Look at the chart below. They show the sales figures of three furniture companies, K, L and M, for eight different products A—H.
Which chart does each sentence 1—5 describe?
For each sentence, mark one letter A—H on you answer sheet. Do not use any letter more than once.
1.Sales of this product were higher at M than at K or L.
2.L has more than half of the market for this product.
3.All three companies have an equal share of the market for this product.
4.K’s sales of this product have not been as high as those of the other two comp anies.
5.K has done as well with this product as the other two companies together.
●Look at the charts below. They show the share price for eight different companies during
one month.
●Which chart does each sentence 6-10 describe?
●Do not use any letter more than once.
S h a r P r i c M a r c h 1997
B
S h a r e
P r i c e
M a r c h 1997
C
S h a r e
P r i c e
M a r c h 1997
D
S h a r e
P r i c e
M a r c h 1997
E
S h a r e
P r i c e
M a r c h 1997
F
S h a r e
P r i c e
M a r c h 1997
G
S h a r e
P r i c e
M a r c h 1997
H
S h a r e
P r i c e
M a r c h 1997
6. The share price reached its peak around the middle of the month and then dropped sharply.
7. The share price climbed steadily before falling slightly towards the end of the month.
8. The share price fell sharply before slowly recovering to the same level as at the beginning of the month.
9. Except for a slight fall around the middle of the month, the share price showed little change. 10. The share price showed a great improvement after the middle of the month.
● Look at the charts below. They show the turnover of eight different companies in the
food Industry over a period of three years.
● Which chart does each sentence (11-15) on the opposite page describe? ● For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet. ● Do not use any letter more than once.
T u
A 50
B
T 50
T u
C
50
T D
50
T E
50
T F
50
T G
50
T H
50
11. This company 's turnover dipped slightly in 1997, then rose dramatically the following year. 12. This company 's turnover fell in 1997 and not recovered.
13.
This company 's turnover showed significant growth between 1996 and 1997, followed by only a small rise.
14. This company 's turnover peaked in 1997, dropping back considerably in 1998. 15. This turnover of this company showed rapid growth throughout the period.
·look at the graphs below .They show the imports and exports of eight different countries (A-H) over the same three-year period.
·Which graph does each sentence (16-20) on the opposite page describe? ·For each sentence ,mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet. ·Do not use any letter more than once.
I m p o r t s
E x p o r t s
$M i l l i
302010$M i l l i
302010
$M i l l
i 302010$M i l l
i 302010
$M i l l
i 302010$M i l l i
302010
302010
$M i l l i 302010
16. Exports fell during the second year but then made a strong recovery in the final year.
17.
Exports reached a peak at the beginning of the third year, while imports fell steadily through the whole period .
18. Imports remained fairly steady for the first tow years before dropping dramatically in the
third year .
19. Exports dropped in the first year but then increased considerably and overtook imports in
the final year.
20. Imports rose over the whole period ,while exports reached a peak at the beginning of the
third year and then began to fall.
Test7
·Look at the graphs below .They show the closing share prices at the end of each day’s trading of eight different companies from Monday to Friday in one week.
·Which graph does each sentence (11-15) on the opposite page describe?
·For each sentence ,mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.
·Do not use any letter more than once.
11.In spite of a slight recovery towards the end of the week ,the general trend was downward. 12.After rising dramatically in the middle of the week ,prices fell back to their Monday level.
13.Share prices dropped early in the week ,although there were then signs that they were becoming stable.
14.After a steady rise for most of the week, prices fell to well below their original level. 15.Prices reached their peak at the close of the week ’s trading.
Test 8
PART THREE Questions 11---15 · Look at the charts bellow. They show Internet sales compared to High Street sales of holidays offered by eight different travel companies during a three-year period. ·Which chart does each sentence (11—15) on the opposite page describe? · For each sentence, mark one letter (A —H )on your Answer Sheet. · Do not use any letter more than once.
