目录
第一部分 了解职称英语 ..................................................................................................................... 3
一、概述 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
二、评价目标 .............................................................................................................................. 3
三、考试内容与试卷结构 .......................................................................................................... 5
四、命题原则 .............................................................................................................................. 6
五、答题及计分方法 .................................................................................................................. 7
第二部分 答题技巧 ............................................................................................................................. 8
一、词汇选项 .............................................................................................................................. 8
二、阅读判断 ............................................................................................................................ 10
三、概况大意与完成句子 ........................................................................................................ 10
四、阅读理解 ............................................................................................................................ 12
五、补全短文 ............................................................................................................................ 13
六、完形填空 ............................................................................................................................ 13
第三部分 2013年新增文章 .............................................................................................................. 15
2013年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目（ABC类） ................................................................ 15
阅读理解新增文章 .................................................................................................................... 17
第十一篇 ............................................................................................................................ 17
第十九篇 ............................................................................................................................ 19
+第四十八篇 ...................................................................................................................... 22
完形填空新增文章 .......................................................................................................
............. 25
第三篇 ............................................................................................................................... 25
第八篇 ............................................................................................................................... 28
+第十三篇 .......................................................................................................................... 31
第四部分 2013年真题 ...................................................................................................................... 36
2013年职业英语（理工类）A级考试真题 ............................................................................ 37 \f
2013年职业英语（理工类）B级考试真题 ............................................................................ 55
2013年职业英语（理工类）C级考试真题 ............................................................................ 70
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第一部分 了解职称英语
一、概述
总述：全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考
试。
综合类
专业类别
理工类
卫生类
注：三类考试的共同点和不同点：每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专
业英语题目各占50%。对于类别的区分意义不大，原则上考生报综合、理工、卫生的任何一
类都是可以的，考生可结合自身情况及单位规定进行报考。在正式考试中，50%的题都是一
样的。
A级
B级
等级
C级
总分：100分
考试时间：120分钟
注：参加考试的考生允许带一本普通的英语字典进入考场。建议参加C级和B
级考试的考生可以使用《牛津英汉双解词典（中级）》，参加A级考试的考生适用
《牛津英汉双解词典（高级）》，还可以同时考虑准备一本《牛津英语同义词词
典》。
二、评价目标
总目标：
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A级
B级
C级
2小时内
3000词
2200词
2600词
能正确理解
所读材料的
内容
要求：
（一）词汇量
词汇量
A级
C级
B级
6000词和短语
5000词和短语
4000词和短语
注：可以主要掌握2000个左右的核心单词和短语结构。实际考试中出现的超纲词一般
都会给出中文注释。
（二）语法知识
语法知识
句子的基本语序及其意义
时、体的形式及其意义
句子的结构和常用句型
从句的构成及其意义
句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意
注：不直接考查语法，对基本语法的考查融入到各类考题中，进行间接考查。
（三）阅读理解能力
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阅读能力
主
旨和大意
猜测词汇和短语的意义
理解句子和上下文之间的意义关
判断和推论
事实和细节
作者的观点和意图
三、考试内容与试卷结构
总述：A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量
相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难以程度不同。
考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。
阅读理解
概括大
意与完
成句子
阅读判断7%
词汇选项15%
完形填空
补全短文
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试卷结构及考查目的（总题量65题，满分100分）
题型
材料类型
答题要求
考查目的
题量
分值
第一部分
词汇选项
（四选一）
15个句子
给出15个句子，每个句子
中均有1个词或短语划有
底横线，要求应试者从所
给的4个选项中选择1个
与划线部分意义最相近的
词或短语。
在一定语境下理
解单词或短语的
意义。
15
15
第二部分
阅读判断
（三选一）
1篇短文
（300～450词）
给出7句话，要求应试者
根据文章内容做出判断
（正、误、没有直接或间
接提到）。
识别和判断文章
信息。
7
7
第三部分
概括大意与完
成句子
(选择搭配)
1篇短文
（300～450词）
分两部分：
1.概况大意（6选4）；
2.完成句子（6选4）。
抓大意，掌握细
节。
8
8
第四部分
阅读理解
（四选一）
3篇短文
（各300～450词）
每篇短文后有5道题，每
道题后面有4个选项，要
求应试者从中选择1个最
佳答案。
抓主旨，掌握细
节，做出判断。
15
45
第五部分
补全短文
（选择搭配）
1篇短文
（300～450词）
短文中有5处空白，要求
应试者通读短文并将移出
的部分重新放回短文的相
应位置（6选5）。
把握文章结构、
作者思路。
5
10
第六部分
完形填空
（四选一）
1篇短文
（300～450词）
短文中有15处空白，每处
空白给出4个选项，要求
应试者从中选出1个最佳
答案。
正确理解文章内
容。
15
15
注：A级考题中每篇文章长度为350～450词左右；
B级考题中每篇文章长度为300～450词左右；
C级考题中每篇文章长度为250～400词左右。
四、命题原则
（一）合理安排测试项目的层次结构。
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（二）合理安排测试项目的难度结构。
五、答题及计分方法
答题：
1. 均采用客观性试题；
2. 在答题卡上作答；
3. 每题只选择一个答案；
计分方法：
只计算答对题的数目，答错不倒扣分。
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第二部分 答题技巧
一、词汇选项
1. 题型及命题方式
题型：给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给
的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
命题方式：
命题方式
主要考查
次要考查
对大纲指定的词汇的认知，包括动
词、形容词、名词、副词及短语。
1.构词法
2.同义词、近义词辨析
3.易混淆词汇辨异
4.借助语境判断划线词/短语含义的能
2. 做题技巧
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构词法
合成法
派生法
转换法
两个或两个以上的词一起出
现，合成一个新词的方法。
在一个词干（或词根）前或
后加上一个词级（前缀或后
缀）以构成一个新词的方
不给单词添加任何前后缀，
使单词从一种词性变为另一
种词性的方法。
afternoon=
after+noon
bi –“两
个”：bicycle
两轮车/自行
book(n.书) –
book (v. 预定)
1）借助单词构词法记忆单词
2）借助单词读音与拼写之间的关系记忆单词
英语单词中的一些字面组合有其通常对应的读音，因此通过记住单词的读音也就能“联
想”起该单词的字母组合形式，借助单词的读音记忆单词是学习和记忆单词的基本方法。
元音字母组合：
ai/ei/ wait paint oo /u/ book foot good
辅音组合：
tr/tr/ tree train truck dr /dr/ dress drive
3）联想记忆法
记忆英语单词时展开联想，使某一英语单词的拼写，读音或词义与你所熟悉的生活经
历，你的知识或与你已经掌握的其他单词发生关系，从而形成对单词的形象记忆，如：
man （男人）——woman (女人)
联想：妇女除了上班以外，还得做家务，所以妇女要做的工作比男人要做的工作多，因
此需要在man的前面再加上wo(rk)。
对比：adapt （使适应，改编）/ adopt （采用，收养）
这两个单词的拼写的差别在第3个字母上，adapt的第三个字母是a, adopt 的第3个字
母是o。
联想：要“适应”一个新的环境，需要从头做起，a 这个排列在字母表中的第一个字母
就是英语字母的“头”，所以“使适应，改编”所对应的单词拼写应该是adapt；“采用，
收养”应该是adopt。
3. 实例验证
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理工类2007年B级考题
They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.
