1、阅读理解
A
Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis’ Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move. When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
The indoor plants did start tracking the “sun” again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room. The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day, or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone, called auxin, appears to be a key driver.
The “dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
“Bees like warm flowers.” Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
“The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.” he said. “We’re currently testing this idea.”
1.Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers?
A.To see how sunflowers grow up.
B.To show what sunflowers’ genes are.
C.To study why sunflowers track the sun.
D.To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
2.What does the underlined word “staking”(Par 3) probably mean in ?
A.Tracking. .Fastening.
C.Preserving. .Presenting.
3.What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving?
A.They won’t grow well.
B.They will grow faster than usual.
C.They won’t swing back though set free.
D.They will produce a number of new genes.
4.What would happen to the sunflowers if they became fully grown?
A.They would swing as usual.
B.They would move back and forth.
C.They would stop turning.
D.They would track the sun.
5.Bees are fond of dancing ______________.
A.on cold sunflowers .in the circle of flowers
C.on warm sunflowers .on the mature sunflowers
B
From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created:the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial(长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed(摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.
In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.
6.People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they______________ .
A.are ready to change their minds.
B.are easily affected by windy weather.
C.don’t have the power to face their fate.
D.can’t exercise control over themselves.
7.Losers would think that .
A.success is the result of hard work.
B.working hard will lead to success.
C.their failure is only because of bad luck.
D.they don’t make efforts to succeed.
8.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that .
A.whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes.
B.developing confidence is the key to future success.
C.thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind.
D.setting our expectations is essential before taking action.
9.The last paragraph serves as .
A.the proof of the author’s points. .the conclusion of the argument.
C.an introduction to another topic. .a comparison between two views.
10.Which is the best title for the text?
A.Success is a choice. .The secrets of success.
C.Develop our confidence. .How to achieve success.
C
at Los Angeles International Airport. People may mistake these black — and — orange insects for moths (飞蛾) or monarchs (黑脉金斑蝶)due to the appearance. Actually, they are called painted ladies, and these butterflies are flying by the millions across the state.
The migration((迁徙)itself is nothing new. What's unusual this year is the number of butterflies making the journey. James burg, the director of Palm Desert, came across a pack of butterflies while riding a bike lust week. "They were Hying with me, as I rode," he said. "It was absolutely magical. I felt like a Disney princess."
The painted lady's appearance is a welcome exception to California's current butterfly crisis. The number of butterflies in the state has been in a loss for decides, reaching historic lows in 2018. A monarch count led by the Xerces Society found only 28,129 of monarchs wintering along the California coast. That figure represents an 85% drop from the previous year and a 99.4% fall compared with 40 years ago. Other butterfly populations have been hit even worse.
No one is certain what is causing butterflies in California to disappear, but researchers have pointed several likely factors. They include the general loss of open spaces, which means fewer flowers and leaves for food, as well as changing agricultural practices that have reduced the number of butterfly-friendly plants along the edges of crop fields. The climate change plays a role, which produces higher temperatures that can dry plants out and make them uneatable.
Scientists say the reason for this year's painted ladies' appearance can be summed up in one word: rain. And more specifically, rain in the desert. “The more plants, the more butterflies," James Burg said.
11.What can learn about painted ladies from Paragraph 1 ?
A.They enjoyed flying in the sky.
B.The liked chasing the drivers.
C.They and moths look much alike.
D.They were big trouble to the airport.
12.What is special about painted ladies' migration this year?
A.Their quantities. .Their destination.
C.Their flying route. .Their flying distance.
13.How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A.By giving examples. .By quoting a statement.
C.By analyzing cause and effect. .By listing accurate numbers.
14.Which can best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.Open spaces in California decrease greatly.
B.Changes on agriculture affected butterflies.
C.Lack of food makes butterflies disappear.
D.Climate change drives butterflies away.
15.In which section of a magazine will you probably read the passage?
A.Travel. .Nature.
C.History. .Health.
D
接受者). But what if we have been wrong all along and that we could turn things around, which not only made gift buying easier, but the recipient happier?
In 2015, psychologists Lauren Human and Lara Aknin conducted an online survey, which suggested that when people buy gifts, they prefer to choose something based on the recipient’s personality and tastes. Most people also said that they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them.
But Human and Aknin wondered if this approach to giving failed to take advantage of the way we connect as people. So they sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “reveals(揭示) your knowledge of the recipient” while the others set out to buy a card that “reveals your true self”. After the purchase, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling emotionally closer to their mothers.