80
6040200
1999 2000 2001
80
6040200
1999 2000 2001C
D
S a l e s (000s)
£S a l e s (000s)
£
80
6040200
1999 2000 2001
806040200
1999 2000 2001E F
S a l e s(000s )
£S a l e s(000s )
£
806040200
1999 2000 2001
806040200
1999 2000 2001G H
S a l e s (000s)
£S a l e s (000s)
£
6
Although Internet sales started higher than High Street sales, they lost that lead when both dropped in the middle of the period.
7 High Street sales and Internet sales reached their peak in the middle of the period ,but
Internet sales declined more sharply at the end .
8
While both High Street and Internet sales rose throughout the period, High Street sales saw
their greater increase in the middle year.
9 Both Internet and High Street sales dropped in the middle of the period, with the Internet
always achieving fewer sales than the High Street.
10 High Street sales fell from their early high point to equal Internet sales, and both then
remained level at the end of the period.
Test 10
PART THREE (Questions 11—15)
• Look at - the graphs below. They show the sales from January to June. • Which graph does each sentence in Questions (11~15) describe? • For each sentence mark one letter (A~H) on your answer sheet.
11. The sales reached the peak in March.
12. The sales levelled off between April and May.
13. The sates dropped sharply in February.
14. The sales levelled off during January and February but increased suddenly in March.
15. The sales went,-up steadily in January, February and March and reached the peak in April.精品文库
图表作文
对于线性图表的描述
上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述:
to increase / an increase
to go up
to grow / a growth
to jump / a jump
to leap / a leap
to reach a peak / a peak
to soar / a soar
to rise / a rise
to upsurge / an upsurge
to upswing / an upswing
to recover/ a recovery
to ascend/ on the ascendance
to surge/ an surge
to go up
to climb
to mount
to level up
to shoot
to pick up
an upward trend
experience an explosive growth
an acceleration
to swell
manage a modest ( marginal ) gain on
最高点:peaked;
reached a peak/high(point)
the highest
the top
the summit
the most
2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述:
a.动词+to+具体数据。
b.动词+to+the peak of+具体数据。
c.动词+reaching the peak of +具体数据。
d.动词+reaching + 具体数据。
e. to peak at +具体数据
f. to climb to + 具体数据
3. 对于上升的程度的描述:
a.动词+by +具体数据。
b.动词+副词。
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下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述:
to collapse / a collapse
to decline / a decline/ on the decline
to drop / a drop
to decrease / a decrease
to fall / a fall
to go down
to reach a low point / a low point
to reduce / a reduction
to descend
to lessen
to level down
to slide
to wane/ on the wane
to shrink
to slump/ a slump
to fall off
to drop off
to take a dip
a downward trend
最低点:bottomed out
reached the bottom
2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述:
a.动词+to+具体数据。
b.动词+to+the bottom of+具体数据。
c.动词+reaching the bottom of +具体数据。
d.动词+reaching + 具体数据。
3. 对于下降程度的描述:
a.动词+by +具体数据。
b. 动词+副词。
表示程度的词:
1. 程度较大:
a great deal /big/a lot
apparent / apparently
clear / dearly
considerable / considerably
important / importantly
dramatic / dramatically
great /greatly
drastic / drastically
marked / markedly
much
obvious / obviously精品文库
fast
quick / quickly
rapid / rapidly
remarkable / remarkably
sharp ,/sharply
significant / significantly
strong / strongly
sudden / suddenly
steep/steeply
massive/ massively
2. 程度较小:
a bit
a little
fractional / fractionally
gentle / gently
gradual / gradually
hardly
little
slight / slightly
slow / slowly
small
steady / steadily
stable/stably
marginally
moderate/ moderately
3. 平稳状态:
to be hardly changed
to have little/hardly any /no change
to keep steady
to level off
to remain constant/steady/stable
to remain unchanged
to stay the same
remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to
4. 表示平稳:
fluctuate/ a fluctuation
rise and falls up and down
5. 表示程度:
almost adv. 几乎,差不多
nearly adv. 几乎,密切地
approximately adv. 近似的,大约
about adv. 附近,大约,转向,左右,周围
just over 刚超过
over adv. 结束,越过,从头到尾精品文库
exactly adv. 正确地,严密地
precisely adv. 正好精确地;清晰地
比例:20 per cent 20%
one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
占:occupy take up account for gain
而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact
相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with
5. 常用词
significant changes 图中一些较大变化
noticeable trend 明显趋势
during/withhin the same period 在同一时期
distribute 分布,区别
unequally 不相等地
pronounced 明显的
average 平均
corresponding adj. 相应的,通讯的
represent vt. 阐述,表现
overall 总体上讲
except 除外
in the case of adv. 在…的情况下
in comparison 相比之下
inversely adv. 相反地,倒转地
range from 从…到…
excessive adj. 过多的,过分的,额外
lower v.降低,跌落
elapse vi.(时间)过去,消逝
时间的嵌入
嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组:in; from……to……; between…….and……during……and……; at the start of ……; by the end of ……; over ……; at the end of ……throughout ……
时间’s + 具体数据
上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后):
1. 先上升后下降的句型:
...... increased slowly during…… and …… but fell sharply in …….