A. possibility B. necessity C. ability D. probability
解析：被选项A和 D互为近义词，都可以表示“可能性”，因此首先排除掉。划线词是
派生词：capabl(e)（能干的，有可能的）+ity（性质），词义为“（实际）能力，容量”，
Necessity【necess(ary)+ity（性质）】是“必要性
，必需品”。 因此C（能力）是答案。
二、阅读判断
1. 题型及命题方式
题型：给出一篇300～450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子（以下称判断句），有的句
子提供的是正确的信息，有的句子提供的是错误的信息，有的句子提供的信息在原文中并未
直接或间接提及，要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
命题方式：阅读判断题考查应试者判断识别文章所提供的信息的能力，其中既包括文章
中明示的信息，也包括需要考生推断的隐含信息。该题主要考核应试者的细节信息的查找与
确认能力、推断能力、上下文意义关系理解能力、近义结构识别能力、主旨大意概括能力。
2. 做题技巧
第一、阅读判断句，确定句子中的关键词，然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段
落。
第二、判断，阅读理解分析后确定正确答案。
3. 实例验证
理工类2007年C、B级考题（Black Holes）
判断句为：Black holes are part of space.
解析：关键词为a part of the space (太空的一部分)。依据此关键词，可在文中第一段找
到相关语句：A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a
sphere (在宇宙中，黑洞并不是像行星一样实心的固体，而是像球体一样)。由此可以看出，
黑洞不是存在的一个实心结构的行星，而是宇宙太空的一部分。由此作为判断的依据，
故此题为“正确”的。
三、概况大意与完成句子
1. 题型及命题方式
题型：本部分为一篇300～450词的短文，有两项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，
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要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；(2)短文后有4个不
完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。不同于传
统的阅读理解简答题，这两种题型都不需要考生写出问题的答案，而是给出了几个选项，让考生
从中选择搭配。
命题方式：该题型的考查目的是抓大意、掌握细节，从宏观和微观两个角度全面考查阅读
技能。其中概括大意主要考查考生归纳段落主题思想的能力；完成句子主要考查考生掌握短文细
节内容的能力。考生在解答这类题目时，既要学会抓住中心大意，找出关键词，又要能够运用多
种阅读技巧，把握文章的重要事实和细节。
2. 做题技巧
（1）概括大意解题技巧
A. 找段落主题句
B. 确立小标题
（2）完成句子解题技巧
A. 找出题目中的关键词，定位到原文中具体段落
B. 快速阅读选定段落，确定正确答案
3. 实例验证
（1）概括大意
理工类2008年C级（What Do Drea
ms Tell Us）
第二段： We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists
believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events are usually
very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand，our wishes，
hopes and fears, may go back many years, even to early childhood.
第二段的第一句为主题句，意为：我们现在不相信梦能预测未来，E项Dreams cannot
foretell the future（梦不能预测未来）与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
（2）完成句子
第一段：Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have
troubled man for thousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is
Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece，it was thought that people who were ill
could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would
tell them what they meant, and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese
believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear，she would have a son, and if she dreamed
of a snake，she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling（预言）
the future.
27. The ancient Greeks believed that their could be cured by telling their dreams.
解析：关键词是ill。然后找到关键词所在的句子或段落，即：“在古希腊，人们认为生病
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的人可以通过讲述他们所作的梦而治愈”， E项中的“diseases（疾病）”与原句意思相符，
故选E
四、阅读理解
1. 题型及命题方式
题型：本部分为三篇300～450词的短文，每篇文章后有5道题，要求应试者根据文章的内
容，从每道题所给的4个选项中选出1个最佳答案。文章题材广泛，包括人物传记、社会、文
化、日常知识、科普常识等，所涉及的背景知识学生一般都可以理解。文章体裁多样，包括叙述
文、说明文、议论文等，语言难度及词汇量符合大纲规定的范围，对于超纲的词汇均会标出汉语
意思。
命题方式：考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。考核题型常设计为文章主旨
题、事实细节题、推理判断题、归纳总结题和猜测词义题。
2. 做题技巧
（1）掌握文章的主旨和大意
（2）了解阐述主旨的事实和细节
（3）根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义
（4）理解个别句子的意义以及上下文的逻辑关系
（5）对文章进行判断、推理和引申，领会作者观点和意图
3. 实例验证
理工类2007年C级（Motoring Technology）
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car
crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels – though some electric vehicle and
biofuel research aims at going faster.
