一、dozen表示“ 打,十二个”的意思,而score表示“二十”的意思。
二、 二、两词与数词,a, many, several连用修饰名词复数时,都要用单数,其后的介词of有无均可。但是,习惯上score多与of连用,而dozen很少与of连用,如:two score(of)workers, three score and ten people, several dozen children, many dozen books。
三、 三、两词与of连用(of不省略)时,可用于人称代词宾格(us, you, them)或指示代词(these, those)修饰的名词前,表示所属关系。如: two dozen of them/us, a score of these/those workers.
四、四、 两词的复数形式与of连用时,表示不确切的数量,意为“许多……,大量的……”。如: dozens of times, scores of people.而some dozen people是“一打左右的人”(大约十二人)与some dozen of people同义。(some)dozen of people是“若干打的人”(几十个人,许多人)。
五、 五、除了上述用法之外,还要注意下列习惯用语:(pack)in dozens[成打(包装)],(sell)by the dozen[论打(出售)],in scores(成批的)
主格结构
一、、主格结构的特点:
1)主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
二、主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
The test finished, we began our holiday. = when the test was finished, we began our holiday.
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
If the building project to be completed by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. = A robber burst into the room and a knife was in his hand.
一个贼闯进房间,手里拿着一把刀。
三、 With的复合结构作主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意: 1) 主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是结构, 其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可
指示代词
1 指示代词的用法
1) this, that, these, those, such和the same可指人或物。it 通常指物
1.作主语 2.作宾语 3.作表语 4.作定语
2)指示代词的用法区别
1.this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物,that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。 例:
This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door.
In those years they led a hard life.
2. this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,起承上的作用。 例:
I shall say this to you: he is an honest man.
He felt ill. That is why he didn't come.
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars.
3.在电话中,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的对方。
例:A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).
B: Who's that please? (美语用Who's it?或Who's this?)
4. that和those可以代替名词,以避免重复
例:The cars made in this city are more expensive than those made in that city.
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 下载本文