A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning is a poem which I learned rencently .I like it very much.It is a beautiful love poem .Firstly,I want to introduce the poet of this poem to you .John Donne is one of the major metaphysical poets in the first half of the 17th century, his poems being distinctive for bold and ingenious conceits and frequent use of paradox.
This poem was published after his death in 1633.The title “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” shows the purpose of the poem, which is to express the poet’s love for his wife and his persuasion to his wife that their parting should not cause any sadness for it is not a separation but an extension of their love, in a straightforward way.
In John Donne's poem "A Valediction Forbidding Mourning," a man is saying goodbye to his significant other as he prepares to leave. He is attempting to soften the blow of their separation by using metaphysical conceits, comparing their love to the most unlikely examples. Some of the examples used consisted of a noble man's death, the planets, and a drawing compass.
This poem has nine quatrains.The poem begins with the image of men passing away. The first two lines allude to the conventional belief that when people are dying, they whisper to their souls, asking them to leave the world with their bodies.The separation of his body and soul is so gentle that friends around him cannot tell if they are alive or dead .Here the image of the body and the soul refers to the relation between the poet and his lover—they cannot be separated. Even if they are not together geographically, their hearts and souls are closely together.So we can say, even the love between the poet and his wife will appear to be quieted down owing to the temporary farewell, the fire of intense love is still flaming underground.The following stanzas just illustrate the meaning above: instead of the earthly, fleshly, corporeal love whose essence is just sexual desire and in which the parting lovers make quite a lot of noisy cries of grief, their love is quiet and peaceful, their parting just like two virtuous men bidding farewell without any outward show of sadness, for they know the temporary parting is rather an extension of their love than a splitting of it. The floods of the tear and the tempests of the sigh in the second stanza are a kind of metaphor and hyperbole in Petrarchan style. In fact because the poet disapproves them, he may show his aversion to the traditional noisy love and regard it as pretentious here. Whereas the metaphoric words “profanation” and “laiety” indicate that their own love is something holy and should not be blasphemed.The third stanza raises a comparison between the grand noisy earthquake and the greater but quiet movement of the celestial objects. This is an antithesis as well as an underlying metaphor. The earthquake refers to the earthly love whereas the movement of the spheres refers to the love between the poet and his wife. Although the former is great and strident, even tumultuous, it is no match for the latter which is much greater yet quiet.The fourth and fifth stanzas give a general antithesis. The reason why the love of the poet and his wife is differentiated from worldly love is illustrated here: their love is based on their souls rather than on their fleshly envelops, so they can stand the parting without losing the base of their love, while other lovers may change their minds for not having the voluptuous excitement from the same person any longer.
Then the sixth stanza generates another famous metaphor: their love is compared to gold, and the parting, the extension of the gold when it is stricken flat. In this sense, the parting of the lovers is not a separation of hearts but an extension of their love.Indeed it is far-fetched and if someone reads carefully he may find the comparison itself is illogical for there is no necessary relation between the parting and the extension of love—to our common sense, parting can hardly be a form of extension of love. Maybe the poet has his own reason but not clearly proposed.Then the next three stanzas, as one of the most noted parts, end the whole poem in a climax. The famous simile, the comparison between the souls of the poet and his lover and a pair of compasses, highlights the intensity and uniqueness of their love and their mutual dependence, thus revealing the best kind of love ever existing in the readers’ minds. The poet is the roaming foot and his wife is the fixed one. The poet is traveling outside but he is destined to revolve around his wife after all. And after a long circular journey, he will return home to his wife. On the other hand, his wife will lean, and hearken after him when he is outside traveling. So generally there is a great invisible bond gluing their hearts together even if they are separated geographically. Besides, the fixed foot is a symbol of firmness while the walking foot is a symbol of perfection for it draws a circle. The perfection of love and the firmness of it are closely dependent on each other. This is the best conceit in the English literature.
Actually,complete love unites not only the bodies of a couple but also their souls.Such spiritual love is phenomenal,metaphysical,keeping the lovers together spiritually regardless of distance between them.
In this poem,poet use many metaphor to make readers to see the logic behind comparisons that may seems far-fetched at first. On the whole, it flows from metaphor to metaphor, conceit to conceit, expressing the poet’s attitude towards the temporary parting in a relieved way. Somehow, in tone and mood the poem is steady, serious, serene and transcendent; but it is also muted and somewhat depressing so that, while the genuine love is thrown in relief, the readers tend to detect an ominous undercurrent of worry and anxiety.
It is really a beautiful love poem which takes a positive attitude towards love.I am sure that we can learn something from it. 下载本文