硕士研究生英语 试题（A）卷
考生姓名： 准考证号：
考生注意事项:
一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括翻译与写作两部分，共2题。 两份试卷合并装订成试题册。
二．试卷一（题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB或2B）铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。
三．试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。请在答题卡和答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，以免漏改、漏登成绩。
四．试题册、答题卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，考试结束时一并交回。答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，否则答案无效。
五．试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。考试结束时间一到，考生一律停笔，将试题册、机读答题卡及主观答题纸留在座位上，待监考教师收点无误后，经主考教师宣布考试结束方可离开考场。
试卷一（Paper One）
Part I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked [A],[B],[C]and [D]. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will disseminate information to other students at their university or college.
[A]
| spread | [B] deliver | [C] disclose | [D] analyze |
| [A] undesirable | [B] unscripted | [C] immortal | [D] immoral |
| [A] basic information | [B] basic facilities | [C] basic knowledge | [D] basic structure |
| [A] effective | [B] worthwhile | [C] narrative | [D] efficient |
| [A] high | [B] modest | [C] arrogant | [D] prodigious |
| [A] infectious | [B] well-known | [C] destructive | [D] horrible |
| [A] retrieved | [B] mutual | [C] realized | [D] assured |
| [A] complicated | [B] supersonic | [C] expensive | [D] advanced |
| [A] launched | [B] anticipated | [C] avoided | [D] predicted |
| [A] prepared | [B] promised | [C] disposed | [D] delivered |
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.
11. We may embellish a story, forget a word of the song, and adapt an old technology or a new theory out of old ideas.
| [A] develop | [B] clone | [C] experiment | [D] concoct |
| [A] gazed | [B] stared | [C] glared | [D] watched |
| [A] proposition | [B] premise | [C] hypothesis | [D] hypocrisy |
| [A] helped about | [B] helped out | [C] helped with | [D] helped up |
| [A] brought in | [B] brought by | [ C] brought with | ]D] brought about |
| [A] comprehensive | [B] appreciative | [C] disinterested | [D] comprehensible |
| [A] may | [B] might | [ C] may well | ]D] may as well |
| [A] require | [B] enquire | [C] acquire | [D] request |
| [A] character | [B] structure | [C] composition | [D] ingredients |
[A]
| associated with | [B] referred to | [C] compared with | [D] attributed to |
Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Historical developments of the past half century and the inventions of the modern communication and transportation technologies have 21 a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been 22 by a world economy.
In the future there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management 23 in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will 24 with foreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign firms, or 25 financing from foreign banks.
The globalization of the world’s capital markets that has 26 in the past 10 years will be replicated right 27 the economy in the next decade. An international 28 has become central to management. Without it managers are operating 29 ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.
Partly because of globalization and 30 because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will be 31 more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social 32 mean that while males will become a smaller 33 of the work forces as women and minorities grow 34 importance. All of these factors will require 35 in the traditional methods of managing the work forces.
In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels 36 thought impossible to obtain 37 mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will 38 a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do just-in-time inventories. Managers are 39 shifting from a “don’t think, do what you are told” to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do” 40 of management.
| 21. [A] invented | [B] created | [C] borrowed | [D] cultivated |
| 22. [A] replaced | [B] reformed | [C] recreated | [D] recycled |
| 23. [A] life | [B] position | [C] career | [D] department |
| 24. [A] fight | [B] struggle | [C] argue | [D] compete |
| 25. [A] acquire | [B] require | [C] request | [D] inquire |
| 26. [A] invented | [B] created | [C] produced | [D] occurred |
| 27. [A] by | [B] to | [C] across | [D] over |
| 28. [A] perspective | [B] perceptive | [C] inspective | [D] informative |
| 29. [A] with | [B] of | [C] in | [D] on |
| 30. [A] quarterly | [B] partly | [C] basically | [D] principally |
| 31. [A] applying | [B] retiring | [C] dismissing | [D] employing |
| 32. [A] status | [B] mores | [C] hobbies | [D] habits |
| 33. [A] fraction | [B] percentage | [C] portion | [D] ratio |
| 34. [A] at | [B] by | [C] in | [D] of |
| 35. [A] problems | [B] changes | [C] respect | [D] transference |
| 36. [A] previously | [B] timely | [C] historically | [D] eventually |
| 37. [A] by | [B] at | [C] in | [D] with |
| 38. [A] inquire | [B] require | [C] acquire | [D] inquest |
| 39. [A] increasingly | [B] decreasingly | [C] simultaneously | [D] suddenly |
| 40. [A] kind | [B] sort | [C] type | [D] style |
Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer [A],[B],[C] or [D], and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Most biologists are agreed that all the varied phenomena of life are ultimately explainable in terms of the same physical and chemical principles which define nonliving system. It naturally follows that when enough is known of the chemistry and physics of vital phenomena it may be possible to synthesize (综合，合成) living matter. An opposite view, widely held by biologists until present century, stated that some unique force, not explainable in terms of physics and chemistry, is associated with and controls life. Many of the phenomena that appeared to be so mysterious when first discovered have subsequently proved to be understandable without requesting a unique life force, and it is reasonable to suppose that future research will show that other aspects of life can also be explained by physical and chemical principles.