A steady fall in …… during …… and …… followed the sharp increase in …….
4
2. 先下降后上升的句型:
……fell before …… began to make a recovery ……
……continue the recovery, climbing to ……
……dropped during …… but increased again in ……
精品文库
……fell and then pick up during ……
……collapsed before rising to ……at the end of ……
3. 起伏波动的句型:
……fluctuated sharply all through ……
4. 波动不大的句型:
……hardly changed through the period between ……and ……
柱状图形的描述
转换为线形图形的描述
饼状图形的描述
对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型:
……% the …… is/has/have/are ……
……accounts for ……% of the total
……takes up ……% in t he whole chart
比较主体中的一部分is / constitutes / accounts for…… % in the whole pie chart.
趋势的比较
1. 表示相似的句型(实例) :
Both share prices rose sharply in January.
Neither company has made a profit yet.
Like X, Y fell in June.
X rose just as sharply as Y.
2. 表示差异的句型(实例):
X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.
X fell quickly compared to Y.
Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.
X rose far more dramatically than Y.
3. 表示倍数的句型:
the …… doubled/tripled in …… compared with those in ……
A is in direct proportion to B=A is directly proportional to B. AB成正比
A is in inverse/reciprocal proportion to B=A is inversely/reciprocally proportional to B.
AB成反比。
A has 倍数as many 可数的比较主体as B. A是B的多少倍
A has 倍数as much 不可数的比较主体as B. 同上
A has the same 比较主体as B. AB相同,相等
4. 客观比较的句型:
……is …… in contrast to ……
The 比较主体in 地点in 时间is …… in contrast to …… in 地点in 时间.
数据的修饰
1. 表示不足的词或词组:up to; below; under; almost; nearly
2. 表示超过的词或词组:over; more than; just over
3. 表示大约的词:about一. 主章开头
图表类型:table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph
描述:show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent
内容:figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion
开头套句:
The diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…
This bar chart displays the numbers of…
These two pie charts show the differences between two groups of…
The table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……
The bar chart illustrates that……
The graph provides some interesting data regarding……
The diagram shows (that)……
The pie graph depicts (that)……
This is a curv e graph which describes the trend of……
The figures/statistics show (that)……
The tree diagram reveals how……
上升趋势的套句:
The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……
the situation reached a peak(a high point at)of[%].
A is ……times as much/many as b.
A increased by……
A increased to……
There is an upward trend in the number of……
A considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to……
……(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in……
表示下降趋势的套句:
from……to……the rate of decrease slow down.