31.To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard to
A.design fully automatic cars.
B.develop faster electric vehicles.
C.analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.
D.improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.
解析：
31. D 题意：为了降低撞车率，许多科学家正努力提高车的安全性和开发新燃料。
第一段第二句提到“为了降低撞车率，现在很多研究都把注意力集中在安全性和新燃料
上”，故选D。
要做好上面这道题，考生需了解阐述主旨的事实和细节，即文中划线部分。
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五、补全短文
1. 题型及命题方式
题型：补全短文为一篇300～450词的短语，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组句子，
其中5组取自文章自身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以
恢复文章原貌。
命题方式：补全短文题旨在考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力，分析判断
能力和阅读理解能力。这种题型对应试者的阅读能力很高，同时也注重对基础知识，如句法
和词汇知识的考查。应试者要能够从宏观的角度把握文章的内容和结构，在具体段落中搞清
文章的前后逻辑关系，从语篇的角度搞清楚文章的脉络，吃透文章的意思，运用常见的语篇
衔接手段补全语句。
2. 做题技巧
应试者在做补全对话时可以遵循以下步骤：
(1) 先看空格处两端的邻居，判断该空格处需要什么样的语法结构，从而借助搭配结构
从语法上筛选答案。
(2) 再看空格处两端的邻居（主要是空格前的邻居），从而借助语义筛选答案。
(3) 有必要时，再看全句，甚至周围的句群的语义。
做到以上几点，就要求应试者首先要通读全文，掌握文章的中心思想，了解文章的大
概内容。并且了解每道题的测试目的，也就是了解该题要考词汇，句法还是逻辑，常识。确
定解题重点。回答完毕时，应再次通读全文，查错补漏。
3. 实例验证
理工类2008年C级（Canada Ikea: What a Great Place to Shop）
There are many different stores that people go to in order to buy various household goods.
_____(56) The Canada Ikea is not confined to one city alone in that country. Instead you will find
there are many different branches spread out in many different localities.
E. One such store that you can find in many different countries including that of Canada is
that of the Ikea(宜家) chain of stores.
解析：56. E 句意：在包括加拿大在内的许多不同国家，宜家就是这样一个连锁家具
店。空白处前一句话提到，人们买家具需要去不同的商店，空白处后面的内容是关于加拿大
宜家的具体情况，由此可推断空
白处是一个介绍宜家家具店的句子，故选E。
六、完形填空
1. 题型及命题方式
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题型：完形填空为一篇300～450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给了4个选
项，要求应试者根据根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
命题原则：考查考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解基础上
对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力。
2. 做题技巧
（1）细读标题和首句，推测全文
（2）通读全文，把握大意
（3）逐题斟酌，初选答案
（4）重读原文，核对答案
3. 实例验证
理工类2007年C级（An Intelligent Car）
Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination（协调）between hands
and the brain. Many human drivers have all ___（51）and can control a fast-moving car. But how
does an intelligent car control itself? h
51. A. these B. them C. t is D. that
51. A 本题考查指示代词。第一段第一句中提到 sharp eyes, keen ears等，故应该用指示代词
的复数形式these, 而this, that是单数形式，不能选C、D项。all them不符合英语表达习
惯，也不能选B项，故选A。
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第三部分 2013年理工类新增文章
08-12年B类阅读.PNG
如图可知：
2008-2012年，每年B类新增均有2篇阅读，在新增中选一篇作为阅读真题。
2013年情况突变没有B类新增。以往5年，由于均有新增B类没有考过C类文，大纲
要求B类涉及B和C类。
根据过去5年的出题经验，不变的题序常不变，变得就常变，一些题目多年不变再哪来
当真题显得不伦不类，4年以上应该不必再考虑了。
新增文章篇目（ABC级）
阅读理解（3篇）
第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience
+第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
\f
完形填空（3篇）
第三篇：Giant Structures
第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
+第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
注：
1、+表示A级文章；*表示B级文章；其他为C级文章；
2、2013年词汇部分、大纲与2012年相比未作任何变化 。
\f
阅读理解新增文章
第十一篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口
Our senses aren’t just delivering strict view of what’s going on in the world； they’re
affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry 饥饿的people
see food-related与食物相关的words more clearly 清晰地,真切地than people who’ve
just eaten.吃过的人(第1题答案出处)
Psychologists have known for decades that what’s go
ing on,inside our head affects our
senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people
think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，
France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain
receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get
involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her
test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.
Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others
were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the
experiment and the other half had just eaten.刚吃过（=non-hungry）（第2题答案出
处）
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80
words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second 三百分之一秒each. They
flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously有意识的perceive感知.
（第4题答案出处1） A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each
person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d
seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared 出
现too briefly短暂地 for the participant to really read it.（第4题答案出处2）
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying
food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,
this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what
they strive for争取（第5题答案出处）. From the experiment, I know that our brain can
really be at the disposal 支配of our motives 动机and needs,” Radel says.（第3题答案出
处）
通过标志词“new”找到本文中心句-------比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更
清晰地看到与食品有关的词。结合标题，推测本文以“视觉与感知食物”为线索展开
论述
练习：
\f
1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? -------对错类
A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people.
B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words.
C Hungry people are more sensitive 敏感的to food-related words than stomach-full
people吃饱的人.
D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process.
选项A、B含绝对性词，优先排除。选项C是原文中心句的同义表述。clearly、
sensitive意思相近，people who’ve just eaten=stomach-full people。
2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment? -----细节类
A Becaus
e hungry people needed time to fill their stomach.
B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.不饿
的
C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment.
D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.
选项A含绝对性词，不列入答案重点排查范围。第三段最后一句话中，just eaten=
non-hungry，选项B是答案。
3. What does the writer want to tell us? ------态度观点类
A Human’s senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world.
B What's perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking.
C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.