To differentiate the living from the non-living and then to separate living into plants and animals are difficult to do sharply and clearly. Organisms such as cats and dogs are clearly recognizable as animals but sponges, (海绵、海绵状物) for example, were considered to be plants until well into the nineteenth century, and there are single-celled organisms which, even today, are called animals by zoologists and plant by botanists(植物学家). Even the line between living and nonliving is rather difficult to draw, for the viruses, too small to be seen with an ordinary light microscope, can be considered either the simplest living things or very complex, but non-living, organic chemicals.
All living things have, to a greater or lesser degree, the properties of specific organization. Each kind of living organism is recognized by its characteristic form and appearance; the adult organism usually has a characteristic size. Nonliving things generally have much more variable shapes and sizes. Living things are not homogeneous, (同质的) but are made of different parts, each with special functions; thus the bodies of animals and plants are characterized by a specific, complex organization. The structural and functional unit of both animals and plants is the cell. It is the simplest bit of living matter that can exist independently and exhibit all the characteristics of life.
41. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 1?
[A] Biologists think that life is controlled by some unique force which can be explained in terms of physics and chemistry.
[B]The phenomena of life are mysterious, so they are difficult to understand unless we use the theory of a unique life force.
[C]Today most biologists know a lot about the chemistry and physics of the phenomena of life, therefore, they can make living things by combining chemicals.
[D]Most of the biologists think that the physical and chemical principles that define non-living systems can one day explain different phenomena of life.
42. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
[A] The examples of both living things and nonliving chemicals.
[B] The devices used to examine very small organisms.
[C] The difficulty in drawing a clear line between the living and non-living and between the plants and animals.
[D] The way of telling the living from the non-living and animals from plants.
43. According to paragraph 2, sponges
[A] are thought to be plants in the twentieth century
[B] were considered to be animals in the eighteenth century
[C] are thought to be animals today
[D] can be considered either living things or organic chemicals
44. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cell?
[A] It never exists independently.
[B] It can exhibit all the characteristic of life.
[C] It is the structural and functional unit of living things.
[D] It is the simplest bit of living things.
45. This passage is most probably taken from
[A] a news report [B] a story
[C] a specialized book [D] a science fiction
Passage Two
Microsoft is no longer the world’s biggest company by market capitalization. Three other U.S. companies have overtaken the software giant in terms of stock market value. The firm’s value has gone sharply by 41% so far this year, from nearly $ 358 billion. Much of the reason for the fall has been the uncertainty prompted by the on-going anti-trust case. It has been overtaken by General Electric, now worth $ 506 billion, Intel, worth $ 441 billion and Cisco Systems, $ 436 billion.
Over the past year Microsoft shares have moved downwards from a high of $ 120 to $ 68 in early trading on 7 June. Meanwhile rival Cisco has seen its share price rise by $ 25 to more than $ 60 as the company has gained its role in providing the hardware for the Internet. And for most of the year it has been competing with computer chip maker Intel for the second place. Intel’s Pentium chips are widely used in personal computers worldwide.