from this year on,there was a gradual decline reduction in the……,reaching a figure of……The figures/situation bottomed out in……
The figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
表示持平不变的套句:
be similar to……
be the same as……
There are lot similarities/d ifferences between……and……
A has something in common with b
the number of……remained steady/stable from (month/year)to (month/year)。
The percentage of……stayed the same between……and……
The percentage remained steady at……
The percentage of……is slightly larger/smaller than that of……
There is not a great deal of difference between……and……
结尾
The tree diagram reveals how……
the data/statistics show (that)……The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……
As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table……
According to the chart/figures……
As is shown in the table……
as can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken place in……
In my opinion,
Personally, I …
In short (= In brief) …
In conclusion,
As far as I’m concerned …
To conclude,
It seems clear that …
图表作文是BEC考试中常出的题型。对于如何描述图表,很多学习常感到困难。下面是一些常用的描述图表的句型,供大家参考。
1. At a slower rate...
2. It reflects the great differences that exist between...
3. These figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figure of...
4. It can be seen from the chart that significantly...~er(比较级)...than...
5. In all locations, A out numbered B...
6. These two pie charts (饼状图) show the differences between two groups of...
7. The first point to note is the huge increase (in the number of)...
8. A is more than... times (bigger) than B
9. The biggest loss was to A, which decreased from... to... of the whole.
10. The biggest gains (in graduate numbers) were made by A which, as a group, have increased by over...
11. To sum up, ...
12. This bar chart displays the numbers of...
13. The chart reflects several trends.
14. But... we see a different trend emerging.
15. When we compare..., we see...
16. This suggests increased educational opportunities for women in higher education.
17. According to the graph, ...
18. The proportion of...
19. There was a slight recovery...
20. ... has dropped dramatically
21. The general trend appears to be increases.
22. There were approximately...
23. ... had jumped four fold to...
24. ... rose sharply from... to...
25. Remained constant at...
26. The overall trend for...
27. The graph shows the percentage of...
28. We can see that... swell during the... hours, peaking at... am.29. Although the raw data does not provide an explanation for these trends
30. When coupled with the graphic information, leads to some possible conclusions...?
31. This may serve to explain, at least in part, the mirror image of the two lines.
32. Perhaps the most telling feature of the chart is the dominance of...
33. The graph relates the percentage of...
34. Rise gradually to about 10%.
35. After a slight drop around lunch time, audiences begin a fairly steady climb towards the peak viewer ship in the hours from 6pm to 10pm at some 40-45%.
36. A sharp decline follows to...
37. Listenership drops steadily from this peak, crossing the line for television views at around 2pm.
38. It continues to decline throughout the evening until reaching a low point at 2am.
39. The graph proves the dominance of...
40. During the peak period of...
41. The diagram unfolds a clear comparison between...
42. The United States as a whole in four aspects, namely, ...
43. Obviously, in every aspect...
44. ... had a much higher growth rate than... as a whole during that period.
45. The number of... increased by %.
46. The most rapid increase of all the four aspects... As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.
47. The number of... dropped by %.
48. From the diagram it can be safely concluded that (in the years)...
49. There were many significant changes (in modes of transport)...
50. The following paragraphs will identify and discuss the trends in the accompanying graph.
51. A very noticeable trend was the steady decrease in...
52. During the same period, there was a large increase...
53. This increased again...
The graph shows the share prices for Microsoft and Apple. July-November 1999. Write a 120-14- word report describing and comparing the share prices.
Report: Comparison of Microsoft Corporation and Apple Computer, Inc. shares
At the start of the period Microsoft’s share price was virtually twice that of apple, by late November however, Apple had outstripped Microsoft with a share value of almost $100, $10 more than Microsoft.
Microsoft saw its share prices change constantly; they reached a peak of $100 in mid-July, fell to under $80 in mid-August and then recovered to $90 by September. The share price then fluctuated at or around this level until the end of November.
Apple shares, on the other hand, showed an overall upward trend. The price rose from $45 per share in July to almost $80 by mid-September. Following a sharp fall at the beginning of October, the share price picked up and increased steadily, reaching a peak of $100 by the end of November.
The graph shows unemployment in Italy and Germany, 1993-1998. Write a 120-14- word report comparing unemployment in the two countries.
Unemployment in Italy and Germany, 1993 to 1998
General trend
Unemployment figures in both Italy and Germany rose significantly over the period from 1993 to 1998.