D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses.
由提问标志词“writer”可猜出此题为态度观点类题型。一般答案会出现文章最后
一段的最后一两句话中，选项C含“can可能”，是答案的概率高，排查后发现该选项
与最后一句话完全一致。
4. What did the results of the experiment indicate?------推断类
A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast 太快for the participant参与者 to
intentionally有意的perceive感知.
B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words.
C People who had just 仅仅eaten were better at identifying food-related words.
D The participants could barely 仅仅perceive what they needed or what they strived for.
“indicate表明”为推断类题标志词，此类题型一般不能在文中找到一模一样的答
案，需要加入自己的推测。相对、决定性词是有效解题的辅助工具。排除含绝对性词
的选项C、D，第四段两处都可找到选项A的出处。
5. What can we infer from the passage? ------推断类
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A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.
B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.
C Our thinking processes are independent of our senses.
D Humans can perceive what they need without没有 involving陷入 high-level 高级的
thinking思考 processes过程.
由“infer推断”确定为推断类题，选项D含相对性词，优先考虑。出处为最后一
段第一句话。
第十九篇
Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience
Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech, s Center for Music
Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music
pumpin92basedonlistener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, 0ne-foot-tall robot is billed
as all interactive“musical friend”.
“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about theft
music, ”said Professor Gil Weinberg. the robot’s creator．He will unveil the robot at the
June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will
perform for guests, dancing in sync with mus
ic created in the lab and composed according
to its movements.
Shimi is essentially a docking station with a“brain”powered by an Android
phone．Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities8 0f
the user’s mobile device． In other words, if there’s an“app”for that, Shimi is ready．For
instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software, Shimi can follow a
listener around the room and position its“ears”. Or speakers. for optimal sound．Another
recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it,
scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the
suggestion. Once the music starts, Shimi dances to the rhythm,
“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, ”said
Music Technology Ph．D. candidate Mason Breran. “Shimi shows us that robots can be
creative and interactive. ”Future apps in the works“will allow the user to shake their head in
disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or
increase/decrease the volume．The robot will also have the capability to recommend new
music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.
Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand
Shimi’S creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a
revolution that will see more robots in homes．”Weinberg said．
Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing
agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by
the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes. we think that they will be
this kind of machines-small, entertaining and fun, ”Weinberg said. “They will enhance your
life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots“in our"lives．”
词汇：
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Pumpv, 用抽水机抽；不断播放(音乐)
Scanv．扫描；浏览
Skipv. 轻跳, 跳跃
sync踞．同步, 同时；v. 使同步
tempon. 速度；节奏
注释：
1．Georgia Tech：全称是Georgia Institute of Technology, 佐治亚理工学院, 建于1885
年, 位于亚特兰大市中心. 佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院, 也是全美
最顶尖的理工学院之一, 排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州理工学院(CalTecb).
2. pump：不断播放(音乐). 例如：This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (这家
广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐. )
3. smartphone．enabled：出智能手机系统支持的
4. is billed as：相当于is advertised as, 意为“被标榜为”.
5. docking station：插接站, 扩充基座, 扩展插口
6．Android：(科幻小说里的)机器人. 本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备
的
一种以Linus为基础的开放源代码操作系统, 通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备. 目前
Android尚未有统一中文译名, 国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或“安致”. 据2012年2月
数据, Android占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52．5％的份额, 中国市场占有率为68.
4％.
7. dock：对接
8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities：传感和音乐生成能力 9. app：应用程
序(=application)
10. if the user taps a beat：如果用户打出某个(音乐)拍子
11. in the works：正在准备阶段；在进行中或准备中
12intelligent service robots：智能服务型机器人
练习
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?
A. Shimi is a one foot tall robot.
B. Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.
C. Shimi is a docking station with a“brain”powered by all Android phone．
D. Shimi Can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile
device
\f
2．What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?
A. It stores the beat in the musical library．
B. It transmits the beat to the docking station.
C. It positions its speakers for optimal sound.
D. It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.
3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?
A. Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is no exception.
B . Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next
song.
C. Exiting app allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to rum up/down the volume.
D. Shimi call be creative and interactive.
4. What does the author want to tell us?
A. The research center is developing a sponger and more versatile Shimi.
B. Weinberg only expects staffs from Georgia Tech. to develop more apps for Shirni.
C. Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization.
D. Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes．
5. Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?
A. Shimi as a robotic musical companion call be applied to all types of smart phones.
B. human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes．
C. Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users.
D. Weinberg has reached all agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi.
答案与题解：
1. B在前三段中均可找到与选项A、C、D相应的句子, 强调Shimi是一种电子设备；
B与原文不符, Shimi不是该机器人的发明者, Gil Weinberg教授才是the robot’s
creator.
2. D选项D简要地表述了第三段的倒数第二句“If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it,
scans the phone’S musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the
suggestion”的意思, 所以是答案. 选项A、B. C都不符合上
句子的含义.
3. D选项A的意恩与原文相反. 虽然人们认为机器人受到程序指令的, 值Shimi却
表现出具有创造能力和互动能力, 所以A不是答案. 选项D的意思与原文相同, 因而是
答案. 第四段第三句指的是未来的应用程序：future apps in the works, 而选项B, C是指
目前的应用程序, 两者的表述均与原文有蹬入.
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4. A第三段介绍Shimi的多种功能, 第四段和第五段说Weinberg还在开发更多的应用
程序来丰富Shimi的功能, 还希望其他研发者也参与开发, 因此, A是答案. 选项B说
Weinberg仅仅希望Georgia Tech员工参与开发恩多的应用软件, 这与原文不符. 文章最
后～段告诉我们, Weinberg正在与Georgia Tech进行有关Shimi商业化的谈判, 选项C
的意思与此相反, 不会是答案. 选项D也与原文不符.