The company that now holds the title of the world’s biggest company is an industrial giant which makes everything from toasters to jet engines. GE has sales of $ 110 billion— nearly ten times that of Microsoft and 340,000 employees worldwide. It has seen its profits grow by 15 % a year to $ 11 billion. GE Capital Services, its financial subsidiary, make up nearly half its sales. GE produces power generation systems, locomotive, medical imaging equipment and electrical appliances. It also owns the U. S. television network NBC and its financial news subsidiary, CNBC, and ironically, a joint venture with Microsoft to provide news on the Internet.
Microsoft’s shares now face a further period of uncertainty as the company’s legal battle continues. It could also face difficulty in recruiting and retaining employees whose pay has been boosted by their share options. The Seattle based firm is likely to go to an appeals court on any rulings. It could suffer further losses from lawsuits brought by competitors, who would be able to claim triple damages for any losses suffered. And with its energy and resources tied up in the lawsuits, the company may find it difficult to continue to innovate in the future, or move so aggressively to buy up competitors.
46. Microsoft’s shares are devalued drastically owing to ______.
[A] fierce competition from rivals [B] its involvement in a lawsuit
[C] the court rulings [D] the decrease in sales volume
47. Cisco Systems’share price has risen considerably______.
[A] after it has overtaken part of Microsofts shares
[B] after it has been competing with Intel and risen to the second place
[C] since it has gained a firm footing in the market
[D] because it is developing jointly Micro
48. Which is now the second biggest company in the United States?
[A] General Electric [B] Intel
[C] Cisco Systems [D] GE Capital Services
49. Which of the following companies is owned by General Electric and Microsoft together? [A] GE Capital Services [B] NBC
[C] CNBC [D] MSNBC
50. Why is it difficult for Microsoft to retain employees?
[A] Because it faces an uncertain future.
[B] Because it will have problem innovating itself.
[C] Because it will have problem paying them.
[D] Because it may be brought up by its competitors one day.
Passage There
It is all very wel1 to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd-road-hog, the rule and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign. Otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.
A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
51. According to the passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by .
[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog
[B] the rhythm of modern life
[C] the behavior of the driver
[D] traffic conditions
52. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that .
[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists
[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally
[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog
[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists
53. By “good sense,” the writer means________.
[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably
[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions
[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior
[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations
54. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion .
[A] road users should make more sacrifice
[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other
[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves
[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others
55. In the writer’s opinion, .
[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed
[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly
[C] rude drivers should be punished
[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams
Passage Four
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1984). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consist of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shot to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that were not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulkia, an elaborate historical-philosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.
56.The main purpose of the passage is to________.
[A]deplore the state of American cinema before the advent of Griffith
[B]describe the impact on cinema of the flashback and other editing innovations
[C]analyze the changes on the cinema brought by the introduction of the multi-reel film
[D]discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema
57.According to the passage, Griffith introduced all the following into American cinema EXCEPT ________.
[A] dramatic plots suggested by Victoria theater
[B]consideration of social issues
[C] adaptations from Tennyson
[D] photographic approaches inspired by Victoria painting
58.The author suggests that Griffith’s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following EXCEPT ________.
[A] film editing
| [B] camera work | [C] sound editing | [D] scene composing |
| [A] 15 minutes | [B] 30 minutes | [C] 45 minutes | [D] 1 hour |
[A] rich in artistic value
| [B] profitable | [C] ridiculous | [D] witty |
Barack Obama urged congressional leaders on Monday to act quickly to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy. He met with a bipartisan group of lawmakers on Capitol Hill. Later he met individually with Democratic and Republican House and Senate leaders and spoke to a bipartisan leadership gathering. In comments to reporters early on Monday, he underscored the urgency of finalizing economic legislation. “We have got an extraordinary economic challenge ahead of us,” he said. “We are expecting a sobering job report at the end of the week. Nancy Pelosi and her staff have been extraordinarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an economic recovery and reinvestment plan that starts putting people back to work.”
Mr. Obama wants tax cuts for individual Americans and businesses to make up a significant portion of expected legislation. This could involve as much as $300 billion of a bill that is likely to exceed $700 billion and include aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alternative energy and a range of infrastructure projects. Later, Mr. Obama said he expects to be able to sign legislation as soon as the end of this month, adding that quick action is necessary to “break the momentum of the U.S. recession”.
