How to Grow Old
Language Work
Paragraph 1
“Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors.”
Paraphrase: Although both my mother and my father died when they were still young, my other ancestors lived long lives. Here the author means that genetically he did quite well.
respect n. an aspect of something
e.g. In most respects, the new film is better than the original.
The house is in a fairly good condition and, in this respect, contrasts with the rest of the street which is in a state of disrepair.
as regards: in connection with
e.g. Are you optimistic or pessimistic as regards the future?
This is especially true as regards women, given that, of the world’s one billion poorest people, three-fifths are women and girls.
“My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty.”
Paraphrase: My mother’s father died at an early age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents enjoyed long lives. They all died in their eighties.
cut off: to remove something by cutting it; to prevent someone from having something that they need or want
e.g. The aim was to cut off the enemy’s escape route.
I’m glad the bartender cut Tommy off — he’s already had too much to drink.
When his wife died, he cut himself off from other people.
March 31 is the cutoff date for applications to be accepted.
“Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off.”
Paraphrase: Among all my remoter ancestors, I only find one who died young. He was beheaded, which is rare nowadays.
namely adv. used for introducing more detailed information about a subject that you are discussing
e.g. We need to get more teachers into the classrooms where they’re most needed, namely in poor areas.
The minister would only repeat the official government position, namely that it can do nothing at the moment.
“to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants”
Paraphrase: kept a stern and fearful control over all her descendants until her death
“She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad.”
Paraphrase: She often told me how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who looked very sad.
relate vt. to tell someone about something that has happened or what someone has said
e.g. She related the events of the past week to the police.
He relates how at the age of 23 he was interned in the prison camp.
“She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren.”
Paraphrase: She asked him why he was so sad and he told her that he had just lost the company of his two grandchildren.
melancholy n. (melancholic adj.) a feeling of sadness and of being without hope
e.g. a melancholy piece of music
melancholy autumn days
a melancholic expression
melancholic songs
“I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!”
Paraphrase: I have altogether seventy-two grandchildren. So if I felt sad whenever I ended a visit with one of them, I would live a miserable life.
part v. if two people part, or if one person parts from another, they go away from each other
e.g. No one could part the two friends.
They were forced to part from one another.
The committee parted over the issue of pay raises for employees.
dismal adj. making you feel unhappy and without hope or enthusiasm
e.g. a dismal expression
The acting was dismal, wasn’t it?
What dismal weather!
“think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived”
Paraphrase: think about how many years you have lived
“Statistical fact of the number of years”
is a humorous way of saying how many years one has lived.
“still less of the probable brevity of your future”
Paraphrase: still less reason to think about how short the remaining part of your life will probably be
Paragraph 2
“... I have little experience of illness.”
Paraphrase: ... I seldom fall ill.
“I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.”
Paraphrase: I never do anything for the reason that it is good for health, though most of the things I do are healthy.
ground n. a reason for what you say or do, or for being allowed to say or do something
e.g. He refused to answer on the ground that she was unfairly dismissed.
We have grounds to believe that you have been lying to us.
Do you have any ground for suspecting them?
wholesome adj. beneficial for your, and likely to improve your life either physically, morally or emotionally
e.g. wholesome food
good wholesome family entertainment
He looks like a nice wholesome young man.
Paragraph 3
“Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past.”
Paraphrase: From the psychological point of view, there are two dangerous things that old people should try to avoid. One of them is that old people should not think too much about their past.
guard v. to protect someone or something from something dangerous or unpleasant
e.g. guard against infection
guard against tooth decay
Guard what you say.
undue adj. not necessary or reasonable
e.g. Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer.
It’s difficult to find a way of spreading information about the disease without causing undue alarm.
“It does not do to live in memories ...”
Paraphrase: It is no use always recalling what happened in the past …
Paragraph 4
“clinging to youth”
Paraphrase: having undue emotional attachment to youth
LPT- I don’t mean that one should be without
“I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional.”
Paraphrase: I do not mean that one shouldn’t have any interest in them at all, but one’s interest should be thoughtful and charitable, but not too emotional.
contemplative adj. spending a lot of time thinking very carefully about something
e.g. Her mood was calm and contemplative.
I’m contemplating going abroad for a year.
You’re not contemplating a change of job, are you?
philanthropic adj. helping people, especially by giving money to those who need it
e.g. a philanthropic society
Few companies offer money purely as a philanthropic gesture — they’re usually after something in return.
unduly adv. unduly
e.g. unduly familiar with strangers
He seemed unduly concerned about the missing girl.
Paragraph 5
“It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful ...”
Paraphrase: Only in this area will old people’s long experience become really useful ...
“... the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.”
Paraphrase: ... one can use the wisdom that he has obtained from his life experience to help his grown-up children without making them feel oppressed.
oppressive adj. something that is oppressive makes you feel very worried or anxious
e.g. an oppressive silence
oppressive weather
Several people had experienced the same feeling of oppression when they slept in that room.
Paragraph 6
“Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling.”
Paraphrase: Some old people are haunted by the fear of death. For young people, there is some reason for this feeling.
“has achieved whatever work it was in him to do”
Paraphrase: has achieved whatever work he had the ability to do
LPT- oppress
oppress vt. to make someone feel very worried or unhappy
e.g. Strange dreams and nightmares oppressed him.
Poverty oppresses the spirit.
justification n. (justify vt.) a reason why something is correct and morally right
e.g. There is no justification for treating people so badly.
It can be said, with some justification, that she is one of the greatest actresses on the English stage today.
It was the only thing that I could do — I don’t have to justify myself to anyone.
I think you were quite justified in complaining.
“The best way to overcome it ... is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.”
Paraphrase: The best way to dispel that fear ... is to think more of the outside world, of other people and less of your own self. And finally you will lose more and more of your individual being and your life will become part of the eternal universal life.
recede vi. to move back from a high point or level
e.g. As the boat picked up speed, the coastline receded into the distance until finally it became invisible.
The road to the island only appears when the tide has receded.
With the passage of time, my unhappy memories of the place receded.
merge vt. (merger n.) to combine, or to join things together to form one thing
e.g. Pink, blue and orange colors merged in the evening sky.
After a while the narrow track merges with a wider path.
The merger of these two companies would create the world’s biggest accounting firm.
“the thought of rest”
Paraphrase: the idea of death. Here “rest” is a euphemism for “death.”下载本文