5．B选项A、C和D的内容Weinberg都没有说过. 第三段告诉我们, Shimi是Android
smartphone的扩充基座, 并不适用于所有智能手机, 所以A选项不正确；Shimi尚未进
入市场, 还谈不上公众对Shimi欣赏与否的问题, 因此选项C不符合原意；Shimi正在
进行商业化运作, 但绝非已经完成, 所以D也不是正确选项. 本题的答案是B, 依据是
最后一段倒数第二句.
+第四十八篇
Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple
activities that the majority of us don’t question. （第1题答案出处）But an
international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College
of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated起
源于millions of years ago数百万年前as an adaptation适应to carrying搬运scarce稀有的,
high- quality高质量的 resources资源. The team of researchers from the U. S., England,
Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed
for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large
ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living
chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.（第1题答案出处）
“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our
earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "，said Dr. Richmond.
The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs
instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on
two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.
（第2题答案出处） Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to
anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition
for food or other resources was strong.
Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. T
The first study was conducted by
the team in Kyoto University’s “outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest.
Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two
different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the
coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three
situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula
nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.
（第3题答案出处）
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When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees
transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the
chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts
as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.
In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees
started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that
bipedal movement allowed them to carry more（第4题答案出处）of this precious
resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by
using everything available 一 even their mouths.
The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-
month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete
for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved
some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a
clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.
此篇文章的标题质量很高（等同于一句中心句），信息量已足够来判断全文的主题思
想。
本文将围绕“人类为何直立行走”展开论述。通过划读中心句，能够进一步了解到其
中原因（人类直立行走可能源于数百万年以前适应搬运稀有的、高质量的资源。）
练习：
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two
paragraphs? ----对错类
A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.
B Chimpanzee’s behaviors may suggest暗示why humans walk on two legs.
C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.
D Our ancestors' ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees.
此题要求找出一个与开头两端意思不符的错误选项，先排除含相对性词“may”的选
项B，
选项A与文章的第一句话能容不符
2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding----主题类
A when humans began walking on two legs.
\f
B what made our ancestors walk upright.
C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors.
D h
ow walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.
优先考虑含有标题词“walk upright”的选项BCD，选项A尽管与原文重复最多，但并
不是实验目的。关键词“finding”后面的内容为——“文章报道，科学家通过实验证
实黑猩猩直立行走是为了前肢，让前肢搬运对其生命至关重要的资源，从而推断
出人类祖先也经历了从四足到二足的进化过程。科学家想通过对黑猩猩的实验解释人
类直立行走的成因。”与选项B的意思一致。此题需要读题解答。
3. Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees. ---细节类
A regarded both types of nut as priced resources.
B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.
C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.
D ignored both types of nut altogether.
第五段描述了黑猩猩全然不顾油棕榈坚果（ignored the oil palm nuts altogether),集中精
力抢运可乐果。所以C是答案，B、C、D的内容不符合文章原意。
4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?
---细节类
A Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.
B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.
C Because they wanted to get to die nut-rich forest faster by walking that way.
D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.
答案离关键词位置较远。比较难找，且需要阅读加以分析。文中说“黑猩猩用后肢直
立行走，搬运资源的效率提高了四倍。”选项D符合原意，是答案。选项 A、B、C的
内容文章中没有提到。
5. What can we infer from the reading passage? ---推断类
\f
A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.
B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.
C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.
D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.
推断类题一般不能在文中直接找到答案，选项D在标题词中出现最多，本文的两个
核心词“人类”、“行走”。AB选项谈到了“Chimpanzees大猩猩”，只是解释人
类为何直立行走的分析对象，应排除在外。
完形填空新增文章
第三篇
Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since
every year more l constructions appear．Here are three giant structures which are
worthy of our 2although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders．
The Petronas Twin Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed
in1999. With a 3 of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city
of Kuala Lumpur．At the 41 floor, the towels are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a
gat
eway to the city. The American4Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers． Constructed of
high—strength concrete, the building provides around l, 800 square metres of office space5
every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. other6of this
impressive building include double·decker lifts, and glass and steel
The Millau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley, in southern France． 7the
time it was built, it was the world’s highest bridge, 8 0ver 340m at the highest point. The
bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built
to 9Millau’s congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from
Paris to Barcelona in Spain．The bridge was built to withstand the 10 extreme seismic and
climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for l20 years!
The Italpu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in
the world It consists of a series of darns across the River Parana, ll forms a natural border
between Brazil6 and Paraguay7. Started in l975 and takin9 16 years to complete, the
construction was carried out as a joint project between the two12．The dam is well-known
for both its electricity output and its size. In l995 it produced 78％of Paraguay’s and 25％of
\f
Brazil’s l3 needs In its construction, thel40f iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300
Eiffel Towers8 It is al5 amazing wonder of engineering．
词汇：
Worthy adj. 值得的
Surpass v．超过, 胜过
Symbolize V. 象征
Congestion n．拥挤
Withstand v. 经受住
Seismic 地震的
Dam n. 堤, 坝
Hydroelectric adj. 水电的
注释：
1. The Petronas Twin Towers：国油双峰塔, 又称吉隆坡双子塔. 建于l997年, 共有88层,
离达452公尺, 曾是世界上最高的摩天楼. 国油双蜂塔由两幢大楼组成, 两幢楼的第41
层由58公尺长的天桥连接. 这座设计新颖的、大量使用了不锈钢与玻璃等建材的双峰
塔是吉隆坡市的象征. 不论你在吉隆坡的哪一个角落都可以看到这座十分现代化的建
筑物.
2. Kuala Lumpur：吉隆坡(马来西亚首都)
3. The MiUau Bridge：米约高架桥. 位于法国西南部的米约市, 横跨在塔恩河仙境般的
河谷之上, 是通往法圜南部地中海地区75号高速公路段上的枢纽工程. 建造这座斜拉
索式桥梁共花费了3年多的时间, 总耗资3. 94亿欧元. 这座大桥全长2. 46公里, 总重
29万吨, 大桥距地面270米, 大桥斜拉索的最高点距离地面343米, 高出埃菲尔铁塔23
米, 是当时世界上最高的桥梁.