Italy
Despite an overall increase, the unemployment figures were characterized by number of peaks and troughs over the six years. In 1993 unemployment stood at just over 9% of the total workforce, rising to 12% in 1995. it then fluctuated around this level until 1998, never falling below 11.5%. Germany
In contrast, unemployment in Germany rose steadily with far fewer fluctuations, increasing from 8.5% to almost 10% by late 1993. Despite an improvement the following year, with the level falling to just under 9.25%, the upward trend continued, with unemployment reaching a peak of 11.5% by the end of 1997. However, 1998 saw unemployment drop sharply to 10.7% before
leveling off.
The share prices of both IBM and AOL showed a general upward trend from June until the end of 1998. However, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100.
AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks, they reached a high of $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 per share at the beginning of May. There was a slight recovery during that month however, despite this, by June 1999 the price of AOL shares was once again about $100. In contrast, despite minor fluctuations, IBM shares made a steady recovery
over the three month period, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL.BEC 高级(HIGHER)PART 1 --------图表作文
图表作文的文章结构:引言部分、主题段落、结论部分、例文分析
The bar chart below shows the number of complaints made by consumers about different products and services in the years 1994 and 1997.
12.7%
6.7%
4.0%
9.2%
5.2%
Write a short report of 120-140 words.
The bar chart displays the changes in the number of complaints made by consumers about five kinds of products and services between 1994 and 1997. According to the diagram, there was an increase in the complaints about most of the products and services.
The number of complaints about package holidays abroad and financial services increased over the period. The complaints made about the package holidays abroad rose by 12.7% from 15,000 in 1994 to about 18,000 in 1997. And there were about 52,000 complaints about the financial services in 1997, by 5.2% up on 1994.
There were also more complaints about electric goods and second-hand cars in 1997 than in 1994. The complaints about the two products rose by 9.2% and 6.7% respectively. The former increased from 66,000 in 1994 to about 70,000 in 1997 and the latter went up from 80,000 to 86,000. And clothing is the only sector where the number of complaints dropped over the period. In 1994, there were around 45,000 complaints while the figure decreased by 4% to around 43,000 in 1997.
In conclusion, we can see there were more complaints about the products and services in 1997 than in 1994 with the only exception of clothing.
图表作文常用的语言手段
作文的开头------表示“出处”的句子结构;描述“数据变化”常用的表达方式;表示变化的副词和形容词;描述“数据”的表达方式;“大约”的表达方式
例一
The graph below shows development in the ownership of mobile telephones as a percentage of telephones owned.
Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the changes in telephone ownership.
You should write at least 150 words.
Mobil e Telephone Ownership as Percentage of All Telephone Ownership
From the bar charts, we can see the changes in the ownership of mobile phones as a percentage of all telephones owned in Europe, USA and Asia respectively between 1993 and 1998 and a forecast about percentages in the year of 2003.
During the five years between 1993 and 1998, there was an increase in mobile telephone ownership in proportion to all the telephone users in the three areas. In Europe, 4% of the telephone owners were mobile phone subscribers in 1993. The percentage rose to 14% in 1998. In the USA, the percentage was 8% in 1993, the highest among the three areas. It increased to 18% in 1998. In Asia, there was a threefold increase from 2% in 1993 to 8% in 1998.
It is forecasted that the upturn trend will continue in the following five year. In 2003, 18% of the telephone owners in Europe are estimated to be mobile phone users, compared to around 35% in USA and 28% in Asia.
Also obvious from the diagram is that Asia is the most rapid. In 1993, the percentage was only 2%, the lowest among the three areas while in 2003, it is likely to be 28%, almost 10% higher than that of Europe, the lowest among three areas.
例二
The following two graphs display the workforce distribution in 1932 and 2000 in Great Britain. Write a report for a university lecturer displaying the trends in the following graphs.
You should write at least 150 words.
Comparative Workforce distribution in Great Britain Between 1932 and 2000
According to the pie chart, there have been major changes in the relative size of the major employment sectors in Great Britain over the last 68 years.
In 1932, 25% of people between the ages of 16 and 65 were unemployed. Of those who had a job the largest percentage worked in the industrial sector, followed by those in the services sector ( 15%) and in agriculture and fishing (12%). Only 3% of the population was employed by the government.