To find out how that approach goes down with recipients, the psychologists did another test, asking more than 100 students to choose a song on iTunes to give to a friend, partner or family member. Each half of the group received the same instructions as the card buyers. Results revealed that recipients of songs that revealed something of the givers felt closer to them than those who received gifts bought only with them in mind.
Human and Aknin suggest it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the underlying (潜在的) goal” of a gift and surely it should be—then we “may well be advised to offer more self-reflective gifts”. In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely suit the recipient’s practical needs or tastes as one acquired purely with that in mind.
Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act, the psychologists added. Because it reduces the risk of revealing poor knowledge of a recipient by attempting to buy something that fits their character—and failing.
But a note of caution here: what the research does not examine is the potential risk in repeated, unsympathetic giver-centered giving, which, according to Human and Aknin “could signal self-obsession” —and nobody wants to reveal that about themselves.
16.From the Mother’s Day card test, we can conclude that ________.
A.gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the giver
B.most people choose gifts with the recipient in mind
C.most people choose gifts based on their personal tastes
D.gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the recipient
17.What do the underlined words “them, them” refer to in order of appearance?
A.The recipients; the givers. .The givers; the recipients.
C.The givers; the givers. .The recipients; the recipients.
18.What does the author think is the significance of gift giving?
A.Making the giver’s life happier.
B.Showing one’s knowledge of the recipient.
C.Establishing and strengthening social connections.
D.Meeting the recipient’s practical needs.
19.Which of the following is Human and Aknin’s advice on gift giving?
A.Choose gifts that reflect more of yourself.
B.Just focus on your own tastes when choosing gifts.
C.Buy something that fits the recipient’s character most.
D.Be careful not to signal your true personality.
20.Which is the best title of this passage?
A.The tradition of gift giving. .The purpose of gift giving.
C.The effect of gift giving. .The psychology of gift giving.
参
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.C
5.C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。哈默要在向日葵上做实验研究为什么向日葵跟踪太阳。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段Young sunflowers turn and swing every day. New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.(幼小的向日葵每天都在旋转和摇摆。新的发现为这些植物具有动物性提供了更多的证据)和第二段Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis’ Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.(哈默在田间、室外花盆和室内生长室内对向日葵进行了一系列实验)可知,哈默要在向日葵上做这个实验是为了研究为什么向日葵跟踪太阳。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.可知,所以它们不能移动,哈默表明他可以摧毁它们跟踪太阳的能力。由此可知,划线部分指的是把向日葵“固定住”。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中的By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move.可知,通过将植物绑在木桩上使它们无法移动,哈默证明了他可以摧毁它们追踪太阳的能力。他还注意到,被阻止移动的向日葵没有那些可以自由移动的向日葵坚硬和多叶。由此可知,向日葵停止移动的结果是它们长不好。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据第六段The “dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.可知,随着向日葵的成熟和花朵的开放,太阳周期的“舞蹈”明显减慢。到了那个时候,植物在白天就停止了移动,在东边面向太阳的地方安顿下来。由此可知,如果向日葵完全长大了,它们会停止转弯。故选C。
5.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Bees like warm flowers.” Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good. 可知,“蜜蜂喜欢温暖的花朵。”哈默说,蜜蜂是冷血动物,所以降落在温暖的花朵上可以为它们节省能量,而且可能会让它们感觉很好。由此可知,蜜蜂喜欢在温暖的向日葵上跳舞。故选C。
【点睛】
做词义猜测题时利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义,最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义,尤其是要抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。本题第2小题,根据so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.可知,所以它们不能移动,哈默表明他可以摧毁它们跟踪太阳的能力。由此可知,划线部分指的是把向日葵“固定住”。故选B。
