一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon,
the day after tomorrow(后天),in 3 days ( 三天后)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to + do; ② shall/will+动词原形
will可用于所有人称,但shall 仅表示单纯将来时,用于第一人称I和we,作为will的一种替代形式。以You and I为主语时通常避免用shall。 He will be back soon. 他很快就会回来。
I shall/will be free on Sunday. 星期天我有空。
You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我将在同一工厂工作。
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成 为won’t。
I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I to have a picnic this afternoon.
Nancy is going to go camping. Nancy ________ going to go camping.
I’ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them.
四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or, 第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → to go on an outing this weekend?
I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?
五、对划线部分提问。1. 问人。Who
例如:I’m going to New York soon. → going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.
例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.
→ is your father with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.
例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. → is she going to bed?
4.问时间 how soon ( 多久以后,多快)
He will be back in three years. → he be back ?
She is going to listen to music after school. ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow?
六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I swimming tomorrow.
七、用法
be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,但它们的用法是有区别的。
1.be going to主要用于: (1)、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。
What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么?
Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧。
I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。
She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。
(2)、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨。
I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。
2。 will主要用于在以下几个方面:
1)、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。
eg:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
2)、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
3)、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg:
Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗?
Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗? 三. 现在进行时
3. 现在进行时表将来 表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,send,move,travel,fly等)和其它几个动作动词(如do,begin,work,spend,play,stay,happen,have,finish,join,eat,die,meet等)常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。例如: The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。What are you doing tomorrow? 明天你做什么? The train is arriving at nine o’clock. 火车将在九点钟到。
在特定的上下文中,这类动词有时也可不带时间状语。例如:
—Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow . ——明天穿你的旧衣服来上学。
—Why ? What’s happening ? ——为什么?有什么事?
4. 一般现在时 也可表将来
1). 动词be;表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,arrive,leave,return等)和表示“开始,结束”的动词(如start,begin,open,finish,end,close等)与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生,日程不易改变,口气肯定。例如:
School finishes on January 18th. 学期一月十八日结束。
Are you free next Tuesday evening? 下周二晚上你有空吗?
The party starts at four thirty , doesn’t it? 晚会四点半开始,是吗?
Mr Green leaves Beijing for home tomorrow. 格林先生定于明天离京返家。
2.) 在由when,before,as soon as,until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来。例如:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow , we’ll go to the East Lake. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去东湖。
I must finish my homework before my mother returns. 我必须在妈妈回来之前做完家庭作业。
注意: There be 句型的将来时态结构
There will be a meeting after school.
There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。
练习:一、填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I ________ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What _____ _____ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ________ _______ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
________ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We __________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ____________(go) to school on foot. But today is raining.He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and __________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What ________she _________ (do) this weekend?
She _________ (watch) TV and _________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.
What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.
现在进行时的讲解及练习
基本用法: (1)表示(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。时间状语 now,at the moment 或 look ,listen ,It’s 12:00 now等提示语。
(2)也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如these days .
(二)谓语构成:be (am/ is/ are)+v-ing (动词的现在分词)
I’m watching TV now. They’re playing football.
(三)现在分词的构成。
(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加ing。
go→ ask → look→
(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e加ing。
have → take→ make→ write→
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加-ing。
get→ sit→ put→ run→
swim→ begin→ shop→
(四)现在进行时态的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。
(1)肯定式:be+v-ing She (sing ) in the next room.
(2)否定式:be+not+v-ing The students ( not clean) the room.
(3)一般问句:be动词提前。肯定答语Yes,主语+be, No,主语+be not。
I’m playing the computer game.
you the computer game?
肯定答语 /否定答语
(4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的:What+be +主语+doing+其他?
The old man is taking exercise under the tree.
is the old man under the tree?
对其他成份进行提问的,疑问词+一般疑问句?
The boy is swimming in the pool.
the boy ?
She is waiting for her mother .
is she ?
三. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(一)现在进行时表示动作的暂时性,而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性
I am watching TV now. (暂时性)I watch TV every day. (经常性)
(二)现在进行时可表示短暂性动作,而一般现在时表示长久性动作。
Lucy is living in Beijing.(短时间居住)Lucy lives in Beijing. (长久性居住)
(三)现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。
You’re always forgetting the most important things. (责备)
He is always helping others. (赞扬)He often helps others. (事实)
(四)有些动词不能用进行时,know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。
I have a lot of friends here. She wants to buy a new bike.
【典型例题】
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Look! There __________(be) a lot of people over there. What __________they __________ (do) now?
2. —What __________ your mother __________ (do)? —She is a teacher.
3. It __________ (rain) heavily outside now. You must stay at home.
4. Don’t sing. The baby __________(sleep).
5. My brother __________ (not like) playing basketball, but he __________ (like) playing football.
6. —What _________ you usually _________ (do) on Sunday?
—I usually _________ (stay) at home and _________ (do) my homework.
7. Listen! The girls _________ (sing) in the next room.
8. My sister _________ (want) to be a teacher.
9. It’s seven o’clock now. The Greens _________ (have) supper.
10. He often _________ (swim) on Sundays. Look! He _________ (swim) at the pool.
二、单项选择
1. I want _________ homework now.
A. doing B. to do C. to do my D. do my
2. It’s time _________.
A. go to school B. play games C. to go home D. to do my homeworks
3. The boy is _________ to his teacher.
A. saying B. speaking C. talking D. telling
4. I’m _________ a book in the room.
A. watching B. seeing C. reading D. looking
5. Where _________ he _________ from?
A. is, come B. do, come C. does, come D. is, from
6. Do they have a new car? Yes, _________.
A. they are B. they have C. they don’t D. they do
7. He often _________ supper at 6:00 in the evening.
A. have B. has C. is having D. is eating
8. It’s 6 o’clock in the morning. He _________.
A. get up B. gets up C. is geting up D. is getting up
9. What are you doing? I’m _________ TV.
A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watching
10. We _________ any Chinese classes on Friday.
A. are having B. aren’t having C. don’t have D. are have
11. Tom _________ an English class now.
A. is having B. has C. having D. have
12. Are you playing basketball? No, we _________.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. not D. don’t下载本文