别提醒
as意为“随着......”时，意思与with 相同，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。试比较：随着时间的流逝，他的记忆力似乎越来越差了。
As time goes by,his memory seems to get worse.
With time going by，his memory seems to get worse.
（1）Due to the____________(apply)of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
（2）We should apply theory______________practice;otherwise,it is no use.
（3）I’m writing to apply_______________the position as a volunteer.
（4）After knocking politely at the door，the__________________(apply)entered the office of the general manager.
（1）Our college is to make______________（arrange）for the meeting.
（2）The doctors are making__________________(arrange)for surgery at the present time.
（3）Wherever______________have lessons,his parents would return quietly after a while to see whether he behaved well or not.
（1）You___________________(误解)Jack.He didn’t tell a lie.
（2）_________________________(你是不对的)to frighten the little boy yesterday.
（3）He also understood that he might even____________(错估)today’s value.
（1）I congratulated him on___________________________(死里逃生).
（2）The final score of the basketball match was （3：94.We had______________(险胜).
（3）Parents and children should communicate more to_______________(缩小代沟）between them so that they can understand each other better.
（1）--你需要帮忙吗？--不用，已经搞定了。谢谢！
--Do you need any help？--No.It’s___________,thanks!
（2）汽车失控打转，撞到了树上。The car spun_______________and hit a tree.
（3）她是一个优秀的教师，能够掌控课堂纪律。
She is a good teacher who can_________________her class.
（4）学生被孤立要自己安排学习，而不只是依赖老师。
Students are encouraged to_________________their own learning，rather than just depending on the teacher.
（1）We hadn’t seen each other for thirty years,but I recognized her right away.
（2）The world Health Organization has recognized alcoholism（酗酒）as a disease since 1951.
（3）______________________（人们意识到）the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.
（4）______________________（认不出来）since I was here last.
（5）William Shakespeare______________________（被公认为）one of the greatest writers in the world.
（1）If you have rooms to rent，we are looking for households who can________________short-term or long-term______________________（为......提供住宿）our students.
（2）Wherever he goes，he is able to readily______________________（适应新环境）.
（3）After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide_______________（accommodate）for the homeless families.
（4）I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s ______________________（accommodate）.
（5）Five hundred people in all will come here.Is the hotel big enough______________________（accommodate）them？
（1）It’s___________ ___________ ___________（一个难得的机会）to listen to such a famous professor’s speech in our city.
（2）This monkey___________ ___________ ___________（为......所独有的）the island.
（3）When you get to New York，you can experience an atmosphere that___________ ___________ ___________（为......所特有的）it.
（4）The young man___________ ___________ ___________ ___________（作定一份独特的计划）for his practising English.
（5）The city has an atmosphere which___________ ___________ ___________（十分独特）.
1.我没有别的方法，只好等待。
（1）I have nothing to do______________________.
（2）I have nothing to do______________________.
2.除了保罗，还有谁缺课了？
（1）Who else were absent from class______________________？
（2）Who else were absent from class______________________？
1.这部小说共分12章。（chapter）
（1）__________________________________________________________________
（2）__________________________________________________________________
（3）__________________________________________________________________
2.Yesterday，he_______________________（编造）an excuse about his daughter being sick.
3.Facing two offers,I haven’t__________________________（下定决心）about which to choose.
4.We should______________________（利用）our talent to make smart choices in our life.
5.I think the sentence doesn’t_________________________________(讲得通)；you’d better think it over and correct it.
1.-What was she doing when you came in？-She______________________（admire）the view form the window.
2.His devotion to the work earned him respect and___________________________（admire）.
3.Dad，would you please allow me another five minutes______________________（admire）your new watch？
4.飞行员与控制塔失去了联系。The pilot_________________________________the control tower.
5.昨天我与一位三十多钱得学生取得了联系。I_________________________________a student who was in my class over thirty years ago.
6.尽管我们相隔很远，我与安一直保持联系。
Although we are far from each other，I_________________________________Ann.
1.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog_________________（follow）them.
2.With prices___________（go）up so fast，we can’t afford luxuries.
3.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes______________________（fix）on the ceiling.
4.I like to sleep with the windows______________________（open）.
5.I send you 100 dollars today，with the rest______________________（follow）in a year.
1._________________________________（有许多的作业要做），I decided not to watch the performance with you.
2._________________________________（所有庄稼收割完毕后），people held a party in celebration of it.
1.It was when I got back to my apartment____________I first came across my new neighbors.
2.It is not who is right but what is right___________is of importance.
3.It was for this reason___________her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
4.It was when we were returning home_________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
1.Inside the room___________two boys playing hide-and-seek.
2.Among them___________my friend Jim.
3.改倒装句
（1）A few high buildings stand inside our school.
____________________________________________a few high buildings.
（2）A group of young people are seated on the ground.
_____________________________________________a group of young people.
1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，___________（allow）more patients to be treated.
2.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，___________（turn）the old town into a dreamland.
3.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom window，___________（make）air conditioning unnecessary.
4.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way___________（use）the sun and the stars.
1.Last night，there were millions of people，___________（enjoy）the opening ceremony live on TV.
2.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800是，people___________（live）in remote areas began to use windmills to produce electricity.
3.Listen！The song___________（sing）is very popular with the students.
4.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time______________________（spend）with his students.
5.Do you know the woman____________（sit）beside the magician___________（name）Liu Qian？
6.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train___________（catch）.
7.用hold的适当形式填空
（1）The meeting___________tomorrow is of great importance.
（2）The meeting______________________now is of great importance.
（3）The meeting___________yesterday was of great importance.
1.___________my mother sang those old songs，tears ran down her cheeks.
2.With so many people________________________（communicate）by sending e-mails every day，it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of the Internet.
3.He sailed through the waves some 75 miles from land，Alva put his two-mile-long fishing line into the water.
4.一句多翻译：随着故事的发展，关于这个神秘人物的真实情况慢慢地被发现。
（1）_________________________________，the truth about the mysterious figure is slowly discovered.（as）
（2）_________________________________，the truth about the mysterious figure is slowly discovered.（with）下载本文