6.D
7.C
8.A
9.B
10.A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。成功是一种选择,而不是机会。你生来就是赢家。你生来就要富有。只要你做出正确的选择,你就能成功。同时告诉读者怎么样做才能成功。
6.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They are the perennial(长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed(摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather”可知,他们是受害者和殉道者。它们是风吹来的树叶,随着天气的突然变化而四处飘散。所以自尊心不强的人通常认为他们不能控制生活,就像风中的树叶一样,任凭风吹向何方。故选D。
7.细节理解题。根据第四段“Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.”可知,失败者认为一切都是偶然发生的。所以失败者会认为失败是因为运气不好。故选C。
8.推理判断题。根据文章的第五段“Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.”可知,万事都有因,如果我们能找出原因,我们就能控制结果。我们要对自己选择的想法和信仰负责。一个人通常会达到自己期望的水平。我们有责任设定我们的期望。我们的成功取决于我们的自信程度,由此推断出可,我们能否成功取决于我们的态度。故选A。
9.推理判断题。根据最后一段“In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success”可知,简而言之,在你生活的各个领域,无论是经济、身体、情感还是精神,你都要有责任感。一旦你认识到这一点,接受它,并坚信它,你就走上了成功之路。所以最后一段作为论点的结论。故选B。
10.主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段“Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice”可知,成功是一种选择,而不是机会。你生来就是赢家。你生来就富有。只要你做出正确的选择,你就能成功以及下文介绍了怎么样做才能成功。所以短文的最佳标题是“成功是一种选择”。故选A。
11.C
12.A
13.D
14.C
15.B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述加利福尼亚蝴蝶数量数年来减少,分析了减少的原因。
11.细节理解题。根据第一段的“People may mistake these black — and — orange insects for moths (飞蛾) or monarchs (黑脉金斑蝶)due to the appearance. ”可知,因为它的外观,人们可能会把这些黑橙色的昆虫误认为是飞蛾或者黑脉金斑蝶。故选C。
12.细节理解题。根据第二段的“What's unusual this year is the number of butterflies making the journey. ”可知,今年的这种蝴蝶的数量是不同寻常的。故选A。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段出现的“only 28,129”“an 85% drop”“a 99.4% fall”“compared with 40 years ago”可知,本段列举具体数字来说明加利福尼亚蝴蝶危机,故选D。
14.主旨大意题。根据第四段的“They include the general loss of open spaces, which means fewer flowers and leaves for food, as well as changing agricultural practices that have reduced the number of butterfly-friendly plants along the edges of crop fields. The climate change plays a role, which produces higher temperatures that can dry plants out and make them uneatable. ”(它们包括开放空间的普遍损失,这意味着有更少的花卉和树叶作为食物,农业习俗的改变减少了庄稼地边缘的对蝴蝶友好的植物的数量。气候变化起着一定的作用,它会产生更高的温度,使植物变干,使它们无法食用。)因此推断,本段主要讲述缺少食物使得植物消失。故选C。
15.推理判断题。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述加利福尼亚蝴蝶数量数年来越来越少,分析了减少的原因。因此推断本文属于自然的范畴,故选B。
【点睛】
文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征,这是推理判断的前提和基础。如报纸,前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等;广告,其格式特殊,容易辨认;产品说明、器皿设备的使用说明有产品名称或操作方法,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。如小题5,结合文章主要内容讲述加利福尼亚蝴蝶数量数年来越来越少,分析了减少的原因。因此推断本文属于自然的范畴,故选B。
16.A
17.B
18.C
19.A
20.D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家通过实验发现带着自己的想法给别人选礼物的人在情感上与收礼人更亲近,因此送礼时应选择更能反映送礼人的礼物。
16.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“After the purchase, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling emotionally closer to their mothers.”可知,带着自己的想法给母亲选礼物的人说自己在情感上与母亲更亲近了,由此可知,带着自己的想法选择礼物会对送礼人很有效,故A项正确。
17.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前一句“Each half of the group received the same instructions as the card buyers.”可知,小组的每一半人都得到了与给母亲买贺卡的人的相同的指示,即一半人带着自己的想法给母亲选贺卡,另一半人则在选贺卡时考虑到母亲,结果显示带着自己的想法给母亲选礼物的人说自己在情感上与母亲更亲近了,由此可知,此处是说与那些只考虑收礼人的人相比,那些听了能够透露出送礼人某些信息的人感觉与送礼人更亲近了,所以第一个them指代的是送礼人,第二个them指代的是收礼人,故B项正确。
18.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“If building stronger social connections is the underlying (潜在的) goal” of a gift and surely it should be”可知,如果建立更强大的社会关系是送礼的潜在目标,那么它当然是,由此可知,作者认为送礼的意义在于建立和加强社会联系,故C项正确。
19.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“then we “may well be advised to offer more self-reflective gifts”可知,Human 和Aknin建议选择礼物时应该选择更能反映你自己的礼物,故A项正确。
20.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验发现带着自己的想法给别人选礼物的人说在情感上与收礼人更亲近,因此送礼时应选择更能反映送礼人的礼物,全文都是围绕“送礼与送礼时的心理”展开,由此可知D项(送礼的心理)最能概括出文章内容。
【点睛】
本篇第5题主旨大意题难度较大,对实验结果的理解是关键,根据第三、四段对试验的介绍可知,科学家通过对人们买母亲节贺卡和让学生们在iTunes上给朋友或家人选择歌曲的两个试验发现带着自己的想法给别人选礼物的人在情感上与收礼人更亲近,因此送礼时应选择更能反映送礼人的礼物,全文都是围绕“送礼与送礼时的心理”而展开,由此可知D项(送礼的心理)最能概括出文章内容。下载本文