4. The Itaipu Dam：伊泰普水电站. 伊泰普水咆站是国前世界上最大的水电站之一, 由
巴西和巴拉圭斥资共建, 两国电力公司分别拥有水电站的一半产权. 整个坝长7 853米,
水位落差118. 4米. 水
库面积l350平方公里(其中巴西侧750平方公里, 巴拉圭侧600
平方公里), 容量290亿立方米. 自1991年起, 伊泰普水电站每年发电收益约23亿美元.
5. the River Parana：巴拉那河. 南美洲第二大河.
6．Brazil：巴西(南美洲一国名)
7. Paraguay：巴控圭(南美洲一国名)
8. Eiffel Towers：埃菲尔铁塔. 埃菲尔铁塔是法国巴黎著名建筑, 也是巴黎的象征. 塔高
985英尺, 于l8年为世界博览会而建造, 其塔身几乎完全由开放品格的熟铁制成.
练习：
1．A delightful B useful C wonderful D careful
2．A administration B passion C expression D detection
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3．A length B width C height D volume
4．A inventor B architect C scientist D merchant
5．A below B in C above Don
6．A types B parts C roles D features
7. A at B within C from D upon
8. A developing B expanding C stretching D reaching
9. A restrict B reserve C relieve D relax
10. A most B much C more D mat
11. A what B which C who D that
12. A countries B provinces C areas D regions
13. A waster B oil C energy D food
14．A amount B number C quality D ratio
15. A mainly B totally C rarely D truly
答案与题解：
1．C第一句的前半句说的是“要选定当世最令人叹为观止的奇迹是一个无法完戚的
差事”, 后半句解释“做不到”的原因在于每年都有新的更令人叹为观止的建筑出现.
本题要选的词应该是与描述constructions极好性状有关的形容词. 四个选项中
wonderful符合这个要求, 而delightful, useful和careful均与constructions极好性状无
关, 因此不可能是答案.
2. A be worthy of意为“值得”. Three giant structures值得什么呢?值得我们passion(热
情)、expression(表达)或detection(发现)?这三个选项显然不会是答案. Admiration(赞叹)
才是答案.
3. C“the tall twin towers”给出了寻找答案的线索. tall towers意为“高楼”, 所以452
米指的是高度.
4. B本段叙述马来西亚吉隆坡的国油双峰塔. 四个选项中只有architect(建筑师)与设计
国油双峰塔最相关. 其他三个选项与architect相比, 相关性就差多了.
5. D floor之前搭配的介词是0n.
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6. D本段前面的句子描述了国油双蜂塔的建筑特色, 本旬进而介绍塔的其他两个特色,
即double—decker lifts(双层电梯)和glass and steel sunshades(建材为玻璃和钢的遮阳
篷). 根据上下文判断, features是答案.
7．A at the time(在那时, 那时候)是固定搭配, 后接从旬.
8. D从词组搭配和上下文意思上判断, reaching over 340m at the highest point是最合适
的. reach a height意为“达到某个高度”, 丽develop a height(发展某个高度), expand a
height (扩展某个高度)和stretch a height(延伸某个高度)都不合理.
9．C congestion是解题的关键词. 建造高架大
桥的目的是为了缓解交通拥挤, 所以选择
relieve是理所当然的.
10. A本句是说米约高架桥的坚固程度, 它能经受住最极端的地震和气候条件而不会倒
蹋. 本题的答案是most. the most extreme是形容词extreme的最高级形式.
11. B很明显, the River Parana之后是个非性定语腹旬, 连接词只能用which. what
不能指代the River Parana. that用于性定语从甸. Wh0不能指代非生命的the River
Paranao
12. A the Itaipu Dam由B西和巴拉圭两国斥资共建, 所以答案不可能是provinces(省),
areas(区域)或regions(地区). countries是理所当然的选择.
13. C 建造水电站的目的是利用水能发电, 获得电能. Energy是答案. 本句的下半句
breaking previous records for energy production中的“energy”也为答案的选择提供了
依据.
14. A iron和steel是物质名词, 是不可数的, 用the amount of iron and steel是对的.
15. D mainly amazing(主要叹为观止的), totally amazing(全部叹为观止的)或rarely
amazing (很少叹为观止的)都与句子的意恩接不上. 只有tmly amazing(真正叹为观止的)
才符合上下文的意思.
第八篇
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp l in three
species of India’S vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration. and it presents the
world with a new kind of environmental 2. The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is
causing widespread disruption to people living in the Same areas as the3. It is also causing
serious public health problems 4 the Indian sub. continent．
While4their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians. vultures
have 5 played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It
is6they feed on dead cows. In India. cows are sacred animals and are 7 left in the open
when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has 8 an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs
feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may9 as a
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result．And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild
dogs are its main carriers．Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an
even greater problem in the10．
The need for action is ll , so an emergency project has been launched to12a solution to
this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds
deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture l3 were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population
survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had. Declined 14 over 90
percent. All three species are now listed as“critically endangered”. As most vulture lay only
single eggs and l5 about five years to reach maturity
reversing their population decline will
be a long and difficult exercise.
词汇：
vulture/'v . t . ./n．秃鹰
species/sp i: . i：z/n. 船．物种, 种类
disruption/disr . p . . n/n．破坏, 毁坏
rabies/reibi：z/n. 狂犬症
ultimately/. ltim . tl i/adv. 最终地
endanger/In’dein d. ./V. 危及, 濒危
maturity/m . tj u. riti/n．成熟期
注释：
The vulture in question：讨论中的秃鹰(问愿). in question意为“讨论孛的, 考虑中的”.