Emerging later from bipartisan talks with Mr. Obama, Nancy Pelosi said lawmakers discussed with the president-elect how to pass a stimulus package as quickly as possible. “An economic recovery package that will create jobs immediately and will grow the economy and that is what we talked about today,” said Nancy Pelosi. “How we could do this fast, deliberatively and to act upon it soon.” Just how soon that would be, Pelosi would not say.
How much support Democrats can obtain from Republicans will depend on the details. But the severity of the U.S. recession has created considerable bipartisan backing for quick action. Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid said, “There are investments that we need to make on behalf of the American people to turn around this economy. We felt very good about the meeting; we are confident that we can do this and we have to do this.”
“I think the best thing I can do is to decline to comment on what they are going to do going forward,” said Dana Perino. “Obviously, we think that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the recession that this president inherited and we know that tax cuts can spur innovation.” Asked by reporters how large the economic stimulus package might be, Senate Majority Leader Reid said President-elect Obama indicated that all but one of some 20 economists advising him had said it should range from $800 billion to $1.3 trillion.
61. Barack Obama urged congressional leaders and met with bipartisan leaders for ________.
[A] understanding each other better
[B] ending economic recession
[C] negotiating political issues
[D] taking the place of Bush quickly
62. The bill of economic legislation will be signed to help the following except ________.
[A] some poor U.S. states
[B] alternative energy
[C] underdeveloped countries
[D] infrastructure projects
63.If the stimulus package is passed quickly and successfully, it can ________.
[A] finalize economic legislation
[B] enhance America’s international status
[C] obtain support from Republicans
[D] provide job opportunities
. What is the bipartisan leaders’ attitude towards this meeting?
[A] Uncertain.
[B] Hopeful.
[C] Disappointed.
[D] Indifferent.
65.According to the passage, the best way out of the economic recession is ________.
[A] people’s confidence
[B] the bipartisan cooperation
[C] tax cuts
[D] economists’ suggestions
试卷二（Paper Two）
译写答题注意事项:
一、本试卷（Paper Two）答题一律写在主观答题纸（Answer Sheet II）上，草稿纸及试题测上的答案内容一律不予计分。
二、中、英文尽可能做到字迹清晰，书写工整，疏密相间均匀，字体大小适当。
三、英文作文必须逐行书写，不得隔行或跳行。
Part IV TRANSLATION (25 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (10 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following two paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
1. A person, like a commodity, needs packaging. But going too far is absolutely undesirable. A little exaggeration, however, does no harm when it shows the person’s unique qualities to their advantage. To display personal charm in a casual and natural way, it is important for one to have a clear knowledge of oneself. A master packager knows how to integrate art and nature without any traces of embellishment, so that the person so packaged is no commodity but a human being, lively and lovely.
2. Understanding medium culture is becoming a daily necessity in the information age. The development and spread of IT is having significant influence on education and bringing unprecedented challenge and opportunity to modern education. This is mainly shown in internet education, where a strong challenge is posed to “national education”, to ordinary school education, to teacher’s authority and regulated courses, to traditional educational ideology and theories.
Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following sentences into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
1. 我觉得他不会受欢迎的， 每次他做了不合适的事情甚至是错事，他都给自己找出借口。(come up with)
2. 当他最后一次尝试想设计方案时，一个新的计划浮现在他的脑海里。(suggest itself to)
3. 涌起的海平面会抹杀路易斯安那州（Louisiana）超过3,000平方英里的海岸线和湿地。（obliterate）
4. 如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑的话，你就必须知道如何确定你与其他人有相同的经历和问题。（intend）
5. 我们正在重新发现中国无与伦比、丰富多彩的文化遗产以及她巨大的经济潜力。(as well as)
Part V WRITING (25 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 180-200 words on the following topic and outline. Use the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
Nowadays, globalization is becoming more and more increasing. Some people think that increasing business and cultural contacts have positive influences on a country’s development; others think that they have negative effects on national identities. Discuss both views and give your opinion on the following title and outline.
On the Influence of Globalization
1.Views of positive influence on a country’s development
2.Views of negative effects on national identities
3.My opinion下载本文