As the diagram indicates, by 2000 major changes had taken place in the occupation of the working population. Most significantly perhaps, a far lower percentage of people of working age were unemployed. The relative size of different occupational sectors had also changed significantly. The industrial sector only accounted for 15% of workers while the largest employment sector was made up by workers in the service industry. Agriculture and fishing has also declined whereas the government sector has increased enormously, employing almost 15% of all workers.
例三
The first table below shows the results of a survey which sampled a cross-section of 100,000 people asking if they traveled abroad and why they traveled for the period 1994-1998. The second table shows their destinations over the same period.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
The tables illustrate why the surveyed UK people traveled abroad from 1996 to 2000 and what their destinations were over that period. According to the tables, these UK residents traveled abroad mainly for holidays, business or visits to their friends and relatives and their destinations are largely Western Europe and North America.
There was an increase in the number of the UK population who traveled abroad over the period in all the three categories. In 1996, there were 15,246 holiday makers abroad, which was much larger than the number of business travelers (3,155) and that of visitors to their friends and relatives (2,6). In 2000 the number of holiday makers increased to 20,700, followed by 3,957 for business travelers and 3,181 for visitors to friends and relatives. The total number of travelers abroad went up from 22,072 in 1996 to 28,828 in 2000.
Obvious from the 2nd table is that Western Europe is the most preferred destination for the UK travelers and travelers to all destinations increased during the five years. The travelers to Western Europe increased considerably from 19,371 in 1996 to 1,823 in 2000, which was less than 10% of those to Western Europe.
In conclusion, more and more people in UK traveled abroad form 1996 to 2000 and their most preferred destination was Western Europe.
例四
The graph below shows the sales of a product in three major international markets in the period between June 1994 and January 1997. A new marketing strategy was introduced in June 1995. Write a letter for a university lecturer describing the information given in the graph.
You should write at least 150 words on your answer sheet.
The graph shows the sales of a product in Japan, France, and Indonesia during the period between June 1994 and Jan 1997.
In Japan, sales stood at $20,000 in June 1994, the lowest in comparison with the other two areas. The sales figure went down within the next year. In June 1995, there were virtually no sales at all. After a new strategy was introduced, the sales began to pick up and rose steadily over the following one and a half years to reach a peak of 90,000 in January 1997.
In France, the sales were $50,000 in June 1994. Unfortunately, the sales fell significantly between June 1994 and January 1996 despite of the new marketing strategy. In January 1996 sales were only $10,000. After that the sales figure leveled off for one and a half years.
In Indonesia, the sales were the same as in France in June 1994. It kept going up and arriving at a peak of $70,000 in June 1995. After the new strategy was introduced the figure fell slightly to around $60,000 over the next year before it bottomed out in May 1996. 例五
The graph below shows the profit or loss made on three new products (A, B and C) in the year following their introduction to the market.
Use the information from the graph, write a short report of 120-140 words on changes that occurred between February 2000 and the end of the year.
Write on your answer sheet.
Report on three products’ profit or loss Introduction
The graph indicates the profit or loss made on three new products after their introduction to the market form February, 2000 to December, the same year. Findings
Form Product A, it began to make profit immediately ager launching with 5,000 dollars by April. Then it kept going up and reached the peak of 7,000 dollars by August. Unfortunately, it started to fall slightly till October, and finally dropped to 2,500 dollars’ profit at the end of December.
Concerning Product B, it also gained profit as soon as it entered the market, and it steadily rose to 1,500 dollars by the end of June. After a boom in the following two months to 3,500 dollars, the profit continuously maintained an upward trend and reached a high point of 5,500 dollars, highest among the three products by December.
Product C is the only one that did not make profit during this period. In its first four months in the
market, it could just make ends meet before the profit was to increase from June to August, ending
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up with 1,000 dollars. Then, it dramatically declined to 1,000 dollars loss in October, and recovered a bit in the next two month, though still not making profit.
Conclusion
Both Product A and B were making profits between February and December 2000, and Product C ended up with 1,000 dollars loss during that period.
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