2．rather man：而不是. 例：Your proposal is positive rather than negative. (你的提议是
积极的, 而不是消极的. )
3：the In dian sub-contient：印度次
4 while ：虽然. 例： While he has published many papers he IS modest(虽然他发表了多
篇论文, 还是很谦虚. )
5．thousands upon thousands：成千上万的
6．in the open：在户外, 在野外
7. as a result：结果
8．1isted as“critically endangered”：被列为极度濒危动物
练习：
1. A decline B rise C teeth D eyes
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2. A benefit B debate C problem D solution
3. A plants B birds C humans D cows
4. A over B with C through D across
5. A sometimes B long C suddenly D hardly
6．A who B when C because D where
7．A traditionally B occasionally C possibly D finally
8. A came from B adjusted to C resulted from D led to
9. A drop B increase C disappear D change
10. A future B past C villages D mountains
11. A recent B urgent C frequent D rare
12．A neglect B use C remove D find
13. A cures B arrivals C deaths D journeys
14．A along Bon C in D by
15. A take B adopt C consume D waste
答案与题解
1. 通篇文章都在叙述秃鹰濒临灭种对印度环境的负面影响, 而且文章的标题中的
“dying vultu re”也提供了线索. decline 符合上下文的意思, 是答案. rise与上下文的意
思, 是答案. Rise与上下文的意思相反. sharp teeth和sharp eyes是秃鹰的特点, 但文章
并未提及.
2. C秃鹰濒临灭亡, 给环境带来问题. 上一句的“alarm rather than celebration”提供了
解题的线索, 秃鹰濒临灭亡对我们是一种警告, 而不是一件值得庆贺的事. 选problem
是合适的. 至于debate和solution, 文章并未涉及.
3. B秃鹰数量的减少对当地居民是一种灾难. 此外, 对谁也是一种灾难呢?as引出的对
象是谁呢?这个对象不会是humans, plants或cows. 答案是birds.
4．D作者原来的用词一定是across the Indian sub．continent(整个印度次), 不可能
是over the Indian sub—continent(在印度次上空), with the Indian sub．continent(与
印度次一起)或through the Indian sub-continent(穿越印度次).
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5. B本段前面的句子描述了秃鹰在保护该地区的环境上作用很大, 所以秃鹰不会是时
有时无(sometimes)地起作用, 或突然地(suddenly)
)起作用, 或几乎不(hardly)起作用. 只有
选long(长期以来一直)起作用才合乎上下文的意思.
6．C为什么秃鹰会起保护环境的作用呢?本段的下半段说出了其中的原因. 牛在印度
被视为神物, 死后露尸户外, 任其腐烂. 秃鹰以食牛的尸体为生, 同时也清除了污染源,
保护了城镇和乡村的环境. 这些句子讲的是原因, 所以选择because是对的.
7．A文章说每年有成千上万头牛死亡并露尸城镇和乡村. 既然是这样, 就不会是偶尔
(occasionally)或可能(possibly)或最终(finally)露尸在城镇积乡村. 露尸户外是印度的传
统, 所以traditionally是答案.
8. D本段第一句表达的是因果关系. The disappearance of the vultures是因, an explosion
inthe numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals是果. 四个选项中
只有led to(导致)能表达这种因果关系, 所以led To是答案.
9. B野狗是狂犬病菌的主要携带者, 野狗大量的出现当然会增加狂犬病扩散的危险性,
而不是相反. 所以选increase是正确的, 而drop是increase的反义词, 不会是答案.
change或disappear都脱离了上下文的意思, 所以不是答案.
10. A狂犬病从野狗传到人身上已经非常可怕, 如果再传到其他动物身上闻题就更严重
了. 四个选项中, 选future构成词组in the future(在未来)符合上下文的意思.
11. B从后面的“all emergency project has been launched(启动了应急项目)”可以推断
出要选的形容词是urgent(紧迫的).
12. D启动应急项目是为了找到一个解决的办法. neglect a solution, use a solution或
removea solution显然不符合上下文的意思. find是答案.
13. C本段说秃鹰的数量急剧减少, 已被列为濒危物种. 本题的选项cures(治疗法)、
arrivals(到达)或journeys(旅程)与本段后面一句“All three species are now listed
as‘critically endangered”’所表达的意思接不上. 选deaths, 全段的意思就连贯了. 因
此, deaths是答案.
14. D在四个选项中, alon9, on, in明显不合适. by有“到(某事物)的程度”的意思. “…
thethree species of vultures had declined姆over 90 per cent”的意思是“三种秃鹰的数
量减少了90％以上”.
15．A“花费或用多少时闯”英语的常用的表达法是“take…days/months, etc．”. 选
take是正确的. 其他三个选项都不合适.
+第十三篇
Better Solar Energy Systems：More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity,
but 1 now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-
alone thermal collector.
That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon cells, which
lets the silicon generate more2but is not a very efficient way to gather heat.
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That’s a problem of3. Good sol
ar hot-water systems can harvest much more system at a
substantially lower 4．And it’s also a space can take up all the space on the roof, leaving
little room for thermal
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and
engineer in, has devised a5in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of
silicon．His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and
Michael Pamak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada．
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you
amorphous silicon, 6known as thin．film silicon. They do not crest as much electricity ,
but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they 7much less silicon, they have a
greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin—film silicon solar cells are8to some bad—news
physics in the form of the Staebler—Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency9when you expose them to light —pretty much the
worst possible effect for a solar cell, ”Pearce explains, which is one of the10thin-film solar
panels make up only a small fraction of the market．
However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler．Wronski
effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new11of PVT．You don’t have to cool down
thin. Film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’S group discovered that by heating it to
solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling120f water, they could make thicker
cells that largely 13 the Staebler-Wronski effect．When they applied the thin-film silicon
directly to a solar thermal energyl4, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they
l5the solar cell’S electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
词汇：
1. photovoltaic/f.ut.u volteiik/n. 光电的
2. thermal/θ. ：m. l/adj．热的, 热量的
3. crystalline/krist. lain/aaj. 晶体的
4. Silicon /silik. n/n. 硅
5. amorphous/. m.:：f. s/adj. 非晶形的
6. footprint/fu tprint/n. 足迹
注释：
1. solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems：太阳能光伏热能系统
2. they：指代solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems.
3. stand—alone：单机的
4. crystalline silicon solar cells：晶体硅太阳能电池
5. which：指前半旬中的to cool crystalline silicon solar cells这件事
6. room：空间
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7. solar panels：太阳能电池板
8. amorphous silicon：菲晶硅
9. thin．film silicon：薄膜硅
10. Staebler—Wronski Effect：SWE效应. 在光的照射下, 非晶硅氢的导电性短时
间内显著衰退, 这种特性被称为SWE效应.
11. pretty much：几乎
12. the worst possible effect：最可熊坏的效应
13. engineer around：精心地设计以克服或绕过
14. solar—thermal operating temperatures：太阳热能操作温度
练习：
1. A unless B when C if D until
2. A electricity B magneti
sm C ultraviolet D radioactivity
3．A dynamics B geology C economics D biology
4．A reward B cost C bill D pay
5．A decision B solution C suggestion D qualification
6. A roughly B probably C conlmonly D specially
7．A retrieve B merge C exchange D require
8．A vulnerable B necessary C important D renewable
9．A works B counts Crises D drops
10. A restrictions B advances C reasons D strengths
ll. A size B shape C type D brand
12. A area B point C place D extent
13. A overcame B promoted C improve D postponed
14．A transformer B adaptor C transmitter D collector
15．A boosted B defined C wasted D lower
答案与题解：
1. D文章介绍最近科学家已经完善了太阳能光伏热能系统, 现在薪型的太阳能系统能
将太阳能转换为更多的电能和热能. 第一段说躜以往晶体硅太阳能电池在收集热熊方
面效率很低. 四个选项中, 只有选用until才符合上下文的意思. “…until now they(太阳
能光伏热能系统)haven’t been very good at the heat—generating part compared to a stand-
alone solar thermal collector. ”该句意为：与太阳热能单机集热器相比, 直到现在, 传统
太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率一直不是很高.
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2．A本句说明了以往的太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率低的原因, “to
coolcrystalline silicon solar cells(冷却晶体硅太阳能电池)”能产生更多的电能, 但不利于
收集热能. electricity是答案.
3．C从上一段和本段的意思判断, 收集热能效率低下不会是一个动力学(dynamics)问
题, 地质(geology)问题或生物学(biology)问题. 它是一个经济上的问题. 答案是
economics.
4. B本句说, good solar hot．water systems在收获能量方面比solar-electric system要好
得多. 从经济学的角度上分析, 成本就降低了. 所以, 选cost是对的. 其他选项reward,
bill和pay均不符合句意.
5. B上一段说光伏电池系统有两个问题, 层口经济问题和空间问题. Joshua Pearce采用
另外一种硅制造PVT来解决上述问题. 通过上述分析可以看出, 他寻求的是一种解决
问题的办法(solution), 而不是一个决定(decision)、一个建议(suggestion)或一种资格
(qualification).
6．Camorphous silicon(非晶硅)即为thin-film silicon(薄膜硅). 选择
roughly/probably/wrongly(known as thin-film silicon)表达的意思都不合逻辑. 选
commonly才合理. “amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin. film silicon”意为“非晶
硅, 通常被称为薄膜硅”.
7．D新型的太阳能电池采用薄膜硅制造, 电能的转换量虽然不如晶体硅太阳能电池,
但薄膜硅太阳能电池用硅量小, 比较环保. 本题应选用require, 理由是：require much
less silicon与上下文的意思很连贯, 而retrieve much less silicon(提取少得多的硅),
merge much less
silicon(混合少得多的硅)或exchange much less silicon(交换少得多的硅)
都讲不通, 意思离题太远.
8．A bad-news physics是解题的关键词. 既然是bad-news physics, 所连用的形容词应
该是负面意义的词. 四个选项中只有vulnerable(易受攻击的)符合这个条件, 所以是答
案.
9．D本段第一句说明vulnerable的具体情况. 既然是vulnerable, efficiency一定是
drops, 不会是rises. efficiency works(效率起作用)或efficiency counts(效率有重要意义)
都离题太远. ‘
10. C薄膜硅太阳能电池效能低下, 这是因. 导致该产晶市场占有份额很小, 这是果. 选
reasons为答案很合理.
11. C为了克服SWE效应, Pearce和他的团队悉心改进光伏太阳热能系统的结构. 作者
要写的应该是a new type of PVT(一种新型PVT), 不会是a new shape/size/brand
PVT(一种新形状的/新尺寸的/新品牌的PVT).
12．B从上下文判断, 答案应该是point. 将thin—film silicon加热到Solar. thermal
operatingtemperatures就是加热到near the boiling point of water(临近水的沸点). 其他选
项area, place和extent均不切题.
13. A从上下文判断, 采用加热thin-film silicon的方法, 就能消除SWE效应. 四个选项
中只有overcame表达了这层意思.
14．D答案是collector, 因为solar thermal energy collector(太阳能集热器)与上下文的意
思接得上, 意为“当把薄膜硅直接应用于太阳能集热器时”. 其他选项均与上下文不符.
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15. A文章最后一段介绍研究人员克服SWE效应, 提高了将太阳能转换为电能的效率.
所以, 将最后…句的‘‘by 10 percent”理解为“提高”而不是“降低”10％才合乎逻辑. 答案
是 boosted.
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第四部分 2013年真题
（说明：官方的真题和答案通常与下一年大纲和教材同时公布，因此市面上能找到的都是手
机拍照版，未有WORD文档。）
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2013年职业英语（理工类）A级考试真题
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